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File::GlobMapper(3pm)                 Perl Programmers Reference Guide                 File::GlobMapper(3pm)



NAME
       File::GlobMapper - Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files

SYNOPSIS
           use File::GlobMapper qw( globmap );

           my $aref = globmap $input => $output
               or die $File::GlobMapper::Error ;

           my $gm = new File::GlobMapper $input => $output
               or die $File::GlobMapper::Error ;

DESCRIPTION
       This module needs Perl5.005 or better.

       This module takes the existing "File::Glob" module as a starting point and extends it to allow new
       filenames to be derived from the files matched by "File::Glob".

       This can be useful when carrying out batch operations on multiple files that have both an input
       filename and output filename and the output file can be derived from the input filename. Examples of
       operations where this can be useful include, file renaming, file copying and file compression.

   Behind The Scenes
       To help explain what "File::GlobMapper" does, consider what code you would write if you wanted to
       rename all files in the current directory that ended in ".tar.gz" to ".tgz". So say these files are
       in the current directory

           alpha.tar.gz
           beta.tar.gz
           gamma.tar.gz

       and they need renamed to this

           alpha.tgz
           beta.tgz
           gamma.tgz

       Below is a possible implementation of a script to carry out the rename (error cases have been
       omitted)

           foreach my $old ( glob "*.tar.gz" )
           {
               my $new = $old;
               $new =~ s#(.*)\.tar\.gz$#$1.tgz# ;

               rename $old => $new
                   or die "Cannot rename '$old' to '$new': $!\n;
           }

       Notice that a file glob pattern "*.tar.gz" was used to match the ".tar.gz" files, then a fairly
       similar regular expression was used in the substitute to allow the new filename to be created.

       Given that the file glob is just a cut-down regular expression and that it has already done a lot of
       the hard work in pattern matching the filenames, wouldn't it be handy to be able to use the patterns
       in the fileglob to drive the new filename?

       Well, that's exactly what "File::GlobMapper" does.

       Here is same snippet of code rewritten using "globmap"

           for my $pair (globmap '<*.tar.gz>' => '<#1.tgz>' )
           {
               my ($from, $to) = @$pair;
               rename $from => $to
                   or die "Cannot rename '$old' to '$new': $!\n;
           }

       So how does it work?

       Behind the scenes the "globmap" function does a combination of a file glob to match existing
       filenames followed by a substitute to create the new filenames.

       Notice how both parameters to "globmap" are strings that are delimited by <>.  This is done to make
       them look more like file globs - it is just syntactic sugar, but it can be handy when you want the
       strings to be visually distinctive. The enclosing <> are optional, so you don't have to use them - in
       fact the first thing globmap will do is remove these delimiters if they are present.

       The first parameter to "globmap", "*.tar.gz", is an Input File Glob.  Once the enclosing "< ... >" is
       removed, this is passed (more or less) unchanged to "File::Glob" to carry out a file match.

       Next the fileglob "*.tar.gz" is transformed behind the scenes into a full Perl regular expression,
       with the additional step of wrapping each transformed wildcard metacharacter sequence in parenthesis.

       In this case the input fileglob "*.tar.gz" will be transformed into this Perl regular expression

           ([^/]*)\.tar\.gz

       Wrapping with parenthesis allows the wildcard parts of the Input File Glob to be referenced by the
       second parameter to "globmap", "#1.tgz", the Output File Glob. This parameter operates just like the
       replacement part of a substitute command. The difference is that the "#1" syntax is used to reference
       sub-patterns matched in the input fileglob, rather than the $1 syntax that is used with perl regular
       expressions. In this case "#1" is used to refer to the text matched by the "*" in the Input File
       Glob. This makes it easier to use this module where the parameters to "globmap" are typed at the
       command line.

       The final step involves passing each filename matched by the "*.tar.gz" file glob through the derived
       Perl regular expression in turn and expanding the output fileglob using it.

       The end result of all this is a list of pairs of filenames. By default that is what is returned by
       "globmap". In this example the data structure returned will look like this

            ( ['alpha.tar.gz' => 'alpha.tgz'],
              ['beta.tar.gz'  => 'beta.tgz' ],
              ['gamma.tar.gz' => 'gamma.tgz']
            )

       Each pair is an array reference with two elements - namely the from filename, that "File::Glob" has
       matched, and a to filename that is derived from the from filename.

   Limitations
       "File::GlobMapper" has been kept simple deliberately, so it isn't intended to solve all filename
       mapping operations. Under the hood "File::Glob" (or for older versions of Perl, "File::BSDGlob") is
       used to match the files, so you will never have the flexibility of full Perl regular expression.

   Input File Glob
       The syntax for an Input FileGlob is identical to "File::Glob", except for the following

       1.   No nested {}

       2.   Whitespace does not delimit fileglobs.

       3.   The use of parenthesis can be used to capture parts of the input filename.

       4.   If an Input glob matches the same file more than once, only the first will be used.

       The syntax

       ~
       ~user
       .    Matches a literal '.'.  Equivalent to the Perl regular expression

                \.

       *    Matches zero or more characters, except '/'. Equivalent to the Perl regular expression

                [^/]*

       ?    Matches zero or one character, except '/'. Equivalent to the Perl regular expression

                [^/]?

       \    Backslash is used, as usual, to escape the next character.

       []   Character class.

       {,}  Alternation

       ()   Capturing parenthesis that work just like perl

       Any other character it taken literally.

   Output File Glob
       The Output File Glob is a normal string, with 2 glob-like features.

       The first is the '*' metacharacter. This will be replaced by the complete filename matched by the
       input file glob. So

           *.c *.Z

       The second is

       Output FileGlobs take the

       "*"  The "*" character will be replaced with the complete input filename.

       #1   Patterns of the form /#\d/ will be replaced with the

   Returned Data
EXAMPLES
   A Rename script
       Below is a simple "rename" script that uses "globmap" to determine the source and destination
       filenames.

           use File::GlobMapper qw(globmap) ;
           use File::Copy;

           die "rename: Usage rename 'from' 'to'\n"
               unless @ARGV == 2 ;

           my $fromGlob = shift @ARGV;
           my $toGlob   = shift @ARGV;

           my $pairs = globmap($fromGlob, $toGlob)
               or die $File::GlobMapper::Error;

           for my $pair (@$pairs)
           {
               my ($from, $to) = @$pair;
               move $from => $to ;
           }

       Here is an example that renames all c files to cpp.

           $ rename '*.c' '#1.cpp'

   A few example globmaps
       Below are a few examples of globmaps

       To copy all your .c file to a backup directory

           '</my/home/*.c>'    '</my/backup/#1.c>'

       If you want to compress all

           '</my/home/*.[ch]>'    '<*.gz>'

       To uncompress

           '</my/home/*.[ch].gz>'    '</my/home/#1.#2>'

SEE ALSO
       File::Glob

AUTHOR
       The File::GlobMapper module was written by Paul Marquess, pmqs@cpan.org.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       Copyright (c) 2005 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.  This program is free software; you can
       redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.



perl v5.12.5                                     2012-11-03                            File::GlobMapper(3pm)