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Locale::Codes(3pm)                    Perl Programmers Reference Guide                    Locale::Codes(3pm)



NAME
       Locale::Codes - a distribution of modules to handle locale codes

DESCRIPTION
       Locale-Codes is a distribution containing a set of modules.  The modules each deal with different
       types of codes which identify parts of the locale including languages, countries, currency, etc.

       Currently, the following modules are included:

       Locale::Codes::Country, Locale::Country
           This includes support for country codes (such as those listed in ISO-3166) to specify the
           country.

           Because this module was originally distributed as Locale::Country, it is also available under
           that name.

       Locale::Codes::Language, Locale::Language
           This includes support for language codes (such as those listed in ISO-639) to specify the
           language.

           Because this module was originally distributed as Locale::Language, it is also available under
           that name.

       Locale::Codes::Currency, Locale::Currency
           This includes support for currency codes (such as those listed in ISO-4217) to specify the
           currency.

           Because this module was originally distributed as Locale::Currency, it is also available under
           that name.

       Locale::Codes::Script, Locale::Script
           This includes support for script codes (such as those listed in ISO-15924) to specify the script.

           Because this module was originally distributed as Locale::Script, it is also available under that
           name.

       Locale::Codes::LangExt
           This includes support for language extension codes (such as those listed in the IANA language
           registry) to specify the language extension.

       Locale::Codes::LangVar
           This includes support for language variation codes (such as those listed in the IANA language
           registry) to specify the language variation.

       Locale::Codes::LangFam
           This includes support for language family codes (such as those listed in ISO 639-5) to specify
           families of languages.

       Each module can support an arbitrary number of code sets, and it it not required that the
       relationship between these code sets be one-to-one.  For example, the Locale::Codes::Country module
       supports code sets from ISO-3166 and the FIPS 10 standard, and they do not break the world down into
       exactly the same sets of countries. This does not cause any problem (though converting codes from
       ISO-3166 to FIPS or back will not work except for countries that are one-to-one).

       All data in all of these modules comes directly from the original standards (or as close to direct as
       possible), so it should be up-to-date at the time of release.

       I plan on releasing a new version several times a year to incorporate any changes made in the
       standards. However, I don't always know about changes that occur, so if any of the standards change,
       and you want a new release sooner, just email me and I'll get one out.

       In addition to the modules above, there are a number of support modules included in the distribution
       including:

       Locale::Codes
       Locale::Codes::Constants
       Locale::Codes::Country_codes
       Locale::Codes::Language_codes
       Locale::Codes::Currency_codes
       Locale::Codes::Script_codes
       Locale::Codes::LangExt_codes
       Locale::Codes::LangVar_codes
       Locale::Codes::LangFam_codes

       These modules are not intended to be used by programmers. They contain functions or data that are
       used by the modules listed above.

NEW CODE SETS
       I'm always open to suggestions for new code sets.

       In order for me to add a code set, I want the following criteria to be met:

       General-use code set
           If a code set is not general use, I'm not likely to spend the time to add and support it.

       An official source of data
           I require an official (or at least, a NEARLY official) source where I can get the data on a
           regular basis.

           Ideally, I'd only get data from an official source, but sometimes that is not possible. For
           example the ISO standards are not typically available for free, so I may have to get some of that
           data from alternate sources that I'm confident are getting their data from the official source.
           However, I will always be hesitant to accept a non-official source.

           As an example, I used to get some country data from the CIA World Factbook. Given the nature of
           the source, I'm sure they're updating data from the official sources and I consider it "nearly"
           official.  However, even in this case, I found that they were adding codes that were not part of
           the standard, so I have stopped using them as a source.

           There are many 3rd party sites which maintain lists (many of which are actually in a more
           convenient form than the official sites).  Unfortunately, I will reject most of them since I have
           no feel for how "official" they are.

       A free source of the data
           Obviously, the data must be free-of-charge. I'm not interested in paying for the data (and I'm
           not interested in the overhead of having someone else pay for the data for me).

       A reliable source of data
           The source of data must come from a source that I can reasonably expect to exist for the
           foreseeable future since I will be extremely reluctant to drop support for a data set once it's
           included.

           I am also reluctant to accept data sent to me by an individual.  Although I appreciate the offer,
           it is simply not practical to consider an individual contribution as a reliable source of data.
           The source should be an official agency of some sort.

       These requirements are open to discussion. If you have a code set you'd like to see added, but which
       may not meet all of the above requirements, feel free to email me and we'll discuss it.  Depending on
       circumstances, I may be willing to waive some of these criteria.

COMMON ALIASES
       As of version 2.00, the modules supported common variants of names.

       For example, Locale::Country supports variant names for countries, and a few of the most common ones
       are included in the data. The country code for "United States" is "us", so:

          country2code('United States');
             => "us"

       Now the following will also return 'us':

          country2code('United States of America');
          country2code('USA');

       Any number of common aliases may be included in the data, in addition to the names that come directly
       from the standards.  If you have a common alias for a country, language, or any other of the types of
       codes, let me know and I'll add it, with some restrictions.

       For example, the country name "North Korea" never appeared in any of the official sources (instead,
       it was "Korea, North" or "Korea, Democratic People's Republic of". I would honor a request to add an
       alias "North Korea" since that's a very common way to specify the country (please don't request
       this... I've already added it).

       On the other hand, a request to add Zaire as an alias for "Congo, The Democratic Republic of" will
       not be honored. The country's official name is no longer Zaire, so adding it as an alias violates the
       standard.  Zaire was kept as an alias in versions prior to 3.00, but it has been removed. Other
       aliases (if any) which no longer appear in any standard (and which are not common variations of the
       name in the standards) have also been removed.

DEPRECATED CODES
       Occasionally, a code is deprecated, but it may still be desirable to have access to it.

       Although there is no way to see every code that has ever existed and been deprecated (since most
       codesets do not have that information available), as of version 3.20, every code which has ever been
       included in these modules can be referenced.

       For more information, refer to the documentation on the code2XXX, XXX2code, all_XXX_codes, and
       all_XXX_names function in the Locale::Codes::API documentation.

SEE ALSO
       Locale::Codes::API
           The list of functions available in each of the modules listed below.  The APIs for each module
           are exactly identical.

       Locale::Codes::Country
           Codes for identification of countries.

       Locale::Codes::Language
           Codes for identification of languages.

       Locale::Codes::Script
           Codes for identification of scripts.

       Locale::Codes::Currency
           Codes for identification of currencies and funds.

       Locale::Codes::Changes
           A history of changes made to this distribution.

AUTHOR
       Locale::Country and Locale::Language were originally written by Neil Bowers at the Canon Research
       Centre Europe (CRE). They maintained the distribution from 1997 to 2001.

       Locale::Currency was originally written by Michael Hennecke and was modified by Neil Bowers for
       inclusion in the distribution.

       From 2001 to 2004, maintenance was continued by Neil Bowers.  He modified Locale::Currency for
       inclusion in the distribution. He also added Locale::Constants and Locale::Script.

       From 2004-2009, the module was unmaintained.

       In 2010, maintenance was taken over by Sullivan Beck (sbeck@cpan.org) with Neil Bower's permission.
       All problems or comments should be sent there.  Alternately, problems can be reported using the perl
       problem tracker at:

          https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=Locale-Codes

COPYRIGHT
          Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Canon Research Centre Europe (CRE).
          Copyright (c) 2001      Michael Hennecke (Locale::Currency)
          Copyright (c) 2001-2010 Neil Bowers
          Copyright (c) 2010-2012 Sullivan Beck

       This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
       itself.



perl v5.16.2                                     2012-10-25                               Locale::Codes(3pm)