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POSIX_SPAWN(2)              BSD System Calls Manual             POSIX_SPAWN(2)

NAME
     posix_spawn posix_spawnp -- spawn a process

SYNOPSIS
     #include <spawn.h>

     int
     posix_spawn(pid_t *restrict pid, const char *restrict path,
         const posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions, const posix_spawnattr_t *restrict attrp,
         char *const argv[restrict], char *const envp[restrict]);

     int
     posix_spawnp(pid_t *restrict pid, const char *restrict file,
         const posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions, const posix_spawnattr_t *restrict attrp,
         char *const argv[restrict], char *const envp[restrict]);

DESCRIPTION
     The posix_spawn() function creates a new process from the executable file, called the new process file,
     specified by path, which is an absolute or relative path to the file.  The posix_spawnp() function is
     identical to the posix_spawn() function if the file specified contains a slash character; otherwise,
     the file parameter is used to construct a pathname, with its path prefix being obtained by a search of
     the path specified in the environment by the ``PATH variable''.  If this variable isn't specified, the
     default path is set according to the _PATH_DEFPATH definition in <paths.h>, which is set to
     ``/usr/bin:/bin''.  This pathname either refers to an executable object file, or a file of data for an
     interpreter; execve(2) for more details.

     The argument pid is a pointer to a pid_t variable to receive the pid of the spawned process; if this is
     NULL, then the pid of the spawned process is not returned.  If this pointer is non-NULL, then on suc-cessful successful
     cessful completion, the variable will be modified to contain the pid of the spawned process.  The value
     is undefined in the case of a failure.

     The argument file_actions is either NULL, or it is a pointer to a file actions object that was initial-ized initialized
     ized by a call to posix_spawn_file_actions_init(3) and represents zero or more file actions.

     File descriptors open in the calling process image remain open in the new process image, except for
     those for which the close-on-exec flag is set (see close(2) and fcntl(2)).  Descriptors that remain
     open are unaffected by posix_spawn() unless their behaviour is modified by particular spawn flags or a
     file action; see posix_spawnattr_setflags(3) and posix_spawn_file_actions_init(3) for additional infor-mation. information.
     mation.

     The argument attrp is either NULL, or it is a pointer to an attributes object that was initialized by a
     call to posix_spawnattr_init(3) and represents a set of spawn attributes to apply.  If NULL, then the
     default attributes are applied; otherwise, these attributes can control various aspects of the spawned
     process, and are applied prior to the spawned process beginning execution; see posix_spawnattr_init(3)
     for more information.

     The argument argv is a pointer to a null-terminated array of character pointers to null-terminated
     character strings.  These strings construct the argument list to be made available to the new process.
     At least argv[_] must be present in the array, and should contain the file name of the program being
     spawned, e.g. the last component of the path or file argument.

     The argument envp is a pointer to a null-terminated array of character pointers to null-terminated
     strings.  A pointer to this array is normally stored in the global variable environ. These strings pass
     information to the new process that is not directly an argument to the command (see environ(7)).

     Signals set to be ignored in the calling process are set to be ignored in the new process, unless the
     behaviour is modified by user specified spawn attributes.  Signals which are set to be caught in the
     calling process image are set to default action in the new process image.  Blocked signals remain
     blocked regardless of changes to the signal action, unless the mask is overridden by user specified
     spawn attributes.  The signal stack is reset to be undefined (see sigaction(2) for more information).

     By default, the effective user ID and group ID will be the same as those of the calling process image;
     however, this may be overridden to force them to be the real user ID and group ID of the parent process
     by user specified spawn attributes (see posix_spawnattr_init(3) for more information).

     If the set-user-ID mode bit of the new process image file is set (see chmod(2)), the effective user ID
     of the new process image is set to the owner ID of the new process image file.  If the set-group-ID
     mode bit of the new process image file is set, the effective group ID of the new process image is set
     to the group ID of the new process image file.  (The effective group ID is the first element of the
     group list.)  The real user ID, real group ID and supplementary group IDs of the new process image
     remain the same as the calling process image.  After any set-user-ID and set-group-ID processing, the
     effective user ID is recorded as the saved set-user-ID, and the effective group ID is recorded as the
     saved set-group-ID.  These values may be used in changing the effective IDs later (see setuid(2)).

     The new process also inherits the following attributes from the calling process:

           parent process ID    see getppid(2)
           process group ID     see getpgrp(2), posix_spawnattr_init(3)
           access groups        see getgroups(2)
           working directory    see chdir(2)
           root directory       see chroot(2)
           control terminal     see termios(4)
           resource usages      see getrusage(2)
           interval timers      see getitimer(2)
           resource limits      see getrlimit(2)
           file mode mask       see umask(2)
           signal mask          see sigaction(2), sigsetmask(2), posix_spawnattr_init(3)

     When a program is executed as a result of a posix_spawn() or posix_spawnp() call, it is entered as fol-lows: follows:
     lows:

           main(argc, argv, envp)
           int argc;
           char **argv, **envp;

     where argc is the number of elements in argv (the ``arg count'') and argv points to the array of char-acter character
     acter pointers to the arguments themselves.

RETURN VALUES
     If the pid argument is NULL, no pid is returned to the calling process; if it is non-NULL, then
     posix_spawn() and posix_spawnp() functions return the process ID of the child process into the pid_t
     variable pointed to by the pid argument and return a 0 on success.  If an error occurs, they return a
     non-zero error code as the function return value, and no child process is created.

ERRORS
     The posix_spawn() and posix_spawnp() functions will fail and return to the calling process if:

     [EINVAL]           The value specified by file_actions or attrp is invalid.

     [E2BIG]            The number of bytes in the new process's argument list is larger than the system-imposed systemimposed
                        imposed limit.  This limit is specified by the sysctl(3) MIB variable KERN_ARGMAX.

     [EACCES]           Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.

     [EACCES]           The new process file is not an ordinary file.

     [EACCES]           The new process file mode denies execute permission.

     [EACCES]           The new process file is on a filesystem mounted with execution disabled (MNT_NOEXEC
                        in <sys/mount.h>).

     [EFAULT]           The new process file is not as long as indicated by the size values in its header.

     [EFAULT]           Path, argv, or envp point to an illegal address.

     [EIO]              An I/O error occurred while reading from the file system.

     [ELOOP]            Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.  This is taken
                        to be indicative of a looping symbolic link.

     [ENAMETOOLONG]     A component of a pathname exceeded {NAME_MAX} characters, or an entire path name
                        exceeded {PATH_MAX} characters.

     [ENOENT]           The new process file does not exist.

     [ENOEXEC]          The new process file has the appropriate access permission, but has an unrecognized
                        format (e.g., an invalid magic number in its header).

     [ENOMEM]           The new process requires more virtual memory than is allowed by the imposed maximum
                        (getrlimit(2)).

     [ENOTDIR]          A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

     [ETXTBSY]          The new process file is a pure procedure (shared text) file that is currently open
                        for writing or reading by some process.

CAVEAT
     If a program is setuid to a non-super-user, but is executed when the real uid is ``root'', then the
     program has some of the powers of a super-user as well.

SEE ALSO
     exit(2), fork(2), execl(3), sysctl(3), environ(7), posix_spawnattr_init(3),
     posix_spawn_file_actions_init(3),

STANDARDS
     Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification (``SUSv3'') [SPN]

HISTORY
     The posix_spawn() and posix_spawnp() function calls appeared in Version 3 of the Single UNIX
     Specification (``SUSv3'') [SPN].

Mac OS X                       November 2, 2010                       Mac OS X