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XMLLINT(1) xmllint Manual XMLLINT(1)

NAME
xmllint - command line XML tool

SYNOPSIS
xmllint [--version | --debug | --shell | --xpath "XPath_expression" | --debugent | --copy | --recover
| --noent | --noout | --nonet | --path "PATH(S)" | --load-trace | --htmlout | --nowrap |
--valid | --postvalid | --dtdvalid URL | --dtdvalidfpi FPI | --timing | --output FILE |
--repeat | --insert | --compress | --html | --xmlout | --push | --memory | --maxmem NBBYTES |
--nowarning | --noblanks | --nocdata | --format | --encode ENCODING | --dropdtd | --nsclean |
--testIO | --catalogs | --nocatalogs | --auto | --xinclude | --noxincludenode | --loaddtd |
--dtdattr | --stream | --walker | --pattern PATTERNVALUE | --chkregister | --relaxng SCHEMA |
--schema SCHEMA | --c14n] {XML-FILE(S)... | -}

xmllint --help

DESCRIPTION
The xmllint program parses one or more XML files, specified on the command line as XML-FILE (or the
standard input if the filename provided is - ). It prints various types of output, depending upon the
options selected. It is useful for detecting errors both in XML code and in the XML parser itself.

xmllint is included in libxml(3).

OPTIONS
xmllint accepts the following options (in alphabetical order):

--auto
Generate a small document for testing purposes.

--catalogs
Use the SGML catalog(s) from SGML_CATALOG_FILES. Otherwise XML catalogs starting from
/etc/xml/catalog are used by default.

--chkregister
Turn on node registration. Useful for developers testing libxml(3) node tracking code.

--compress
Turn on gzip(1) compression of output.

--copy
Test the internal copy implementation.

--c14n
Use the W3C XML Canonicalisation (C14N) to serialize the result of parsing to stdout. It keeps
comments in the result.

--dtdvalid URL
Use the DTD specified by an URL for validation.

--dtdvalidfpi FPI
Use the DTD specified by a Formal Public Identifier FPI for validation, note that this will
require a catalog exporting that Formal Public Identifier to work.

--debug
Parse a file and output an annotated tree of the in-memory version of the document.

--debugent
Debug the entities defined in the document.

--dropdtd
Remove DTD from output.

--dtdattr
Fetch external DTD and populate the tree with inherited attributes.

--encode ENCODING
Output in the given encoding.

--format
Reformat and reindent the output. The XMLLINT_INDENT environment variable controls the
indentation. The default value is two spaces " ").

--help
Print out a short usage summary for xmllint.

--html
Use the HTML parser.

--htmlout
Output results as an HTML file. This causes xmllint to output the necessary HTML tags surrounding
the result tree output so the results can be displayed/viewed in a browser.

--insert
Test for valid insertions.

--loaddtd
Fetch an external DTD.

--load-trace
Display all the documents loaded during the processing to stderr.

--maxmem NNBYTES
Test the parser memory support. NNBYTES is the maximum number of bytes the library is allowed to
allocate. This can also be used to make sure batch processing of XML files will not exhaust the
virtual memory of the server running them.

--memory
Parse from memory.

--noblanks
Drop ignorable blank spaces.

--nocatalogs
Do not use any catalogs.

--nocdata
Substitute CDATA section by equivalent text nodes.

--noent
Substitute entity values for entity references. By default, xmllint leaves entity references in
place.

--nonet
Do not use the Internet to fetch DTDs or entities.

--noout
Suppress output. By default, xmllint outputs the result tree.

--nowarning
Do not emit warnings from the parser and/or validator.

--nowrap
Do not output HTML doc wrapper.

--noxincludenode
Do XInclude processing but do not generate XInclude start and end nodes.

--nsclean
Remove redundant namespace declarations.

--output FILE
Define a file path where xmllint will save the result of parsing. Usually the programs build a
tree and save it on stdout, with this option the result XML instance will be saved onto a file.

--path "PATH(S)"
Use the (space- or colon-separated) list of filesystem paths specified by PATHS to load DTDs or
entities. Enclose space-separated lists by quotation marks.

--pattern PATTERNVALUE
Used to exercise the pattern recognition engine, which can be used with the reader interface to
the parser. It allows to select some nodes in the document based on an XPath (subset) expression.
Used for debugging.

--postvalid
Validate after parsing has completed.

--push
Use the push mode of the parser.

--recover
Output any parsable portions of an invalid document.

--relaxng SCHEMA
Use RelaxNG file named SCHEMA for validation.

--repeat
Repeat 100 times, for timing or profiling.

--schema SCHEMA
Use a W3C XML Schema file named SCHEMA for validation.

--shell
Run a navigating shell. Details on available commands in shell mode are below (see the section
called "SHELL COMMANDS").

--xpath "XPath_expression"
Run an XPath expression given as argument and print the result. In case of a nodeset result, each
node in the node set is serialized in full in the output. In case of an empty node set the "XPath
set is empty" result will be shown and an error exit code will be returned.

--stream
Use streaming API - useful when used in combination with --relaxng or --valid options for
validation of files that are too large to be held in memory.

--testIO
Test user input/output support.

--timing
Output information about the time it takes xmllint to perform the various steps.

--valid
Determine if the document is a valid instance of the included Document Type Definition (DTD). A
DTD to be validated against also can be specified at the command line using the --dtdvalid
option. By default, xmllint also checks to determine if the document is well-formed.

--version
Display the version of libxml(3) used.

--walker
Test the walker module, which is a reader interface but for a document tree, instead of using the
reader API on an unparsed document it works on an existing in-memory tree. Used for debugging.

--xinclude
Do XInclude processing.

--xmlout
Used in conjunction with --html. Usually when HTML is parsed the document is saved with the HTML
serializer. But with this option the resulting document is saved with the XML serializer. This is
primarily used to generate XHTML from HTML input.

SHELL COMMANDS
xmllint offers an interactive shell mode invoked with the --shell command. Available commands in
shell mode include (in alphabetical order):

base
Display XML base of the node.

bye
Leave the shell.

cat NODE
Display the given node or the current one.

cd PATH
Change the current node to the given path (if unique) or root if no argument is given.

dir PATH
Dumps information about the node (namespace, attributes, content).

du PATH
Show the structure of the subtree under the given path or the current node.

exit
Leave the shell.

help
Show this help.

free
Display memory usage.

load FILENAME
Load a new document with the given filename.

ls PATH
List contents of the given path or the current directory.

pwd
Display the path to the current node.

quit
Leave the shell.

save FILENAME
Save the current document to the given filename or to the original name.

validate
Check the document for errors.

write FILENAME
Write the current node to the given filename.

ENVIRONMENT
SGML_CATALOG_FILES
SGML catalog behavior can be changed by redirecting queries to the user's own set of catalogs.
This can be done by setting the SGML_CATALOG_FILES environment variable to a list of catalogs. An
empty one should deactivate loading the default /etc/sgml/catalog catalog.

XML_CATALOG_FILES
XML catalog behavior can be changed by redirecting queries to the user's own set of catalogs.
This can be done by setting the XML_CATALOG_FILES environment variable to a list of catalogs. An
empty one should deactivate loading the default /etc/xml/catalog catalog.

XML_DEBUG_CATALOG
Setting the environment variable XML_DEBUG_CATALOG to non-zero using the export command outputs
debugging information related to catalog operations.

XMLLINT_INDENT
Setting the environment variable XMLLINT_INDENT controls the indentation. The default value is
two spaces " ".

DIAGNOSTICS
xmllint return codes provide information that can be used when calling it from scripts.

0
No error

1
Unclassified

2
Error in DTD

3
Validation error

4
Validation error

5
Error in schema compilation

6
Error writing output

7
Error in pattern (generated when --pattern option is used)

8
Error in Reader registration (generated when --chkregister option is used)

9
Out of memory error

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