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COL(1)                    BSD General Commands Manual                   COL(1)

NAME
     col -- filter reverse line feeds from input

SYNOPSIS
     col [-bfhpx] [-l num]

DESCRIPTION
     The col utility filters out reverse (and half reverse) line feeds so that the output is in the correct
     order with only forward and half forward line feeds, and replaces white-space characters with tabs
     where possible.  This can be useful in processing the output of nroff(1) and tbl(1).

     The col utility reads from the standard input and writes to the standard output.

     The options are as follows:

     -b      Do not output any backspaces, printing only the last character written to each column position.

     -f      Forward half line feeds are permitted (``fine'' mode).  Normally characters printed on a half
             line boundary are printed on the following line.

     -h      Do not output multiple spaces instead of tabs (default).

     -l num  Buffer at least num lines in memory.  By default, 128 lines are buffered.

     -p      Force unknown control sequences to be passed through unchanged.  Normally, col will filter out
             any control sequences from the input other than those recognized and interpreted by itself,
             which are listed below.

     -x      Output multiple spaces instead of tabs.

     The control sequences for carriage motion that col understands and their decimal values are listed in
     the following table:

     ESC-7            reverse line feed (escape then 7)
     ESC-8            half reverse line feed (escape then 8)
     ESC-9            half forward line feed (escape then 9)
     backspace        moves back one column (8); ignored in the first column
     carriage return  (13)
     newline          forward line feed (10); also does carriage return
     shift in         shift to normal character set (15)
     shift out        shift to alternate character set (14)
     space            moves forward one column (32)
     tab              moves forward to next tab stop (9)
     vertical tab     reverse line feed (11)

     All unrecognized control characters and escape sequences are discarded.

     The col utility keeps track of the character set as characters are read and makes sure the character
     set is correct when they are output.

     If the input attempts to back up to the last flushed line, col will display a warning message.

ENVIRONMENT
     The LANG, LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE environment variables affect the execution of col as described in
     environ(7).

EXIT STATUS
     The col utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

SEE ALSO
     colcrt(1), expand(1), nroff(1), tbl(1)

STANDARDS
     The col utility conforms to Version 2 of the Single UNIX Specification (``SUSv2'').

HISTORY
     A col command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.

BSD                             August 4, 2004                             BSD