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PR(1)                     BSD General Commands Manual                    PR(1)

NAME
     pr -- print files

SYNOPSIS
     pr [+page] [-column] [-adFfmprt] [[-e] [char] [gap]] [-L locale] [-h header] [[-i] [char] [gap]]
        [-l lines] [-o offset] [[-s] [char]] [[-n] [char] [width]] [-w width] [-] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
     The pr utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files.  When multiple input files are spec-ified, specified,
     ified, each is read, formatted, and written to standard output.  By default, the input is separated
     into 66-line pages, each with

     •   A 5-line header with the page number, date, time, and the pathname of the file.

     •   A 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines.

     If standard output is associated with a terminal, diagnostic messages are suppressed until the pr util-ity utility
     ity has completed processing.

     When multiple column output is specified, text columns are of equal width.  By default text columns are
     separated by at least one <blank>.  Input lines that do not fit into a text column are truncated.
     Lines are not truncated under single column output.

OPTIONS
     In the following option descriptions, column, lines, offset, page, and width are positive decimal inte-gers integers
     gers and gap is a nonnegative decimal integer.

     +page
           Begin output at page number page of the formatted input.

     -column
           Produce output that is columns wide (default is 1) that is written vertically down each column in
           the order in which the text is received from the input file.  The options -e and -i are assumed.
           This option should not be used with -m.  When used with -t, the minimum number of lines is used
           to display the output.  (To columnify and reshape text files more generally and without addi-tional additional
           tional formatting, see the rs(1) utility.)

     -a    Modify the effect of the -column option so that the columns are filled across the page in a
           round-robin order (e.g., when column is 2, the first input line heads column 1, the second heads
           column 2, the third is the second line in column 1, etc.).  This option requires the use of the
           -column option.

     -d    Produce output that is double spaced.  An extra <newline> character is output following every
           <newline> found in the input.

     -e [char][gap]
           Expand each input <tab> to the next greater column position specified by the formula n*gap+1,
           where n is an integer > 0.  If gap is zero or is omitted the default is 8.  All <tab> characters
           in the input are expanded into the appropriate number of <space>s.  If any nondigit character,
           char, is specified, it is used as the input tab character.

     -F    Use a <form-feed> character for new pages, instead of the default behavior that uses a sequence
           of <newline> characters.

     -f    Same as -F but pause before beginning the first page if standard output is a terminal.

     -h header
           Use the string header to replace the file name in the header line.

     -i [char][gap]
           In output, replace multiple <space>s with <tab>s whenever two or more adjacent <space>s reach
           column positions gap+1, 2*gap+1, etc.  If gap is zero or omitted, default <tab> settings at every
           eighth column position is used.  If any nondigit character, char, is specified, it is used as the
           output <tab> character.

     -L locale
           Use locale specified as argument instead of one found in environment.  Use "C" to reset locale to
           default.

     -l lines
           Override the 66 line default and reset the page length to lines.  If lines is not greater than
           the sum of both the header and trailer depths (in lines), the pr utility suppresses output of
           both the header and trailer, as if the -t option were in effect.

     -m    Merge the contents of multiple files.  One line from each file specified by a file operand is
           written side by side into text columns of equal fixed widths, in terms of the number of column
           positions.  The number of text columns depends on the number of file operands successfully
           opened.  The maximum number of files merged depends on page width and the per process open file
           limit.  The options -e and -i are assumed.

     -n [char][width]
           Provide width digit line numbering.  The default for width, if not specified, is 5.  The number
           occupies the first width column positions of each text column or each line of -m output.  If char
           (any nondigit character) is given, it is appended to the line number to separate it from whatever
           follows.  The default for char is a <tab>.  Line numbers longer than width columns are truncated.

     -o offset
           Each line of output is preceded by offset <spaces>s.  If the -o option is not specified, the
           default is zero.  The space taken is in addition to the output line width.

     -p    Pause before each page if the standard output is a terminal.  pr will write an alert character to
           standard error and wait for a carriage return to be read on the terminal.

     -r    Write no diagnostic reports on failure to open a file.

     -s char
           Separate text columns by the single character char instead of by the appropriate number of
           <space>s (default for char is the <tab> character).

     -t    Print neither the five-line identifying header nor the five-line trailer usually supplied for
           each page.  Quit printing after the last line of each file without spacing to the end of the
           page.

     -w width
           Set the width of the line to width column positions for multiple text-column output only.  If the
           -w option is not specified and the -s option is not specified, the default width is 72.  If the
           -w option is not specified and the -s option is specified, the default width is 512.

     file  A pathname of a file to be printed.  If no file operands are specified, or if a file operand is
           `-', the standard input is used.  The standard input is used only if no file operands are speci-fied, specified,
           fied, or if a file operand is `-'.

     The -s option does not allow the option letter to be separated from its argument, and the options -e,
     -i, and -n require that both arguments, if present, not be separated from the option letter.

EXIT STATUS
     The pr utility exits 0 on success, and 1 if an error occurs.

DIAGNOSTICS
     If pr receives an interrupt while printing to a terminal, it flushes all accumulated error messages to
     the screen before terminating.

     Error messages are written to standard error during the printing process (if output is redirected) or
     after all successful file printing is complete (when printing to a terminal).

LEGACY DESCRIPTION
     The last space before the tab stop is replaced with a tab character.  In legacy mode, it is not.

     For more information about legacy mode, see compat(5).

SEE ALSO
     cat(1), more(1), rs(1), compat(5)

STANDARDS
     The pr utility is IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'') compatible.

HISTORY
     A pr command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

BUGS
     The pr utility does not recognize multibyte characters.

BSD                              July 3, 2004                              BSD