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10.2 RMI Transport Protocol

The wire format for RMI is represented by a Stream. The terminology adopted here reflects a client perspective. Out refers to output messages and In refers to input messages. The contents of the transport header are not formatted using object serialization.

Stream:

Out

In

The input and output streams used by RMI are paired. Each Out stream has a corresponding In stream. An Out stream in the grammar maps to the output stream of a socket (from the client's perspective). An In stream (in the grammar) is paired with the corresponding socket's input stream. Since output and input streams are paired, the only header information needed on an input stream is an acknowledgment as to whether the protocol is understood; other header information (such as the magic number and version number) can be implied by the context of stream pairing.

10.2.1 Format of an Output Stream

An output stream in RMI consists of transport Header information followed by a sequence of Messages. Alternatively, an output stream can contain an invocation embedded in the HTTP protocol.

Out:

Header Messages
HttpMessage

Header:

0x4a 0x52 0x4d 0x49 Version Protocol

Version:

0x00 0x01

Protocol:

StreamProtocol
SingleOpProtocol
MultiplexProtocol

StreamProtocol:

0x4b

SingleOpProtocol:

0x4c

MultiplexProtocol:

0x4d

Messages:

Message
Messages Message

The Messages are wrapped within a particular protocol as specified by Protocol. For the SingleOpProtocol, there may only be one Message after the Header, and there is no additional data that the Message is wrapped in. The SingleOpProtocol is used for invocation embedded in HTTP requests, where interaction beyond a single request and response is not possible.

For the StreamProtocol and the MultiplexProtocol, the server must respond with a a byte 0x4e acknowledging support for the protocol, and an EndpointIdentifier that contains the host name and port number that the server can see is being used by the client. The client can use this information to determine its host name if it is otherwise unable to do that for security reasons. The client must then respond with another EndpointIdentifier that contains the client's default endpoint for accepting connections. This can be used by a server in the MultiplexProtocol case to identify the client.

For the StreamProtocol, after this endpoint negotiation, the Messages are sent over the output stream without any additional wrapping of the data. For the MultiplexProtocol, the socket connection is used as the concrete connection for a multiplexed connection, as described in Section 10.6, "RMI's Multiplexing Protocol." Virtual connections initiated over this multiplexed connection consist of a series of Messages as described below.

There are three types of output messages: Call, Ping and DgcAck. A Call encodes a method invocation. A Ping is a transport-level message for testing liveness of a remote virtual machine. A DGCAck is an acknowledgment directed to a server's distributed garbage collector that indicates that remote objects in a return value from a server have been received by the client.

Message:

Call
Ping
DgcAck

Call:

0x50 CallData

Ping:

0x52

DgcAck:

0x54 UniqueIdentifier

10.2.2 Format of an Input Stream

There are currently three types of input messages: ReturnData, HttpReturn and PingAck. ReturnData is the result of a "normal" RMI call. An HttpReturn is a return result from an invocation embedded in the HTTP protocol. A PingAck is the acknowledgment for a Ping message.

In:

ProtocolAck Returns
ProtocolNotSupported
HttpReturn

ProtocolAck:

0x4e

ProtocolNotSupported:

0x4f

Returns:

Return
Returns Return

Return:

ReturnData
PingAck

ReturnData:

0x51 ReturnValue

PingAck:

0x53