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Module::Build::Authoring(3pm)         Perl Programmers Reference Guide         Module::Build::Authoring(3pm)



NAME
       Module::Build::Authoring - Authoring Module::Build modules

DESCRIPTION
       When creating a "Build.PL" script for a module, something like the following code will typically be
       used:

         use Module::Build;
         my $build = Module::Build->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            license  => 'perl',
            requires => {
                         'perl'          => '5.6.1',
                         'Some::Module'  => '1.23',
                         'Other::Module' => '>= 1.2, != 1.5, < 2.0',
                        },
           );
         $build->create_build_script;

       A simple module could get away with something as short as this for its "Build.PL" script:

         use Module::Build;
         Module::Build->new(
           module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
           license     => 'perl',
         )->create_build_script;

       The model used by "Module::Build" is a lot like the "MakeMaker" metaphor, with the following
       correspondences:

          In Module::Build                 In ExtUtils::MakeMaker
         ---------------------------      ------------------------Build.PL -----------------------Build.PL
          Build.PL (initial script)        Makefile.PL (initial script)
          Build (a short perl script)      Makefile (a long Makefile)
          _build/ (saved state info)       various config text in the Makefile

       Any customization can be done simply by subclassing "Module::Build" and adding a method called (for
       example) "ACTION_test", overriding the default 'test' action.  You could also add a method called
       "ACTION_whatever", and then you could perform the action "Build whatever".

       For information on providing compatibility with "ExtUtils::MakeMaker", see Module::Build::Compat and
       <http://www.makemaker.org/wiki/index.cgi?ModuleBuildConversionGuide>.

STRUCTURE
       Module::Build creates a class hierarchy conducive to customization.  Here is the parent-child class
       hierarchy in classy ASCII art:

          /--------------------\
          |   Your::Parent     |  (If you subclass Module::Build)
          \--------------------/
                   |
                   |
          /--------------------\  (Doesn't define any functionality
          |   Module::Build    |   of its own - just figures out what
          \--------------------/   other modules to load.)
                   |
                   |
          /-----------------------------------\  (Some values of $^O may
          |   Module::Build::Platform::$^O    |   define specialized functionality.
          \-----------------------------------/   Otherwise it's ...::Default, a
                   |                              pass-through class.)
                   |
          /--------------------------\
          |   Module::Build::Base    |  (Most of the functionality of
          \--------------------------/   Module::Build is defined here.)

SUBCLASSING
       Right now, there are two ways to subclass Module::Build.  The first way is to create a regular module
       (in a ".pm" file) that inherits from Module::Build, and use that module's class instead of using
       Module::Build directly:

         ------ in Build.PL: ----------#!/usr/bin/perl ---------#!/usr/bin/perl
         #!/usr/bin/perl

         use lib q(/nonstandard/library/path);
         use My::Builder;  # Or whatever you want to call it

         my $build = My::Builder->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',  # All the regular args...
            license     => 'perl',
            dist_author => 'A N Other <me@here.net.au>',
            requires    => { Carp => 0 }
           );
         $build->create_build_script;

       This is relatively straightforward, and is the best way to do things if your My::Builder class
       contains lots of code.  The "create_build_script()" method will ensure that the current value of @INC
       (including the "/nonstandard/library/path") is propagated to the Build script, so that My::Builder
       can be found when running build actions.  If you find that you need to "chdir" into a different
       directories in your subclass methods or actions, be sure to always return to the original directory
       (available via the "base_dir()" method) before returning control to the parent class.  This is
       important to avoid data serialization problems.

       For very small additions, Module::Build provides a "subclass()" method that lets you subclass
       Module::Build more conveniently, without creating a separate file for your module:

         ------ in Build.PL: ----------#!/usr/bin/perl ---------#!/usr/bin/perl
         #!/usr/bin/perl

         use Module::Build;
         my $class = Module::Build->subclass
           (
            class => 'My::Builder',
            code => q{
              sub ACTION_foo {
                print "I'm fooing to death!\n";
              }
            },
           );

         my $build = $class->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',  # All the regular args...
            license     => 'perl',
            dist_author => 'A N Other <me@here.net.au>',
            requires    => { Carp => 0 }
           );
         $build->create_build_script;

       Behind the scenes, this actually does create a ".pm" file, since the code you provide must persist
       after Build.PL is run if it is to be very useful.

       See also the documentation for the "subclass()" in Module::Build::API method.

PREREQUISITES
   Types of prerequisites
       To specify what versions of other modules are used by this distribution, several types of
       prerequisites can be defined with the following parameters:

       configure_requires
          Items that must be installed before configuring this distribution (i.e. before running the
          Build.PL script).  This might be a specific minimum version of "Module::Build" or any other module
          the Build.PL needs in order to do its stuff.  Clients like "CPAN.pm" or "CPANPLUS" will be
          expected to pick "configure_requires" out of the META.yml file and install these items before
          running the "Build.PL".

          If no configure_requires is specified, the current version of Module::Build is automatically added
          to configure_requires.

       build_requires
          Items that are necessary for building and testing this distribution, but aren't necessary after
          installation.  This can help users who only want to install these items temporarily.  It also
          helps reduce the size of the CPAN dependency graph if everything isn't smooshed into "requires".

       requires
          Items that are necessary for basic functioning.

       recommends
          Items that are recommended for enhanced functionality, but there are ways to use this distribution
          without having them installed.  You might also think of this as "can use" or "is aware of" or
          "changes behavior in the presence of".

       conflicts
          Items that can cause problems with this distribution when installed.  This is pretty rare.

   Format of prerequisites
       The prerequisites are given in a hash reference, where the keys are the module names and the values
       are version specifiers:

         requires => {
                      Foo::Module => '2.4',
                      Bar::Module => 0,
                      Ken::Module => '>= 1.2, != 1.5, < 2.0',
                      perl => '5.6.0'
                     },

       The above four version specifiers have different effects.  The value '2.4' means that at least
       version 2.4 of "Foo::Module" must be installed.  The value 0 means that any version of "Bar::Module"
       is acceptable, even if "Bar::Module" doesn't define a version.  The more verbose value '>= 1.2, !=
       1.5, < 2.0' means that "Ken::Module"'s version must be at least 1.2, less than 2.0, and not equal to
       1.5.  The list of criteria is separated by commas, and all criteria must be satisfied.

       A special "perl" entry lets you specify the versions of the Perl interpreter that are supported by
       your module.  The same version dependency-checking semantics are available, except that we also
       understand perl's new double-dotted version numbers.

   XS Extensions
       Modules which need to compile XS code should list "ExtUtils::CBuilder" as a "build_requires" element.

SAVING CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
       Module::Build provides a very convenient way to save configuration information that your installed
       modules (or your regression tests) can access.  If your Build process calls the "feature()" or
       "config_data()" methods, then a "Foo::Bar::ConfigData" module will automatically be created for you,
       where "Foo::Bar" is the "module_name" parameter as passed to "new()".  This module provides access to
       the data saved by these methods, and a way to update the values.  There is also a utility script
       called "config_data" distributed with Module::Build that provides a command line interface to this
       same functionality.  See also the generated "Foo::Bar::ConfigData" documentation, and the
       "config_data" script's documentation, for more information.

STARTING MODULE DEVELOPMENT
       When starting development on a new module, it's rarely worth your time to create a tree of all the
       files by hand.  Some automatic module-creators are available: the oldest is "h2xs", which has shipped
       with perl itself for a long time.  Its name reflects the fact that modules were originally conceived
       of as a way to wrap up a C library (thus the "h" part) into perl extensions (thus the "xs" part).

       These days, "h2xs" has largely been superseded by modules like "ExtUtils::ModuleMaker", and
       "Module::Starter".  They have varying degrees of support for "Module::Build".

AUTOMATION
       One advantage of Module::Build is that since it's implemented as Perl methods, you can invoke these
       methods directly if you want to install a module non-interactively.  For instance, the following Perl
       script will invoke the entire build/install procedure:

         my $build = Module::Build->new(module_name => 'MyModule');
         $build->dispatch('build');
         $build->dispatch('test');
         $build->dispatch('install');

       If any of these steps encounters an error, it will throw a fatal exception.

       You can also pass arguments as part of the build process:

         my $build = Module::Build->new(module_name => 'MyModule');
         $build->dispatch('build');
         $build->dispatch('test', verbose => 1);
         $build->dispatch('install', sitelib => '/my/secret/place/');

       Building and installing modules in this way skips creating the "Build" script.

MIGRATION
       Note that if you want to provide both a Makefile.PL and a Build.PL for your distribution, you
       probably want to add the following to "WriteMakefile" in your Makefile.PL so that "MakeMaker" doesn't
       try to run your Build.PL as a normal .PL file:

         PL_FILES => {},

       You may also be interested in looking at the "Module::Build::Compat" module, which can automatically
       create various kinds of Makefile.PL compatibility layers.

AUTHOR
       Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org>

       Development questions, bug reports, and patches should be sent to the Module-Build mailing list at
       <module-build@perl.org>.

       Bug reports are also welcome at <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Module-Build>.

       The latest development version is available from the Git repository at
       <https://github.com/dagolden/module-build/>

SEE ALSO
       perl(1), Module::Build(3), Module::Build::API(3), Module::Build::Cookbook(3), ExtUtils::MakeMaker(3),
       YAML(3)

       META.yml Specification: CPAN::META::Spec

       <http://www.dsmit.com/cons/>

       <http://search.cpan.org/dist/PerlBuildSystem/>



perl v5.16.2                                     2012-10-25                    Module::Build::Authoring(3pm)