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CP(1)                     BSD General Commands Manual                    CP(1)

NAME
     cp -- copy files

SYNOPSIS
     cp [-R [-H | -L | -P]] [-fi | -n] [-apvX] source_file target_file
     cp [-R [-H | -L | -P]] [-fi | -n] [-apvX] source_file ... target_directory

DESCRIPTION
     In the first synopsis form, the cp utility copies the contents of the source_file to the target_file.
     In the second synopsis form, the contents of each named source_file is copied to the destination
     target_directory.  The names of the files themselves are not changed.  If cp detects an attempt to copy
     a file to itself, the copy will fail.

     The following options are available:

     -a    Same as -pPR options. Preserves structure and attributes of files but not directory structure.

     -f    If the destination file cannot be opened, remove it and create a new file, without prompting for
           confirmation regardless of its permissions.  (The -f option overrides any previous -n option.)

           The target file is not unlinked before the copy.  Thus, any existing access rights will be
           retained.

     -H    If the -R option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed.  (Symbolic links
           encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)

     -i    Cause cp to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file that would over-write overwrite
           write an existing file.  If the response from the standard input begins with the character `y' or
           `Y', the file copy is attempted.  (The -i option overrides any previous -n option.)

     -L    If the -R option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.

     -n    Do not overwrite an existing file.  (The -n option overrides any previous -f or -i options.)

     -P    If the -R option is specified, no symbolic links are followed.  This is the default.

     -p    Cause cp to preserve the following attributes of each source file in the copy: modification time,
           access time, file flags, file mode, user ID, and group ID, as allowed by permissions.  Access
           Control Lists (ACLs) and Extended Attributes (EAs), including resource forks, will also be pre-served. preserved.
           served.

           If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message is displayed and the exit value
           is not altered.

           If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on and the user ID cannot be preserved, the set-user-ID set-userID
           ID bit is not preserved in the copy's permissions.  If the source file has its set-group-ID bit
           on and the group ID cannot be preserved, the set-group-ID bit is not preserved in the copy's per-missions. permissions.
           missions.  If the source file has both its set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits on, and either the
           user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither the set-user-ID nor set-group-ID bits are pre-served preserved
           served in the copy's permissions.

     -R    If source_file designates a directory, cp copies the directory and the entire subtree connected
           at that point.  If the source_file ends in a /, the contents of the directory are copied rather
           than the directory itself.  This option also causes symbolic links to be copied, rather than
           indirected through, and for cp to create special files rather than copying them as normal files.
           Created directories have the same mode as the corresponding source directory, unmodified by the
           process' umask.

           In -R mode, cp will continue copying even if errors are detected.

           Note that cp copies hard-linked files as separate files.  If you need to preserve hard links,
           consider using tar(1), cpio(1), or pax(1) instead.

     -v    Cause cp to be verbose, showing files as they are copied.

     -X    Do not copy Extended Attributes (EAs) or resource forks.

     For each destination file that already exists, its contents are overwritten if permissions allow.  Its
     mode, user ID, and group ID are unchanged unless the -p option was specified.

     In the second synopsis form, target_directory must exist unless there is only one named source_file
     which is a directory and the -R flag is specified.

     If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is used as modified by the file
     mode creation mask (umask, see csh(1)).  If the source file has its set-user-ID bit on, that bit is
     removed unless both the source file and the destination file are owned by the same user.  If the source
     file has its set-group-ID bit on, that bit is removed unless both the source file and the destination
     file are in the same group and the user is a member of that group.  If both the set-user-ID and set-group-ID setgroup-ID
     group-ID bits are set, all of the above conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed.

     Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting.

     Symbolic links are always followed unless the -R flag is set, in which case symbolic links are not fol-lowed, followed,
     lowed, by default.  The -H or -L flags (in conjunction with the -R flag) cause symbolic links to be
     followed as described above.  The -H, -L and -P options are ignored unless the -R option is specified.
     In addition, these options override each other and the command's actions are determined by the last one
     specified.

     If cp receives a SIGINFO (see the status argument for stty(1)) signal, the current input and output
     file and the percentage complete will be written to the standard output.

EXIT STATUS
     The cp utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

COMPATIBILITY
     Historic versions of the cp utility had a -r option.  This implementation supports that option; how-ever, however,
     ever, its use is strongly discouraged, as it does not correctly copy special files, symbolic links, or
     fifo's.

     The -v and -n options are non-standard and their use in scripts is not recommended.

LEGACY DESCRIPTION
     In legacy mode, -f will override -i.  Also, under the -f option, the target file is always unlinked
     before the copy.  Thus, new access rights will always be set.

     In -R mode, copying will terminate if an error is encountered.

     For more information about legacy mode, see compat(5).

SEE ALSO
     mv(1), rcp(1), umask(2), fts(3), compat(5), symlink(7)

STANDARDS
     The cp command is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 (``POSIX.2'') compatible.

HISTORY
     A cp command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

BSD                            February 23, 2005                           BSD