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GIT-UPDATE-INDEX(1)                              Git Manual                              GIT-UPDATE-INDEX(1)



NAME
       git-update-index - Register file contents in the working tree to the index

SYNOPSIS
       git update-index
                    [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
                    [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
                    [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
                    [--chmod=(+|-)x]
                    [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
                    [--[no-]skip-worktree]
                    [--ignore-submodules]
                    [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
                    [--info-only] [--index-info]
                    [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
                    [--verbose]
                    [--] [<file>...]


DESCRIPTION
       Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated into the index and any unmerged
       or needs updating state is cleared.

       See also git-add(1) for a more user-friendly way to do some of the most common operations on the
       index.

       The way git update-index handles files it is told about can be modified using the various options:

OPTIONS
       --add
           If a specified file isn't in the index already then it's added. Default behaviour is to ignore
           new files.

       --remove
           If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it's removed. Default behavior is to
           ignore removed file.

       --refresh
           Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or updates are needed by checking stat()
           information.

       -q
           Quiet. If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the default behavior is to error out.
           This option makes git update-index continue anyway.

       --ignore-submodules
           Do not try to update submodules. This option is only respected when passed before --refresh.

       --unmerged
           If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default behavior is to error out. This
           option makes git update-index continue anyway.

       --ignore-missing
           Ignores missing files during a --refresh

       --cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>
           Directly insert the specified info into the index.

       --index-info
           Read index information from stdin.

       --chmod=(+|-)x
           Set the execute permissions on the updated files.

       --[no-]assume-unchanged
           When these flags are specified, the object names recorded for the paths are not updated. Instead,
           these options set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the paths. When the "assume unchanged"
           bit is on, Git stops checking the working tree files for possible modifications, so you need to
           manually unset the bit to tell Git when you change the working tree file. This is sometimes
           helpful when working with a big project on a filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
           (e.g. cifs).

           This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism to ignore uncommitted changes in
           tracked files (akin to what .gitignore does for untracked files). Git will fail (gracefully) in
           case it needs to modify this file in the index e.g. when merging in a commit; thus, in case the
           assumed-untracked file is changed upstream, you will need to handle the situation manually.

       --really-refresh
           Like --refresh, but checks stat information unconditionally, without regard to the "assume
           unchanged" setting.

       --[no-]skip-worktree
           When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded for the paths are not updated.
           Instead, these options set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See section
           "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.

       -g, --again
           Runs git update-index itself on the paths whose index entries are different from those from the
           HEAD commit.

       --unresolve
           Restores the unmerged or needs updating state of a file during a merge if it was cleared by
           accident.

       --info-only
           Do not create objects in the object database for all <file> arguments that follow this flag; just
           insert their object IDs into the index.

       --force-remove
           Remove the file from the index even when the working directory still has such a file. (Implies
           --remove.)

       --replace
           By default, when a file path exists in the index, git update-index refuses an attempt to add
           path/file. Similarly if a file path/file exists, a file path cannot be added. With --replace
           flag, existing entries that conflict with the entry being added are automatically removed with
           warning messages.

       --stdin
           Instead of taking list of paths from the command line, read list of paths from the standard
           input. Paths are separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.

       --verbose
           Report what is being added and removed from index.

       --index-version <n>
           Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version. Supported versions are 2, 3
           and 4. The current default version is 2 or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such
           as git add -N.

           Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index size by 30%-50% on large
           repositories, which results in faster load time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in
           in 1.8.0 in October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2 may not support it
           yet.

       -z
           Only meaningful with --stdin or --index-info; paths are separated with NUL character instead of
           LF.

       --Do -Do
           Do not interpret any more arguments as options.

       <file>
           Files to act on. Note that files beginning with .  are discarded. This includes ./file and
           dir/./file. If you don't want this, then use cleaner names. The same applies to directories
           ending / and paths with //

USING --REFRESH
       --refresh does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index up-to-date for mode/content changes.
       But what it does do is to "re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you can
       refresh the index for a file that hasn't been changed but where the stat entry is out of date.

       For example, you'd want to do this after doing a git read-tree, to link up the stat index details
       with the proper files.

USING --CACHEINFO OR --INFO-ONLY
       --cacheinfo is used to register a file that is not in the current working directory. This is useful
       for minimum-checkout merging.

       To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:

           $ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path


       --info-only is used to register files without placing them in the object database. This is useful for
       status-only repositories.

       Both --cacheinfo and --info-only behave similarly: the index is updated but the object database
       isn't. --cacheinfo is useful when the object is in the database but the file isn't available locally.
       --info-only is useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the object database.

USING --INDEX-INFO
       --index-info is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed multiple entry definitions from the
       standard input, and designed specifically for scripts. It can take inputs of three formats:

        1. mode SP sha1 TAB path

           The first format is what "git-apply --index-info" reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
           that is used for phony merge base tree when falling back on 3-way merge.

        2. mode SP type SP sha1 TAB path

           The second format is to stuff git ls-tree output into the index file.

        3. mode SP sha1 SP stage TAB path

           This format is to put higher order stages into the index file and matches git ls-files --stage
           output.

       To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should first be removed by feeding a mode=0
       entry for the path, and then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.

       For example, starting with this index:

           $ git ls-files -s
           100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0       frotz


       you can feed the following input to --index-info:

           $ git update-index --index-info
           0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000      frotz
           100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1       frotz
           100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2       frotz


       The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long
       as it is well formatted. Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries for that
       path. After the above, we would end up with this:

           $ git ls-files -s
           100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1       frotz
           100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2       frotz


USING "ASSUME UNCHANGED" BIT
       Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an efficient lstat(2) implementation, so
       that st_mtime information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see if the file contents
       have changed from the version recorded in the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have
       inefficient lstat(2). If your filesystem is one of them, you can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths
       you have not changed to cause Git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a path does not
       mean Git will check the contents of the file to see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any
       checking and assume it has not changed. When you make changes to working tree files, you have to
       explicitly tell Git about it by dropping "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify
       them.

       In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use --assume-unchanged option. To unset, use
       --no-assume-unchanged. To see which files have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use git ls-files -v
       (see git-ls-files(1)).

       The command looks at core.ignorestat configuration variable. When this is true, paths updated with
       git update-index paths... and paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
       working tree (e.g. git apply --index, git checkout-index -u, and git read-tree -u) are automatically
       marked as "assume unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is not set if git update-index
       --refresh finds the working tree file matches the index (use git update-index --really-refresh if you
       want to mark them as "assume unchanged").

EXAMPLES
       To update and refresh only the files already checked out:

           $ git checkout-index -n -f -a && git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh


       On an inefficient filesystem with core.ignorestat set

               $ git update-index --really-refresh              (1)
               $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c   (2)
               $ git diff --name-only                           (3)
               $ edit foo.c
               $ git diff --name-only                           (4)
               M foo.c
               $ git update-index foo.c                         (5)
               $ git diff --name-only                           (6)
               $ edit foo.c
               $ git diff --name-only                           (7)
               $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c   (8)
               $ git diff --name-only                           (9)
               M foo.c

           1. forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
           2. mark the path to be edited.
           3. this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
           4. this does lstat(2) and finds index does not match the path.
           5. registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
           6. and it is assumed unchanged.
           7. even after you edit it.
           8. you can tell about the change after the fact.
           9. now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.

SKIP-WORKTREE BIT
       Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading an entry, if it is marked as
       skip-worktree, then Git pretends its working directory version is up to date and read the index
       version instead.

       To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading file attributes or file content.
       The working directory version may be present or absent. If present, its content may match against the
       index version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety is still first priority.
       Note that Git can update working directory file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so
       (i.e. working directory version matches index version)

       Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is different from assume-unchanged
       bit's. Skip-worktree also takes precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.

CONFIGURATION
       The command honors core.filemode configuration variable. If your repository is on a filesystem whose
       executable bits are unreliable, this should be set to false (see git-config(1)). This causes the
       command to ignore differences in file modes recorded in the index and the file mode on the filesystem
       if they differ only on executable bit. On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may need to use git
       update-index --chmod=.

       Quite similarly, if core.symlinks configuration variable is set to false (see git-config(1)),
       symbolic links are checked out as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
       from symbolic link to regular file.

       The command looks at core.ignorestat configuration variable. See Using "assume unchanged" bit section
       above.

       The command also looks at core.trustctime configuration variable. It can be useful when the inode
       change time is regularly modified by something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems
       use ctime for marking files processed) (see git-config(1)).

SEE ALSO
       git-config(1), git-add(1), git-ls-files(1)

GIT
       Part of the git(1) suite



Git 1.8.3                                        05/24/2013                              GIT-UPDATE-INDEX(1)