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CGI::Carp(3pm)                        Perl Programmers Reference Guide                        CGI::Carp(3pm)



NAME
       CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

SYNOPSIS
           use CGI::Carp;

           croak "We're outta here!";
           confess "It was my fault: $!";
           carp "It was your fault!";
           warn "I'm confused";
           die  "I'm dying.\n";

           use CGI::Carp qw(cluck);
           cluck "I wouldn't do that if I were you";

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
           die "Fatal error messages are now sent to browser";

DESCRIPTION
       CGI scripts have a nasty habit of leaving warning messages in the error logs that are neither time
       stamped nor fully identified.  Tracking down the script that caused the error is a pain.  This fixes
       that.  Replace the usual

           use Carp;

       with

           use CGI::Carp

       And the standard warn(), die (), croak(), confess() and carp() calls will automagically be replaced
       with functions that write out nicely time-stamped messages to the HTTP server error log.

       For example:

          [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm confused at test.pl line 3.
          [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: Got an error message: Permission denied.
          [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm dying.

REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
       By default, error messages are sent to STDERR.  Most HTTPD servers direct STDERR to the server's
       error log.  Some applications may wish to keep private error logs, distinct from the server's error
       log, or they may wish to direct error messages to STDOUT so that the browser will receive them.

       The "carpout()" function is provided for this purpose.  Since carpout() is not exported by default,
       you must import it explicitly by saying

          use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);

       The carpout() function requires one argument, which should be a reference to an open filehandle for
       writing errors.  It should be called in a "BEGIN" block at the top of the CGI application so that
       compiler errors will be caught.  Example:

          BEGIN {
            use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);
            open(LOG, ">>/usr/local/cgi-logs/mycgi-log") or
              die("Unable to open mycgi-log: $!\n");
            carpout(LOG);
          }

       carpout() does not handle file locking on the log for you at this point.  Also, note that carpout()
       does not work with in-memory file handles, although a patch would be welcome to address that.

       The real STDERR is not closed -- it is moved to CGI::Carp::SAVEERR.  Some servers, when dealing with
       CGI scripts, close their connection to the browser when the script closes STDOUT and STDERR.
       CGI::Carp::SAVEERR is there to prevent this from happening prematurely.

       You can pass filehandles to carpout() in a variety of ways.  The "correct" way according to Tom
       Christiansen is to pass a reference to a filehandle GLOB:

           carpout(\*LOG);

       This looks weird to mere mortals however, so the following syntaxes are accepted as well:

           carpout(LOG);
           carpout(main::LOG);
           carpout(main'LOG);
           carpout(\LOG);
           carpout(\'main::LOG');

           ... and so on

       FileHandle and other objects work as well.

       Use of carpout() is not great for performance, so it is recommended for debugging purposes or for
       moderate-use applications.  A future version of this module may delay redirecting STDERR until one of
       the CGI::Carp methods is called to prevent the performance hit.

MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
       If you want to send fatal (die, confess) errors to the browser, ask to import the special
       "fatalsToBrowser" subroutine:

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
           die "Bad error here";

       Fatal errors will now be echoed to the browser as well as to the log.  CGI::Carp arranges to send a
       minimal HTTP header to the browser so that even errors that occur in the early compile phase will be
       seen.  Nonfatal errors will still be directed to the log file only (unless redirected with carpout).

       Note that fatalsToBrowser may not work well with mod_perl version 2.0 and higher.

   Changing the default message
       By default, the software error message is followed by a note to contact the Webmaster by e-mail with
       the time and date of the error.  If this message is not to your liking, you can change it using the
       set_message() routine.  This is not imported by default; you should import it on the use() line:

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
           set_message("It's not a bug, it's a feature!");

       You may also pass in a code reference in order to create a custom error message.  At run time, your
       code will be called with the text of the error message that caused the script to die.  Example:

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
           BEGIN {
              sub handle_errors {
                 my $msg = shift;
                 print "<h1>Oh gosh</h1>";
                 print "<p>Got an error: $msg</p>";
             }
             set_message(\&handle_errors);
           }

       In order to correctly intercept compile-time errors, you should call set_message() from within a
       BEGIN{} block.

DOING MORE THAN PRINTING A MESSAGE IN THE EVENT OF PERL ERRORS
       If fatalsToBrowser in conjunction with set_message does not provide you with all of the functionality
       you need, you can go one step further by specifying a function to be executed any time a script calls
       "die", has a syntax error, or dies unexpectedly at runtime with a line like "undef->explode();".

           use CGI::Carp qw(set_die_handler);
           BEGIN {
              sub handle_errors {
                 my $msg = shift;
                 print "content-type: text/html\n\n";
                 print "<h1>Oh gosh</h1>";
                 print "<p>Got an error: $msg</p>";

                 #proceed to send an email to a system administrator,
                 #write a detailed message to the browser and/or a log,
                 #etc....
             }
             set_die_handler(\&handle_errors);
           }

       Notice that if you use set_die_handler(), you must handle sending HTML headers to the browser
       yourself if you are printing a message.

       If you use set_die_handler(), you will most likely interfere with the behavior of fatalsToBrowser, so
       you must use this or that, not both.

       Using set_die_handler() sets SIG{__DIE__} (as does fatalsToBrowser), and there is only one
       SIG{__DIE__}. This means that if you are attempting to set SIG{__DIE__} yourself, you may interfere
       with this module's functionality, or this module may interfere with your module's functionality.

   SUPPRESSING PERL ERRORS APPEARING IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
       A problem sometimes encountered when using fatalsToBrowser is when a "die()" is done inside an "eval"
       body or expression.  Even though the fatalsToBrower support takes precautions to avoid this, you
       still may get the error message printed to STDOUT.  This may have some undesireable effects when the
       purpose of doing the eval is to determine which of several algorithms is to be used.

       By setting $CGI::Carp::TO_BROWSER to 0 you can suppress printing the "die" messages but without all
       of the complexity of using "set_die_handler".  You can localize this effect to inside "eval" bodies
       if this is desireable: For example:

        eval {
          local $CGI::Carp::TO_BROWSER = 0;
          die "Fatal error messages not sent browser"
        }
        # $@ will contain error message

MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
       It is now also possible to make non-fatal errors appear as HTML comments embedded in the output of
       your program.  To enable this feature, export the new "warningsToBrowser" subroutine.  Since sending
       warnings to the browser before the HTTP headers have been sent would cause an error, any warnings are
       stored in an internal buffer until you call the warningsToBrowser() subroutine with a true argument:

           use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser warningsToBrowser);
           use CGI qw(:standard);
           print header();
           warningsToBrowser(1);

       You may also give a false argument to warningsToBrowser() to prevent warnings from being sent to the
       browser while you are printing some content where HTML comments are not allowed:

           warningsToBrowser(0);    # disable warnings
           print "<script type=\"text/javascript\"><!--\n";
           print_some_javascript_code();
           print "//--></script>\n";
           warningsToBrowser(1);    # re-enable warnings

       Note: In this respect warningsToBrowser() differs fundamentally from fatalsToBrowser(), which you
       should never call yourself!

OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
       CGI::Carp includes the name of the program that generated the error or warning in the messages
       written to the log and the browser window.  Sometimes, Perl can get confused about what the actual
       name of the executed program was.  In these cases, you can override the program name that CGI::Carp
       will use for all messages.

       The quick way to do that is to tell CGI::Carp the name of the program in its use statement.  You can
       do that by adding "name=cgi_carp_log_name" to your "use" statement.  For example:

           use CGI::Carp qw(name=cgi_carp_log_name);

       .  If you want to change the program name partway through the program, you can use the
       "set_progname()" function instead.  It is not exported by default, you must import it explicitly by
       saying

           use CGI::Carp qw(set_progname);

       Once you've done that, you can change the logged name of the program at any time by calling

           set_progname(new_program_name);

       You can set the program back to the default by calling

           set_progname(undef);

       Note that this override doesn't happen until after the program has compiled, so any compile-time
       errors will still show up with the non-overridden program name

CHANGE LOG
       3.51 Added $CGI::Carp::TO_BROWSER

       1.29 Patch from Peter Whaite to fix the unfixable problem of CGI::Carp
            not behaving correctly in an eval() context.

       1.05 carpout() added and minor corrections by Marc Hedlund
            <hedlund@best.com> on 11/26/95.

       1.06 fatalsToBrowser() no longer aborts for fatal errors within
            eval() statements.

       1.08 set_message() added and carpout() expanded to allow for FileHandle
            objects.

       1.09 set_message() now allows users to pass a code REFERENCE for
            really custom error messages.  croak and carp are now
            exported by default.  Thanks to Gunther Birznieks for the
            patches.

       1.10 Patch from Chris Dean (ctdean@cogit.com) to allow
            module to run correctly under mod_perl.

       1.11 Changed order of &gt; and &lt; escapes.

       1.12 Changed die() on line 217 to CORE::die to avoid -w warning.

       1.13 Added cluck() to make the module orthogonal with Carp.
            More mod_perl related fixes.

       1.20 Patch from Ilmari Karonen (perl@itz.pp.sci.fi):  Added
            warningsToBrowser().  Replaced <CODE> tags with <PRE> in
            fatalsToBrowser() output.

       1.23 ineval() now checks both $^S and inspects the message for the "eval" pattern
            (hack alert!) in order to accommodate various combinations of Perl and
            mod_perl.

       1.24 Patch from Scott Gifford (sgifford@suspectclass.com): Add support
            for overriding program name.

       1.26 Replaced CORE::GLOBAL::die with the evil $SIG{__DIE__} because the
            former isn't working in some people's hands.  There is no such thing
            as reliable exception handling in Perl.

       1.27 Replaced tell STDOUT with bytes=tell STDOUT.

AUTHORS
       Copyright 1995-2002, Lincoln D. Stein.  All rights reserved.

       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
       itself.

       Address bug reports and comments to: lstein@cshl.org

SEE ALSO
       Carp, CGI::Base, CGI::BasePlus, CGI::Request, CGI::MiniSvr, CGI::Form, CGI::Response



perl v5.16.2                                     2012-10-11                                   CGI::Carp(3pm)