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FUSER(P)                                  POSIX Programmer's Manual                                 FUSER(P)



NAME
       fuser - list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open

SYNOPSIS
       fuser [ -cfu ] file ...

DESCRIPTION
       The  fuser  utility  shall write to standard output the process IDs of processes running on the local
       system that have one or more named files open. For block special devices,  all  processes  using  any
       file on that device are listed.

       The fuser utility shall write to standard error additional information about the named files indicat-ing indicating
       ing how the file is being used.

       Any output for processes running on remote systems that have a named file open is unspecified.

       A user may need appropriate privilege to invoke the fuser utility.

OPTIONS
       The fuser utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2,
       Utility Syntax Guidelines.

       The following options shall be supported:

       -c     The  file  is  treated  as a mount point and the utility shall report on any files open in the
              file system.

       -f     The report shall be only for the named files.

       -u     The user name, in parentheses, associated with each process  ID  written  to  standard  output
              shall be written to standard error.


OPERANDS
       The following operand shall be supported:

       file   A pathname on which the file or file system is to be reported.


STDIN
       Not used.

INPUT FILES
       The user database.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of fuser:

       LANG   Provide  a  default  value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See
              the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2,  Internationalization  Vari-ables Variables
              ables  for  the  precedence  of internationalization variables used to determine the values of
              locale categories.)

       LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other  internationalization
              variables.

       LC_CTYPE
              Determine  the  locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters
              (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

       LC_MESSAGES
              Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic  mes-sages messages
              sages written to standard error.

       NLSPATH
              Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES .


ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       Default.

STDOUT
       The  fuser utility shall write the process ID for each process using each file given as an operand to
       standard output in the following format:


              "%d", <process_id>

STDERR
       The fuser utility shall write diagnostic messages to standard error.

       The fuser utility also shall write the following to standard error:

        * The pathname of each named file is written followed immediately by a colon.


        * For each process ID written to standard output, the character 'c' shall  be  written  to  standard
          error  if  the  process  is using the file as its current directory and the character 'r' shall be
          written to standard error if the process is using the file as its root directory.  Implementations
          may write other alphabetic characters to indicate other uses of files.


        * When the -u option is specified, characters indicating the use of the file shall be followed imme-diately immediately
          diately by the user name, in parentheses, corresponding to the process' real user ID.  If the user
          name cannot be resolved from the process' real user ID, the process' real user ID shall be written
          instead of the user name.


       When standard output and standard error are directed to the same file, the  output  shall  be  inter-leaved interleaved
       leaved so that the filename appears at the start of each line, followed by the process ID and charac-ters characters
       ters indicating the use of the file. Then, if the -u option is specified, the user name  or  user  ID
       for each process using that file shall be written.

       A  <newline>  shall  be written to standard error after the last output described above for each file
       operand.

OUTPUT FILES
       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       None.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values shall be returned:

        0     Successful completion.

       >0     An error occurred.


CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       Default.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       None.

EXAMPLES
       The command:


              fuser -fu .

       writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that  are  using  the  current  directory  and
       writes  to  standard  error an indication of how those processes are using the directory and the user
       names associated with the processes that are using the current directory.

RATIONALE
       The definition of the fuser utility follows existing practice.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       None.

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edi-tion, Edition,
       tion,  Standard  for  Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open
       Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical  and  Elec-tronics Electronics
       tronics  Engineers,  Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and
       the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard  is  the
       referee   document.   The   original   Standard   can   be   obtained   online   at  http://www .open-
       group.org/unix/online.html .



IEEE/The Open Group                                 2003                                            FUSER(P)