Страницы справочника OS X

Эта страница руководства для  версии 10.9 Mac OS X

Читать страницы руководства

Getopt::Long::Descriptive(3)         User Contributed Perl Documentation        Getopt::Long::Descriptive(3)



NAME
       Getopt::Long::Descriptive - Getopt::Long, but simpler and more powerful

VERSION
       version 0.092

SYNOPSIS
         use Getopt::Long::Descriptive;

         my ($opt, $usage) = describe_options(
           'my-program %o <some-arg>',
           [ 'server|s=s', "the server to connect to"                  ],
           [ 'port|p=i',   "the port to connect to", { default => 79 } ],
           [],
           [ 'verbose|v',  "print extra stuff"            ],
           [ 'help',       "print usage message and exit" ],
         );

         print($usage->text), exit if $opt->help;

         Client->connect( $opt->server, $opt->port );

         print "Connected!\n" if $opt->verbose;

       ...and running "my-program --help" will produce:

         my-program [-psv] [long options...] <some-arg>
           -s --server     the server to connect to
           -p --port       the port to connect to

           -v --verbose    print extra stuff
           --help          print usage message and exit

DESCRIPTION
       Getopt::Long::Descriptive is yet another Getopt library.  It's built atop Getopt::Long, and gets a
       lot of its features, but tries to avoid making you think about its huge array of options.

       It also provides usage (help) messages, data validation, and a few other useful features.

FUNCTIONS
       Getopt::Long::Descriptive only exports one routine by default: "describe_options".  All GLD's exports
       are exported by Sub::Exporter.

   describe_options
         my ($opt, $usage) = describe_options($usage_desc, @opt_spec, \%arg);

       This routine inspects @ARGV returns the options given and a object for generating usage messages.

       The $opt object will be a dynamically-generated subclass of Getopt::Long::Descriptive::Opts.  In
       brief, each of the options in @opt_spec becomes an accessor method on the object, using the first-given firstgiven
       given name, with dashes converted to underscores.  For more information, see the documentation for
       the Opts class.

       The $usage object will be a Getopt::Long::Descriptive::Usage object, which provides a "text" method
       to get the text of the usage message and "die" to die with it.  For more methods and options,
       consults the documentation for the Usage class.

       $usage_desc

       The $usage_desc parameter to "describe_options" is a "sprintf"-like string that is used in generating
       the first line of the usage message.  It's a one-line summary of how the command is to be invoked.  A
       typical usage description might be:

         $usage_desc = "%c %o <source> <desc>";

       %c will be replaced with what Getopt::Long::Descriptive thinks is the program name (it's computed
       from $0, see "prog_name").

       %o will be replaced with a list of the short options, as well as the text "[long options...]" if any
       have been defined.

       The rest of the usage description can be used to summarize what arguments are expected to follow the
       program's options, and is entirely free-form.

       Literal "%" characters will need to be written as "%%", just like with "sprintf".

       @opt_spec

       The @opt_spec part of the args to "describe_options" is used to configure option parsing and to
       produce the usage message.  Each entry in the list is an arrayref describing one option, like this:

         @opt_spec = (
           [ "verbose|V" => "be noisy"       ],
           [ "logfile=s" => "file to log to" ],
         );

       The first value in the arrayref is a Getopt::Long-style option specification.  In brief, they work
       like this:  each one is a pipe-delimited list of names, optionally followed by a type declaration.
       Type declarations are '=x' or ':x', where "=" means a value is required and ":" means it is optional.
       x may be 's' to indicate a string is required, 'i' for an integer, or 'f' for a number with a
       fractional part.  The type spec may end in "@" to indicate that the option may appear multiple times.

       For more information on how these work, see the Getopt::Long documentation.

       The first name given should be the canonical name, as it will be used as the accessor method on the
       $opt object.  Dashes in the name will be converted to underscores, and all letters will be
       lowercased.  For this reason, all options should generally have a long-form name.

       The second value in the arrayref is a description of the option, for use in the usage message.

       Special Option Specifications

       If the option specification (arrayref) is empty, it will have no effect other than causing a blank
       line to appear in the usage message.

       If the option specification contains only one element, it will be printed in the usage message with
       no other effect.

       If the option specification contains a third element, it adds extra constraints or modifiers to the
       interpretation and validation of the value.  These are the keys that may be present in that hashref,
       and how they behave:

       implies
             implies => 'bar'
             implies => [qw(foo bar)]
             implies => { foo => 1, bar => 2 }

           If option A has an "implies" entry, then if A is given, other options will be enabled.  The value
           may be a single option to set, an arrayref of options to set, or a hashref of options to set to
           specific values.

       required
             required => 1

           If an option is required, failure to provide the option will result in "describe_options"
           printing the usage message and exiting.

       hidden
             hidden => 1

           This option will not show up in the usage text.

           You can achieve the same behavior by using the string "hidden" for the option's description.

       one_of
             one_of => \@subopt_specs

           This is useful for a group of options that are related.  Each option spec is added to the list
           for normal parsing and validation.

           Your option name will end up with a value of the name of the option that was chosen.  For
           example, given the following spec:

             [ "mode" => hidden => { one_of => [
               [ "get|g"  => "get the value" ],
               [ "set|s"  => "set the value" ],
               [ "delete" => "delete it" ],
             ] } ],

           No usage text for 'mode' will be displayed, but text for get, set, and delete will be displayed.

           If more than one of get, set, or delete is given, an error will be thrown.

           So, given the @opt_spec above, and an @ARGV of "('--get')", the following would be true:

             $opt->get == 1;

             $opt->mode eq 'get';

           Note: "get" would not be set if "mode" defaulted to 'get' and no arguments were passed in.

           Even though the option sub-specs for "one_of" are meant to be 'first class' specs, some options
           don't make sense with them, e.g. "required".

           As a further shorthand, you may specify "one_of" options using this form:

             [ mode => \@option_specs, \%constraints ]

       Params::Validate
           In addition, any constraint understood by Params::Validate may be used.

           (Internally, all constraints are translated into Params::Validate options or callbacks.)

       %arg

       The %arg to "describe_options" is optional.  If the last parameter is a hashref, it contains extra
       arguments to modify the way "describe_options" works.  Valid arguments are:

         getopt_conf - an arrayref of strings, passed to Getopt::Long::Configure

   prog_name
       This routine, exported on demand, returns the basename of $0, grabbed at compile-time.  You can
       override this guess by calling "prog_name($string)" yourself.

OTHER EXPORTS
   "-types"
       Any of the Params::Validate type constants ("SCALAR", etc.) can be imported as well.  You can get all
       of them at once by importing "-types".

   "-all"
       This import group will import "-type", "describe_options", and "prog_name".

CUSTOMIZING
       Getopt::Long::Descriptive uses Sub::Exporter to build and export the "describe_options" routine.  By
       writing a new class that extends Getopt::Long::Descriptive, the behavior of the constructed
       "describe_options" routine can be changed.

       The following methods can be overridden:

   usage_class
         my $class = Getopt::Long::Descriptive->usage_class;

       This returns the class to be used for constructing a Usage object, and defaults to
       Getopt::Long::Descriptive::Usage.

SEE ALSO
       •   Getopt::Long

       •   Params::Validate

AUTHORS
       •   Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org>

       •   Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       This software is copyright (c) 2005 by Hans Dieter Pearcey.

       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5
       programming language system itself.



perl v5.16.2                                     2012-07-31                     Getopt::Long::Descriptive(3)