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JavaFX: Bringing Rich Experiences To All the Screens Of Your Life

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Overview

The class Math contains methods for performing basic numeric operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric functions.

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Script Variable Summary

accessnametypeCan ReadCan InitCan WriteDefault Valuedescription
publicEDouble

The double value that is closer than any other to e, the base of the natural logarithms.

publicPIDouble

The double value that is closer than any other to pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

Inherited Variables

Script Function Summary

public abs(a: Integer) : Integer

Returns the absolute value of an int value.

Returns the absolute value of an int value. If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.

Note that if the argument is equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE, the most negative representable int value, the result is that same value, which is negative.

See Also:
java.lang.Integer#MIN_VALUE

Parameters
a
the argument whose absolute value is to be determined
Returns
Integer
the absolute value of the argument.

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public abs(a: Long) : Long

Returns the absolute value of a long value.

Returns the absolute value of a long value. If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.

Note that if the argument is equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE, the most negative representable long value, the result is that same value, which is negative.

See Also:
java.lang.Long#MIN_VALUE

Parameters
a
the argument whose absolute value is to be determined
Returns
Long
the absolute value of the argument.

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public abs(a: Number) : Number

Returns the absolute value of a float value.

Returns the absolute value of a float value. If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned. Special cases:

  • If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, the result is positive zero.
  • If the argument is infinite, the result is positive infinity.
  • If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN.
In other words, the result is the same as the value of the expression:

Float.intBitsToFloat(0x7fffffff & Float.floatToIntBits(a))

Parameters
a
the argument whose absolute value is to be determined
Returns
Number
the absolute value of the argument.

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public abs(a: Double) : Double

Returns the absolute value of a double value.

Returns the absolute value of a double value. If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned. Special cases:

  • If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, the result is positive zero.
  • If the argument is infinite, the result is positive infinity.
  • If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN.
In other words, the result is the same as the value of the expression:

Double.longBitsToDouble((Double.doubleToLongBits(a)<<1)>>>1)

Parameters
a
the argument whose absolute value is to be determined
Returns
Double
the absolute value of the argument.

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public acos(a: Double) : Double

Returns the arc cosine of a value; the returned angle is in the range 0.0 through pi.

Returns the arc cosine of a value; the returned angle is in the range 0.0 through pi. Special case:

  • If the argument is NaN or its absolute value is greater than 1, then the result is NaN.

Parameters
a
the value whose arc cosine is to be returned.
Returns
Double
the arc cosine of the argument.

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public asin(a: Double) : Double

Returns the arc sine of a value; the returned angle is in the range -pi/2 through pi/2.

Returns the arc sine of a value; the returned angle is in the range -pi/2 through pi/2. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN or its absolute value is greater than 1, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.

Parameters
a
the value whose arc sine is to be returned.
Returns
Double
the arc sine of the argument.

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public atan(a: Double) : Double

Returns the arc tangent of a value; the returned angle is in the range -pi/2 through pi/2.

Returns the arc tangent of a value; the returned angle is in the range -pi/2 through pi/2. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.

Parameters
a
the value whose arc tangent is to be returned.
Returns
Double
the arc tangent of the argument.

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public atan2(x: Double, y: Double) : Double

Returns the angle theta from the conversion of rectangular coordinates (xy) to polar coordinates (r, theta).

Returns the angle theta from the conversion of rectangular coordinates (xy) to polar coordinates (r, theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of y/x in the range of -pi to pi. Special cases:

  • If either argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the first argument is positive zero and the second argument is positive, or the first argument is positive and finite and the second argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive zero.
  • If the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is positive, or the first argument is negative and finite and the second argument is positive infinity, then the result is negative zero.
  • If the first argument is positive zero and the second argument is negative, or the first argument is positive and finite and the second argument is negative infinity, then the result is the double value closest to pi.
  • If the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is negative, or the first argument is negative and finite and the second argument is negative infinity, then the result is the double value closest to -pi.
  • If the first argument is positive and the second argument is positive zero or negative zero, or the first argument is positive infinity and the second argument is finite, then the result is the double value closest to pi/2.
  • If the first argument is negative and the second argument is positive zero or negative zero, or the first argument is negative infinity and the second argument is finite, then the result is the double value closest to -pi/2.
  • If both arguments are positive infinity, then the result is the double value closest to pi/4.
  • If the first argument is positive infinity and the second argument is negative infinity, then the result is the double value closest to 3*pi/4.
  • If the first argument is negative infinity and the second argument is positive infinity, then the result is the double value closest to -pi/4.
  • If both arguments are negative infinity, then the result is the double value closest to -3*pi/4.

Parameters
x
the ordinate coordinate
y
the abscissa coordinate
Returns
Double
the <i>theta</i> component of the point (<i>r</i>,&nbsp;<i>theta</i>) in polar coordinates that corresponds to the point (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in Cartesian coordinates.

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public cbrt(a: Double) : Double

Returns the cube root of a double value.

Returns the cube root of a double value. For positive finite x, cbrt(-x) == -cbrt(x); that is, the cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root of that value's magnitude. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is infinite, then the result is an infinity with the same sign as the argument.
  • If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.

Parameters
a
a value.
Returns
Double
the cube root of <code>a</code>.

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public ceil(a: Double) : Double

Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) double value that is greater than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) double value that is greater than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. Special cases:

  • If the argument value is already equal to a mathematical integer, then the result is the same as the argument.
  • If the argument is NaN or an infinity or positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument.
  • If the argument value is less than zero but greater than -1.0, then the result is negative zero.
Note that the value of Math.ceil(x) is exactly the value of -Math.floor(-x).

Parameters
a
a value.
Returns
Double
the smallest (closest to negative infinity) floating-point value that is greater than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

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public cos(a: Double) : Double

Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.

Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the result is NaN.

Parameters
a
an angle, in radians.
Returns
Double
the cosine of the argument.

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public cosh(x: Double) : Double

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a double value.

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a double value. The hyperbolic cosine of x is defined to be (ex + e-x)/2 where e is Math#E Euler's number.

Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is infinite, then the result is positive infinity.
  • If the argument is zero, then the result is 1.0.

Parameters
x
The number whose hyperbolic cosine is to be returned.
Returns
Double
The hyperbolic cosine of <code>x</code>.

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public exp(a: Double) : Double

Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of a double value.

Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of a double value. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity.
  • If the argument is negative infinity, then the result is positive zero.

Parameters
a
the exponent to raise <i>e</i> to.
Returns
Double
the value <i>e</i><sup><code>a</code></sup>, where <i>e</i> is the base of the natural logarithms.

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public floor(a: Double) : Double

Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) double value that is less than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) double value that is less than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. Special cases:

  • If the argument value is already equal to a mathematical integer, then the result is the same as the argument.
  • If the argument is NaN or an infinity or positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument.

Parameters
a
a value.
Returns
Double
the largest (closest to positive infinity) floating-point value that less than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

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public log(a: Double) : Double

Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a double value.

Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a double value. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity.
  • If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the result is negative infinity.

Parameters
a
a value
Returns
Double
the value ln&nbsp;<code>a</code>, the natural logarithm of <code>a</code>.

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public log10(a: Double) : Double

Returns the base 10 logarithm of a double value.

Returns the base 10 logarithm of a double value. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity.
  • If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the result is negative infinity.
  • If the argument is equal to 10n for integer n, then the result is n.

Parameters
a
a value
Returns
Double
the base 10 logarithm of <code>a</code>.

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public max(a: Integer, b: Integer) : Integer

Returns the greater of two int values.

Returns the greater of two int values. That is, the result is the argument closer to the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value, the result is that same value.

See Also:
java.lang.Long#MAX_VALUE

Parameters
a
an argument.
b
another argument.
Returns
Integer
the larger of <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>.

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public max(a: Long, b: Long) : Long

Returns the greater of two long values.

Returns the greater of two long values. That is, the result is the argument closer to the value of Long.MAX_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value, the result is that same value.

See Also:
java.lang.Long#MAX_VALUE

Parameters
a
an argument.
b
another argument.
Returns
Long
the larger of <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>.

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public max(a: Number, b: Number) : Number

Returns the greater of two float values.

Returns the greater of two float values. That is, the result is the argument closer to positive infinity. If the arguments have the same value, the result is that same value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. If one argument is positive zero and the other negative zero, the result is positive zero.

Parameters
a
an argument.
b
another argument.
Returns
Number
the larger of <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>.

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public max(a: Double, b: Double) : Double

Returns the greater of two double values.

Returns the greater of two double values. That is, the result is the argument closer to positive infinity. If the arguments have the same value, the result is that same value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. If one argument is positive zero and the other negative zero, the result is positive zero.

Parameters
a
an argument.
b
another argument.
Returns
Double
the larger of <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>.

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public min(a: Integer, b: Integer) : Integer

Returns the smaller of two int values.

Returns the smaller of two int values. That is, the result the argument closer to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value, the result is that same value.

See Also:
java.lang.Long#MIN_VALUE

Parameters
a
an argument.
b
another argument.
Returns
Integer
the smaller of <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>.

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public min(a: Long, b: Long) : Long

Returns the smaller of two long values.

Returns the smaller of two long values. That is, the result is the argument closer to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE. If the arguments have the same value, the result is that same value.

See Also:
java.lang.Long#MIN_VALUE

Parameters
a
an argument.
b
another argument.
Returns
Long
the smaller of <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>.

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public min(a: Number, b: Number) : Number

Returns the smaller of two float values.

Returns the smaller of two float values. That is, the result is the value closer to negative infinity. If the arguments have the same value, the result is that same value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. If one argument is positive zero and the other is negative zero, the result is negative zero.

Parameters
a
an argument.
b
another argument.
Returns
Number
the smaller of <code>a</code> and <code>b.</code>

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public min(a: Double, b: Double) : Double

Returns the smaller of two double values.

Returns the smaller of two double values. That is, the result is the value closer to negative infinity. If the arguments have the same value, the result is that same value. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. If one argument is positive zero and the other is negative zero, the result is negative zero.

Parameters
a
an argument.
b
another argument.
Returns
Double
the smaller of <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>.

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public pow(a: Double, b: Double) : Double

Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second argument.

Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second argument. Special cases:

  • If the second argument is positive or negative zero, then the result is 1.0.
  • If the second argument is 1.0, then the result is the same as the first argument.
  • If the second argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the first argument is NaN and the second argument is nonzero, then the result is NaN.
  • If
    • the absolute value of the first argument is greater than 1 and the second argument is positive infinity, or
    • the absolute value of the first argument is less than 1 and the second argument is negative infinity,
    then the result is positive infinity.
  • If
    • the absolute value of the first argument is greater than 1 and the second argument is negative infinity, or
    • the absolute value of the first argument is less than 1 and the second argument is positive infinity,
    then the result is positive zero.
  • If the absolute value of the first argument equals 1 and the second argument is infinite, then the result is NaN.
  • If
    • the first argument is positive zero and the second argument is greater than zero, or
    • the first argument is positive infinity and the second argument is less than zero,
    then the result is positive zero.
  • If
    • the first argument is positive zero and the second argument is less than zero, or
    • the first argument is positive infinity and the second argument is greater than zero,
    then the result is positive infinity.
  • If
    • the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is greater than zero but not a finite odd integer, or
    • the first argument is negative infinity and the second argument is less than zero but not a finite odd integer,
    then the result is positive zero.
  • If
    • the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is a positive finite odd integer, or
    • the first argument is negative infinity and the second argument is a negative finite odd integer,
    then the result is negative zero.
  • If
    • the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is less than zero but not a finite odd integer, or
    • the first argument is negative infinity and the second argument is greater than zero but not a finite odd integer,
    then the result is positive infinity.
  • If
    • the first argument is negative zero and the second argument is a negative finite odd integer, or
    • the first argument is negative infinity and the second argument is a positive finite odd integer,
    then the result is negative infinity.
  • If the first argument is finite and less than zero
    • if the second argument is a finite even integer, the result is equal to the result of raising the absolute value of the first argument to the power of the second argument
    • if the second argument is a finite odd integer, the result is equal to the negative of the result of raising the absolute value of the first argument to the power of the second argument
    • if the second argument is finite and not an integer, then the result is NaN.
  • If both arguments are integers, then the result is exactly equal to the mathematical result of raising the first argument to the power of the second argument if that result can in fact be represented exactly as a double value.

(In the foregoing descriptions, a floating-point value is considered to be an integer if and only if it is finite and a fixed point of the method <tt>ceil</tt> or, equivalently, a fixed point of the method <tt>floor</tt>. A value is a fixed point of a one-argument method if and only if the result of applying the method to the value is equal to the value.)

Parameters
a
the base.
b
the exponent.
Returns
Double
the value <code>a<sup>b</sup></code>.

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public random() : Double

Returns a double value with a positive sign, greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.

Returns a double value with a positive sign, greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. Returned values are chosen pseudorandomly with (approximately) uniform distribution from that range.

When this method is first called, it creates a single new pseudorandom-number generator, exactly as if by the expression

new java.util.Random
This new pseudorandom-number generator is used thereafter for all calls to this method and is used nowhere else.

This method is properly synchronized to allow correct use by more than one thread. However, if many threads need to generate pseudorandom numbers at a great rate, it may reduce contention for each thread to have its own pseudorandom-number generator.

See Also:
java.util.Random#nextDouble()

Returns
Double
a pseudorandom <code>double</code> greater than or equal to <code>0.0</code> and less than <code>1.0</code>.

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public round(a: Double) : Long

Returns the closest long to the argument.

Returns the closest long to the argument. The result is rounded to an integer by adding 1/2, taking the floor of the result, and casting the result to type long. In other words, the result is equal to the value of the expression:

(long)Math.floor(a + 0.5d)

Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, the result is 0.
  • If the argument is negative infinity or any value less than or equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE.
  • If the argument is positive infinity or any value greater than or equal to the value of Long.MAX_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Long.MAX_VALUE.

See Also:
java.lang.Long#MAX_VALUE, java.lang.Long#MIN_VALUE

Parameters
a
a floating-point value to be rounded to a <code>long</code>.
Returns
Long
the value of the argument rounded to the nearest <code>long</code> value.

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public round(a: Number) : Integer

Returns the closest int to the argument.

Returns the closest int to the argument. The result is rounded to an integer by adding 1/2, taking the floor of the result, and casting the result to type int. In other words, the result is equal to the value of the expression:

(int)Math.floor(a + 0.5f)

Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, the result is 0.
  • If the argument is negative infinity or any value less than or equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE.
  • If the argument is positive infinity or any value greater than or equal to the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE.

See Also:
java.lang.Integer#MAX_VALUE, java.lang.Integer#MIN_VALUE

Parameters
a
a floating-point value to be rounded to an integer.
Returns
Integer
the value of the argument rounded to the nearest <code>int</code> value.

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public signum(a: Double) : Double

Returns the signum function of the argument; zero if the argument is zero, 1.0 if the argument is greater than zero, -1.0 if the argument is less than zero.

Returns the signum function of the argument; zero if the argument is zero, 1.0 if the argument is greater than zero, -1.0 if the argument is less than zero.

Special Cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument.

Parameters
a
the floating-point value whose signum is to be returned
Returns
Double
the signum function of the argument

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public signum(a: Number) : Number

Returns the signum function of the argument; zero if the argument is zero, 1.0f if the argument is greater than zero, -1.0f if the argument is less than zero.

Returns the signum function of the argument; zero if the argument is zero, 1.0f if the argument is greater than zero, -1.0f if the argument is less than zero.

Special Cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument.

Parameters
a
the floating-point value whose signum is to be returned
Returns
Number
the signum function of the argument

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public sin(a: Double) : Double

Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.

Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.

Parameters
a
an angle, in radians.
Returns
Double
the sine of the argument.

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public sinh(x: Double) : Double

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a double value.

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a double value. The hyperbolic sine of x is defined to be (ex - e-x)/2 where e is Math#E Euler's number.

Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is infinite, then the result is an infinity with the same sign as the argument.
  • If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.

Parameters
x
The number whose hyperbolic sine is to be returned.
Returns
Double
The hyperbolic sine of <code>x</code>.

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public sqrt(a: Double) : Double

Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of a double value.

Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of a double value. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN or less than zero, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is positive infinity.
  • If the argument is positive zero or negative zero, then the result is the same as the argument.
Otherwise, the result is the double value closest to the true mathematical square root of the argument value.

Parameters
a
a value.
Returns
Double
the positive square root of <code>a</code>. If the argument is NaN or less than zero, the result is NaN.

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public tan(a: Double) : Double

Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle.

Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle. Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.

Parameters
a
an angle, in radians.
Returns
Double
the tangent of the argument.

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public tanh(x: Double) : Double

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a double value.

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a double value. The hyperbolic tangent of x is defined to be (ex - e-x)/(ex + e-x), in other words, Math#sinh sinh(<i>x</i>)/Math#cosh cosh(<i>x</i>). Note that the absolute value of the exact tanh is always less than 1.

Special cases:

  • If the argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.
  • If the argument is positive infinity, then the result is +1.0.
  • If the argument is negative infinity, then the result is -1.0.

Parameters
x
The number whose hyperbolic tangent is to be returned.
Returns
Double
The hyperbolic tangent of <code>x</code>.

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public toDegrees(angrad: Double) : Double

Converts an angle measured in radians to an approximately equivalent angle measured in degrees.

Converts an angle measured in radians to an approximately equivalent angle measured in degrees. The conversion from radians to degrees is generally inexact; users should not expect cos(toRadians(90.0)) to exactly equal 0.0.

Parameters
angrad
an angle, in radians
Returns
Double
the measurement of the angle <code>angrad</code> in degrees.

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public toRadians(angdeg: Double) : Double

Converts an angle measured in degrees to an approximately equivalent angle measured in radians.

Converts an angle measured in degrees to an approximately equivalent angle measured in radians. The conversion from degrees to radians is generally inexact.

Parameters
angdeg
an angle, in degrees
Returns
Double
the measurement of the angle <code>angdeg</code> in radians.

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Inherited Functions