10.1.10.5. The `utf8` Character Set (3-Byte UTF-8 UnicodeEncoding)

UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format with 8-bit units) is an alternative way to store Unicode data. It is implemented according to RFC 3629, which describes encoding sequences that take from one to four bytes. (An older standard for UTF-8 encoding, RFC 2279, describes UTF-8 sequences that take from one to six bytes. RFC 3629 renders RFC 2279 obsolete; for this reason, sequences with five and six bytes are no longer used.)

The idea of UTF-8 is that various Unicode characters are encoded using byte sequences of different lengths:

Basic Latin letters, digits, and punctuation signs use one byte.
Most European and Middle East script letters fit into a 2-byte sequence: extended Latin letters (with tilde, macron, acute, grave and other accents), Cyrillic, Greek, Armenian, Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, and others.
Korean, Chinese, and Japanese ideographs use 3-byte or 4-byte sequences.

The utf8 character set is the same in MySQL 5.7 as before 5.7 and has exactly the same characteristics:

No support for supplementary characters (BMP characters only).
A maximum of three bytes per multi-byte character.

Exactly the same set of characters is available in utf8 as in ucs2. That is, they have the same repertoire.

10.1.10.5. The utf8 Character Set (3-Byte UTF-8 UnicodeEncoding)

10.1.10.5. The `utf8` Character Set (3-Byte UTF-8 UnicodeEncoding)