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GIT-BUNDLE(1)                                    Git Manual                                    GIT-BUNDLE(1)



NAME
       git-bundle - Move objects and refs by archive

SYNOPSIS
       git bundle create <file> <git-rev-list-args>
       git bundle verify <file>
       git bundle list-heads <file> [<refname>...]
       git bundle unbundle <file> [<refname>...]


DESCRIPTION
       Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one machine be replicated on
       another machine, but the two machines cannot be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git
       protocols (git, ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for git fetch and git
       pull to operate by packaging objects and references in an archive at the originating machine, then
       importing those into another repository using git fetch and git pull after moving the archive by some
       means (e.g., by sneakernet). As no direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must
       specify a basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the bundle assumes that
       all objects in the basis are already in the destination repository.

OPTIONS
       create <file>
           Used to create a bundle named file. This requires the git-rev-list-args arguments to define the
           bundle contents.

       verify <file>
           Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply cleanly to the current repository. This
           includes checks on the bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite commits
           exist and are fully linked in the current repository.  git bundle prints a list of missing
           commits, if any, and exits with a non-zero status.

       list-heads <file>
           Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a list of references, only references
           matching those given are printed out.

       unbundle <file>
           Passes the objects in the bundle to git index-pack for storage in the repository, then prints the
           names of all defined references. If a list of references is given, only references matching those
           in the list are printed. This command is really plumbing, intended to be called only by git
           fetch.

       <git-rev-list-args>
           A list of arguments, acceptable to git rev-parse and git rev-list (and containing a named ref,
           see SPECIFYING REFERENCES below), that specifies the specific objects and references to
           transport. For example, master~10..master causes the current master reference to be packaged
           along with all objects added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit limit to the
           number of references and objects that may be packaged.

       [<refname>...]
           A list of references used to limit the references reported as available. This is principally of
           use to git fetch, which expects to receive only those references asked for and not necessarily
           everything in the pack (in this case, git bundle acts like git fetch-pack).

SPECIFYING REFERENCES
       git bundle will only package references that are shown by git show-ref: this includes heads, tags,
       and remote heads. References such as master~1 cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
       defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one basis can be
       specified. The objects packaged are those not contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis
       can be specified explicitly (e.g. ^master~10), or implicitly (e.g. master~10..master,
       --since=10.days.ago master).

       It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination. It is okay to err on the side of
       caution, causing the bundle file to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored
       when unpacking at the destination.

EXAMPLE
       Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A to another repository R2 on
       machine B. For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed, but we can move
       data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.). We want to update R2 with development made on
       the branch master in R1.

       To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have any basis. You can use a
       tag to remember up to what commit you last processed, in order to make it easy to later update the
       other repository with an incremental bundle:

           machineA$ cd R1
           machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
           machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master


       Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this bundle does not require any
       existing object to be extracted, you can create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:

           machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2


       This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that lets you fetch and pull
       from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will have an entry like this:

           [remote "origin"]
               url = /home/me/tmp/file.bundle
               fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*


       To update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after replacing the bundle stored
       at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental updates.

       After working some more in the original repository, you can create an incremental bundle to update
       the other repository:

           machineA$ cd R1
           machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master
           machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master


       You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace /home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from
       it.

           machineB$ cd R2
           machineB$ git pull


       If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should have the necessary objects,
       you can use that knowledge to specify the basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and
       objects that go in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag for this
       purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to the git-log(1) command. Here are
       more examples:

       You can use a tag that is present in both:

           $ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master


       You can use a basis based on time:

           $ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master


       You can use the number of commits:

           $ git bundle create mybundle -10 master


       You can run git-bundle verify to see if you can extract from a bundle that was created with a basis:

           $ git bundle verify mybundle


       This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the bundle and will error out if
       you do not have them.

       A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a regular repository which it
       fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map references when fetching:

           $ git fetch mybundle master:localRef


       You can also see what references it offers:

           $ git ls-remote mybundle


GIT
       Part of the git(1) suite



Git 1.8.3                                        05/24/2013                                    GIT-BUNDLE(1)