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NDISASM(1)                                                                                        NDISASM(1)



NAME
       ndisasm - the Netwide Disassembler, an 80x86 binary file disassembler

SYNOPSIS
       ndisasm  [ -o origin ] [ -s sync-point [...]]  [ -a | -i ] [ -b bits ] [ -u ] [ -e hdrlen ] [ -k off-set,length offset,length
       set,length [...]]  infile
       ndisasm -h
       ndisasm -r

DESCRIPTION
       The ndisasm command generates a disassembly listing of the binary file infile and directs it to  std-out. stdout.
       out.

   OPTIONS
       -h     Causes ndisasm to exit immediately, after giving a summary of its invocation options.

       -r     Causes ndisasm to exit immediately, after displaying its version number.

       -o origin
              Specifies  the  notional  load  address  for  the  file. This option causes ndisasm to get the
              addresses it lists down the left hand margin, and the target addresses  of  PC-relative  jumps
              and calls, right.

       -s sync-point
              Manually  specifies  a  synchronisation address, such that ndisasm will not output any machine
              instruction which encompasses bytes on both sides of the address. Hence the instruction  which
              starts at that address will be correctly disassembled.

       -e hdrlen
              Specifies  a  number of bytes to discard from the beginning of the file before starting disas-sembly. disassembly.
              sembly. This does not count towards the calculation of the disassembly offset: the first  dis-assembled disassembled
              assembled instruction will be shown starting at the given load address.

       -k offset,length
              Specifies  that  length bytes, starting from disassembly offset offset, should be skipped over
              without generating any output. The skipped bytes still count towards the  calculation  of  the
              disassembly offset.

       -a or -i
              Enables  automatic  (or  intelligent)  sync mode, in which ndisasm will attempt to guess where
              synchronisation should be performed, by means of examining the target addresses of  the  rela-tive relative
              tive jumps and calls it disassembles.

       -b bits
              Specifies either 16-bit or 32-bit mode. The default is 16-bit mode.

       -u     Specifies 32-bit mode, more compactly than using `-b 32'.

       -p vendor
              Prefers  instructions  as defined by vendor in case of a conflict.  Known vendor names include
              intel, amd, cyrix, and idt.  The default is intel.


RESTRICTIONS
       ndisasm only disassembles binary files: it has no understanding of the header information present  in
       object  or  executable files. If you want to disassemble an object file, you should probably be using
       objdump(1).

       Auto-sync mode won't necessarily cure all your synchronisation problems: a sync marker  can  only  be
       placed  automatically  if  a jump or call instruction is found to refer to it before ndisasm actually
       disassembles that part of the code. Also, if spurious jumps or calls result from  disassembling  non-machine-code nonmachine-code
       machine-code data, sync markers may get placed in strange places. Feel free to turn auto-sync off and
       go back to doing it manually if necessary.

       ndisasm can only keep track of 8192 sync markers internally at once: this is to do with  portability,
       since DOS machines don't take kindly to more than 64K being allocated at a time.


SEE ALSO
       objdump(1).



                                        The Netwide Assembler Project                             NDISASM(1)