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POSTALIAS(1)                                                                                    POSTALIAS(1)



NAME
       postalias - Postfix alias database maintenance

SYNOPSIS
       postalias [-Nfinoprsvw] [-c config_dir] [-d key] [-q key]
               [file_type:]file_name ...

DESCRIPTION
       The postalias(1) command creates or queries one or more Postfix alias databases, or updates an exist-ing existing
       ing one. The input and output file formats are expected to be compatible with Sendmail version 8, and
       are expected to be suitable for the use as NIS alias maps.

       If  the result files do not exist they will be created with the same group and other read permissions
       as their source file.

       While a database update is in progress, signal delivery is postponed,  and  an  exclusive,  advisory,
       lock is placed on the entire database, in order to avoid surprises in spectator processes.

       The format of Postfix alias input files is described in aliases(5).

       By  default the lookup key is mapped to lowercase to make the lookups case insensitive; as of Postfix
       2.3 this case folding happens only with tables whose lookup  keys  are  fixed-case  strings  such  as
       btree:,  dbm:  or  hash:.  With  earlier  versions, the lookup key is folded even with tables where a
       lookup field can match both upper and lower case text, such as regexp: and pcre:.  This  resulted  in
       loss of information with $number substitutions.

       Options:

       -c config_dir
              Read  the  main.cf configuration file in the named directory instead of the default configura-tion configuration
              tion directory.

       -d key Search the specified maps for key and remove one entry per map.  The exit status is zero  when
              the requested information was found.

              If a key value of - is specified, the program reads key values from the standard input stream.
              The exit status is zero when at least one of the requested keys was found.

       -f     Do not fold the lookup key to lower case while creating or querying a table.

              With Postfix version 2.3 and later, this option has no effect for regular  expression  tables.
              There, case folding is controlled by appending a flag to a pattern.

       -i     Incremental  mode.  Read entries from standard input and do not truncate an existing database.
              By default, postalias(1) creates a new database from the entries in file_name.

       -N     Include the terminating null character that terminates lookup keys  and  values.  By  default,
              postalias(1) does whatever is the default for the host operating system.

       -n     Don't  include  the  terminating  null  character  that  terminates lookup keys and values. By
              default, postalias(1) does whatever is the default for the host operating system.

       -o     Do not release root privileges when processing a non-root input file. By default, postalias(1)
              drops root privileges and runs as the source file owner instead.

       -p     Do  not  inherit  the  file  access  permissions from the input file when creating a new file.
              Instead, create a new file with default access permissions (mode 0644).

       -q key Search the specified maps for key and write the first  value  found  to  the  standard  output
              stream. The exit status is zero when the requested information was found.

              If  a key value of - is specified, the program reads key values from the standard input stream
              and writes one line of key: value output for each key that was found. The exit status is  zero
              when at least one of the requested keys was found.

       -r     When  updating  a  table,  do not complain about attempts to update existing entries, and make
              those updates anyway.

       -s     Retrieve all database elements, and write one line of key: value output for each element.  The
              elements  are  printed  in  database  order, which is not necessarily the same as the original
              input order.  This feature is available in Postfix version 2.2 and later, and is not available
              for all database types.

       -v     Enable  verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the software increas-ingly increasingly
              ingly verbose.

       -w     When updating a table, do not complain about attempts to update existing entries,  and  ignore
              those attempts.

       Arguments:

       file_type
              The database type. To find out what types are supported, use the "postconf -m" command.

              The postalias(1) command can query any supported file type, but it can create only the follow-ing following
              ing file types:

              btree  The output is a btree file, named file_name.db.  This is available on systems with sup-port support
                     port for db databases.

              cdb    The  output is one file named file_name.cdb.  This is available on systems with support
                     for cdb databases.

              dbm    The output consists of two files,  named  file_name.pag  and  file_name.dir.   This  is
                     available on systems with support for dbm databases.

              hash   The  output  is  a  hashed file, named file_name.db.  This is available on systems with
                     support for db databases.

              fail   A table that reliably fails all requests. The lookup table name  is  used  for  logging
                     only. This table exists to simplify Postfix error tests.

              sdbm   The  output  consists  of  two  files,  named file_name.pag and file_name.dir.  This is
                     available on systems with support for sdbm databases.

              When no file_type is specified,  the  software  uses  the  database  type  specified  via  the
              default_database_type  configuration  parameter.  The default value for this parameter depends
              on the host environment.

       file_name
              The name of the alias database source file when creating a database.

DIAGNOSTICS
       Problems are logged to the standard error stream and to syslogd(8).  No output means that no problems
       were detected. Duplicate entries are skipped and are flagged with a warning.

       postalias(1) terminates with zero exit status in case of success (including successful "postalias -q"
       lookup) and terminates with non-zero exit status in case of failure.

ENVIRONMENT
       MAIL_CONFIG
              Directory with Postfix configuration files.

       MAIL_VERBOSE
              Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
       The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this program.

       The text below provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more  details  including  exam-ples. examples.
       ples.

       alias_database (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The alias databases for local(8) delivery that are updated with "newaliases" or with "sendmail
              -bi".

       config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

       berkeley_db_create_buffer_size (16777216)
              The per-table I/O buffer size for programs that create Berkeley DB hash or btree tables.

       berkeley_db_read_buffer_size (131072)
              The per-table I/O buffer size for programs that read Berkeley DB hash or btree tables.

       default_database_type (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The default database type for use in newaliases(1), postalias(1) and postmap(1) commands.

       syslog_facility (mail)
              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

       syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that  "smtpd"
              becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".

STANDARDS
       RFC 822 (ARPA Internet Text Messages)

SEE ALSO
       aliases(5), format of alias database input file.
       local(8), Postfix local delivery agent.
       postconf(1), supported database types
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       postmap(1), create/update/query lookup tables
       newaliases(1), Sendmail compatibility interface.
       syslogd(8), system logging

README FILES
       Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
       DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)
       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA



                                                                                                POSTALIAS(1)