|
|
Эта страница руководства для версии 10.9 Mac OS XЕсли Вы выполняете различную версию Mac OS X, просматриваете документацию локально:
Читать страницы руководстваСтраницы руководства предназначаются как справочник для людей, уже понимающих технологию.
|
EMACS(1) EMACS(1)
NAME
emacs - GNU project Emacs
SYNOPSIS
emacs [ command-line switches ] [ files ... ]
DESCRIPTION
GNU Emacs is a version of Emacs, written by the author of the original (PDP-10) Emacs, Richard Stall-man. Stallman.
man.
The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual, which you can read using Info,
either from Emacs or as a standalone program. Please look there for complete and up-to-date documen-tation. documentation.
tation. This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the Emacs maintainers' pri-ority priority
ority goal is to minimize the amount of time this man page takes away from other more useful
projects.
The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses everything other Emacs editors do, and it is easily
extensible since its editing commands are written in Lisp.
Emacs has an extensive interactive help facility, but the facility assumes that you know how to
manipulate Emacs windows and buffers. CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility. Help Tutorial (CTRL-h
t) starts an interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the fundamentals of Emacs in a few min-utes. minutes.
utes. Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you find a command given its functionality, Help Character
(CTRL-h c) describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f) describes a given Lisp
function specified by name.
Emacs's Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is easy to recover from
editing mistakes.
GNU Emacs's many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail), outline editing
(Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells within Emacs windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print readeval-print
eval-print loop (Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more.
There is an extensive reference manual, but users of other Emacses should have little trouble adapt-ing adapting
ing even without a copy. Users new to Emacs will be able to use basic features fairly rapidly by
studying the tutorial and using the self-documentation features.
Emacs Options
The following options are of general interest:
file Edit file.
+number Go to the line specified by number (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and the num-ber). number).
ber). This applies only to the next file specified.
+line:column
Go to the specified line and column
-q Do not load an init file.
-no-site-file
Do not load the site-wide startup file.
-debug-init
Enable Emacs Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file ~/.emacs. This is
useful for debugging problems in the init file.
-u user Load user's init file.
-t file Use specified file as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout. This must be the first
argument specified in the command line.
-version
Display Emacs version information and exit.
The following options are lisp-oriented (these options are processed in the order encountered):
-f function
Execute the lisp function function.
-l file Load the lisp code in the file file.
-eval expr
Evaluate the Lisp expression expr.
The following options are useful when running Emacs as a batch editor:
-batch Edit in batch mode. The editor will send messages to stderr. This option must be the first
in the argument list. You must use -l and -f options to specify files to execute and func-tions functions
tions to call.
-kill Exit Emacs while in batch mode.
-L directory
Add directory to the list of directories Emacs searches for Lisp files.
Using Emacs with X
Emacs has been tailored to work well with the X window system. If you run Emacs from under X win-dows, windows,
dows, it will create its own X window to display in. You will probably want to start the editor as a
background process so that you can continue using your original window.
Emacs can be started with the following X switches:
-name name
Specifies the name which should be assigned to the initial Emacs window. This controls look-ing looking
ing up X resources as well as the window title.
-title name
Specifies the title for the initial X window.
-r Display the Emacs window in reverse video.
-font font, -fn font
Set the Emacs window's font to that specified by font. You will find the various X fonts in
the /usr/lib/X11/fonts directory. Note that Emacs will only accept fixed width fonts. Under
the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the value "m" or "c" in the eleventh
field of the font name is a fixed width font. Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form
widthxheight are generally fixed width, as is the font fixed. See xlsfonts(1) for more
information.
When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the switch and the font name.
-bw pixels
Set the Emacs window's border width to the number of pixels specified by pixels. Defaults to
one pixel on each side of the window.
-ib pixels
Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified by pixels. Defaults
to one pixel of padding on each side of the window.
--geometry geometry
Set the Emacs window's width, height, and position as specified. The geometry specification
is in the standard X format; see X(1) for more information. The width and height are speci-fied specified
fied in characters; the default is 80 by 24. See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Win-dow Window
dow Size and Position", for information on how window sizes interact with selecting or dese-lecting deselecting
lecting the tool bar and menu bar.
-fg color
On color displays, sets the color of the text.
Use the command M-x list-colors-display for a list of valid color names.
-bg color
On color displays, sets the color of the window's background.
-bd color
On color displays, sets the color of the window's border.
-cr color
On color displays, sets the color of the window's text cursor.
-ms color
On color displays, sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
-d displayname, -display displayname
Create the Emacs window on the display specified by displayname. Must be the first option
specified in the command line.
-nw Tells Emacs not to use its special interface to X. If you use this switch when invoking
Emacs from an xterm(1) window, display is done in that window.
You can set X default values for your Emacs windows in your .Xresources file (see xrdb(1)). Use the
following format:
emacs.keyword:value
where value specifies the default value of keyword. Emacs lets you set default values for the fol-lowing following
lowing keywords:
font (class Font)
Sets the window's text font.
reverseVideo (class ReverseVideo)
If reverseVideo's value is set to on, the window will be displayed in reverse video.
bitmapIcon (class BitmapIcon)
If bitmapIcon's value is set to on, the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink."
borderWidth (class BorderWidth)
Sets the window's border width in pixels.
internalBorder (class BorderWidth)
Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
foreground (class Foreground)
For color displays, sets the window's text color.
background (class Background)
For color displays, sets the window's background color.
borderColor (class BorderColor)
For color displays, sets the color of the window's border.
cursorColor (class Foreground)
For color displays, sets the color of the window's text cursor.
pointerColor (class Foreground)
For color displays, sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
geometry (class Geometry)
Sets the geometry of the Emacs window (as described above).
title (class Title)
Sets the title of the Emacs window.
iconName (class Title)
Sets the icon name for the Emacs window icon.
If you try to set color values while using a black and white display, the window's characteristics
will default as follows: the foreground color will be set to black, the background color will be set
to white, the border color will be set to grey, and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black.
Using the Mouse
The following lists the mouse button bindings for the Emacs window under X11.
MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION
left Set point.
middle Paste text.
right Cut text into X cut buffer.
SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer.
SHIFT-right Paste text.
CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it.
CTRL-right Select this window, then split it into two windows.
Same as typing CTRL-x 2.
CTRL-SHIFT-left X buffer menu -- hold the buttons and keys down, wait
for menu to appear, select buffer, and release. Move
mouse out of menu and release to cancel.
CTRL-SHIFT-middle X help menu -- pop up index card menu for Emacs help.
CTRL-SHIFT-right Select window with mouse, and delete all other win-dows. windows.
dows. Same as typing CTRL-x 1.
MANUALS
You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free Software Foundation, which devel-ops develops
ops GNU software. See the file ORDERS for ordering information.
Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. As with all software and publications
from FSF, everyone is permitted to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. The TeX source to
the manual is also included in the Emacs source distribution.
FILES
/usr/local/share/info - files for the Info documentation browser. The complete text of the Emacs
reference manual is included in a convenient tree structured form. Also includes the Emacs Lisp Ref-erence Reference
erence Manual, useful to anyone wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language.
/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp - Lisp source files and compiled files that define most editing
commands. Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when used.
/usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH - various programs that are used with GNU Emacs.
/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc - various files of information.
/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* - contains the documentation strings for the Lisp primi-tives primitives
tives and preloaded Lisp functions of GNU Emacs. They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs
proper.
/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering various services to assist users of
GNU Emacs, including education, troubleshooting, porting and customization.
BUGS
There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs bugs and fixes. But before
reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding
or a deliberate feature. We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the end of the
reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and when to report bugs. Also, include the ver-sion version
sion number of the Emacs you are running in every bug report that you send in.
Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed
for everyone in the next release, if possible. For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file
(see above) for a list of people who offer it.
Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list. For more information about Emacs
mailing lists, see the file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. Bugs tend actually to be fixed if
they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be easily
reproduced.
UNRESTRICTIONS
Emacs is free; anyone may redistribute copies of Emacs to anyone under the terms stated in the Emacs
General Public License, a copy of which accompanies each copy of Emacs and which also appears in the
reference manual.
Copies of Emacs may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems, but it is
never included in the scope of any license covering those systems. Such inclusion violates the terms
on which distribution is permitted. In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to
prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to redistribution of Emacs.
Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend Emacs, and urges that you contribute your
extensions to the GNU library. Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement for
Unix. Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system.
SEE ALSO
emacsclient(1), etags(1), X(1), xlsfonts(1), xterm(1), xrdb(1)
AUTHORS
Emacs was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. Joachim Martillo and Robert
Krawitz added the X features.
COPYING
Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this document provided the copyright
notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this document under the conditions
for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms
of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this document into another language,
under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in
a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
GNU Emacs 22.1 2007 April 13 EMACS(1)
|
Сообщение о проблемах
Способ сообщить о проблеме с этой страницей руководства зависит от типа проблемы:
- Ошибки содержания
- Ошибки отчета в содержании этой документации со ссылками на отзыв ниже.
- Отчеты об ошибках
- Сообщите об ошибках в функциональности описанного инструмента или API через Генератор отчетов Ошибки.
- Форматирование проблем
- Отчет, форматирующий ошибки в интерактивной версии этих страниц со ссылками на отзыв ниже.