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Module::Build::Cookbook(3pm)          Perl Programmers Reference Guide          Module::Build::Cookbook(3pm)



NAME
       Module::Build::Cookbook - Examples of Module::Build Usage

DESCRIPTION
       "Module::Build" isn't conceptually very complicated, but examples are always helpful.  The following
       recipes should help developers and/or installers put together the pieces from the other parts of the
       documentation.

BASIC RECIPES
   Installing modules that use Module::Build
       In most cases, you can just issue the following commands:

         perl Build.PL
         ./Build
         ./Build test
         ./Build install

       There's nothing complicated here - first you're running a script called Build.PL, then you're running
       a (newly-generated) script called Build and passing it various arguments.

       The exact commands may vary a bit depending on how you invoke perl scripts on your system.  For
       instance, if you have multiple versions of perl installed, you can install to one particular perl's
       library directories like so:

         /usr/bin/perl5.8.1 Build.PL
         ./Build
         ./Build test
         ./Build install

       If you're on Windows where the current directory is always searched first for scripts, you'll
       probably do something like this:

         perl Build.PL
         Build
         Build test
         Build install

       On the old Mac OS (version 9 or lower) using MacPerl, you can double-click on the Build.PL script to
       create the Build script, then double-click on the Build script to run its "build", "test", and
       "install" actions.

       The Build script knows what perl was used to run Build.PL, so you don't need to re-invoke the Build
       script with the complete perl path each time.  If you invoke it with the wrong perl path, you'll get
       a warning or a fatal error.

   Modifying Config.pm values
       "Module::Build" relies heavily on various values from perl's "Config.pm" to do its work.  For
       example, default installation paths are given by "installsitelib" and "installvendorman3dir" and
       friends, C linker & compiler settings are given by "ld", "lddlflags", "cc", "ccflags", and so on.  If
       you're pretty sure you know what you're doing, you can tell "Module::Build" to pretend there are
       different values in Config.pm than what's really there, by passing arguments for the "--config"
       parameter on the command line:

         perl Build.PL --config cc=gcc --config ld=gcc

       Inside the "Build.PL" script the same thing can be accomplished by passing values for the "config"
       parameter to "new()":

        my $build = Module::Build->new
          (
           ...
           config => { cc => 'gcc', ld => 'gcc' },
           ...
          );

       In custom build code, the same thing can be accomplished by calling the "config" in Module::Build
       method:

        $build->config( cc => 'gcc' );     # Set
        $build->config( ld => 'gcc' );     # Set
        ...
        my $linker = $build->config('ld'); # Get

   Installing modules using the programmatic interface
       If you need to build, test, and/or install modules from within some other perl code (as opposed to
       having the user type installation commands at the shell), you can use the programmatic interface.
       Create a Module::Build object (or an object of a custom Module::Build subclass) and then invoke its
       "dispatch()" method to run various actions.

         my $build = Module::Build->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            license     => 'perl',
            requires    => { 'Some::Module'   => '1.23' },
           );
         $build->dispatch('build');
         $build->dispatch('test', verbose => 1);
         $build->dispatch('install');

       The first argument to "dispatch()" is the name of the action, and any following arguments are named
       parameters.

       This is the interface we use to test Module::Build itself in the regression tests.

   Installing to a temporary directory
       To create packages for package managers like RedHat's "rpm" or Debian's "deb", you may need to
       install to a temporary directory first and then create the package from that temporary installation.
       To do this, specify the "destdir" parameter to the "install" action:

         ./Build install --destdir /tmp/my-package-1.003

       This essentially just prepends all the installation paths with the /tmp/my-package-1.__3 directory.

   Installing to a non-standard directory
       To install to a non-standard directory (for example, if you don't have permission to install in the
       system-wide directories), you can use the "install_base" or "prefix" parameters:

         ./Build install --install_base /foo/bar

       See "INSTALL PATHS" in Module::Build for a much more complete discussion of how installation paths
       are determined.

   Installing in the same location as ExtUtils::MakeMaker
       With the introduction of "--prefix" in Module::Build 0.28 and "INSTALL_BASE" in "ExtUtils::MakeMaker"
       6.31 its easy to get them both to install to the same locations.

       First, ensure you have at least version 0.28 of Module::Build installed and 6.31 of
       "ExtUtils::MakeMaker".  Prior versions have differing (and in some cases quite strange) installation
       behaviors.

       The following installation flags are equivalent between "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" and "Module::Build".

           MakeMaker             Module::Build
           PREFIX=...            --prefix ...
           INSTALL_BASE=...      --install_base ...
           DESTDIR=...           --destdir ...
           LIB=...               --install_path lib=...
           INSTALLDIRS=...       --installdirs ...
           INSTALLDIRS=perl      --installdirs core
           UNINST=...            --uninst ...
           INC=...               --extra_compiler_flags ...
           POLLUTE=1             --extra_compiler_flags -DPERL_POLLUTE

       For example, if you are currently installing "MakeMaker" modules with this command:

           perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~
           make test
           make install UNINST=1

       You can install into the same location with Module::Build using this:

           perl Build.PL --prefix ~
           ./Build test
           ./Build install --uninst 1

       "prefix" vs "install_base"

       The behavior of "prefix" is complicated and depends on how your Perl is configured.  The resulting
       installation locations will vary from machine to machine and even different installations of Perl on
       the same machine.  Because of this, it's difficult to document where "prefix" will place your
       modules.

       In contrast, "install_base" has predictable, easy to explain installation locations.  Now that
       "Module::Build" and "MakeMaker" both have "install_base" there is little reason to use "prefix" other
       than to preserve your existing installation locations.  If you are starting a fresh Perl installation
       we encourage you to use "install_base".  If you have an existing installation installed via "prefix",
       consider moving it to an installation structure matching "install_base" and using that instead.

   Running a single test file
       "Module::Build" supports running a single test, which enables you to track down errors more quickly.
       Use the following format:

         ./Build test --test_files t/mytest.t

       In addition, you may want to run the test in verbose mode to get more informative output:

         ./Build test --test_files t/mytest.t --verbose 1

       I run this so frequently that I define the following shell alias:

         alias t './Build test --verbose 1 --test_files'

       So then I can just execute "t t/mytest.t" to run a single test.

ADVANCED RECIPES
   Making a CPAN.pm-compatible distribution
       New versions of CPAN.pm understand how to use a Build.PL script, but old versions don't.  If authors
       want to help users who have old versions, some form of Makefile.PL should be supplied.  The easiest
       way to accomplish this is to use the "create_makefile_pl" parameter to "Module::Build->new()" in the
       "Build.PL" script, which can create various flavors of Makefile.PL during the "dist" action.

       As a best practice, we recommend using the "traditional" style of Makefile.PL unless your
       distribution has needs that can't be accomplished that way.

       The "Module::Build::Compat" module, which is part of "Module::Build"'s distribution, is responsible
       for creating these Makefile.PLs.  Please see Module::Build::Compat for the details.

   Changing the order of the build process
       The "build_elements" property specifies the steps "Module::Build" will take when building a
       distribution.  To change the build order, change the order of the entries in that property:

         # Process pod files first
         my @e = @{$build->build_elements};
         my ($i) = grep {$e[$_] eq 'pod'} 0..$#e;
         unshift @e, splice @e, $i, 1;

       Currently, "build_elements" has the following default value:

         [qw( PL support pm xs pod script )]

       Do take care when altering this property, since there may be non-obvious (and non-documented!)
       ordering dependencies in the "Module::Build" code.

   Adding new file types to the build process
       Sometimes you might have extra types of files that you want to install alongside the standard types
       like .pm and .pod files.  For instance, you might have a Bar.dat file containing some data related to
       the "Foo::Bar" module and you'd like for it to end up as Foo/Bar.dat somewhere in perl's @INC path so
       "Foo::Bar" can access it easily at runtime.  The following code from a sample "Build.PL" file
       demonstrates how to accomplish this:

         use Module::Build;
         my $build = Module::Build->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            ...other stuff here...
           );
         $build->add_build_element('dat');
         $build->create_build_script;

       This will find all .dat files in the lib/ directory, copy them to the blib/lib/ directory during the
       "build" action, and install them during the "install" action.

       If your extra files aren't located in the "lib/" directory in your distribution, you can explicitly
       say where they are, just as you'd do with .pm or .pod files:

         use Module::Build;
         my $build = new Module::Build
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            dat_files => {'some/dir/Bar.dat' => 'lib/Foo/Bar.dat'},
            ...other stuff here...
           );
         $build->add_build_element('dat');
         $build->create_build_script;

       If your extra files actually need to be created on the user's machine, or if they need some other
       kind of special processing, you'll probably want to subclass "Module::Build" and create a special
       method to process them, named "process_${kind}_files()":

         use Module::Build;
         my $class = Module::Build->subclass(code => <<'EOF');
           sub process_dat_files {
             my $self = shift;
             ... locate and process *.dat files,
             ... and create something in blib/lib/
           }
         EOF
         my $build = $class->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            ...other stuff here...
           );
         $build->add_build_element('dat');
         $build->create_build_script;

       If your extra files don't go in lib/ but in some other place, see "Adding new elements to the install
       process" for how to actually get them installed.

       Please note that these examples use some capabilities of Module::Build that first appeared in version
       0.26.  Before that it could still be done, but the simple cases took a bit more work.

   Adding new elements to the install process
       By default, Module::Build creates seven subdirectories of the blib directory during the build
       process: lib, arch, bin, script, bindoc, libdoc, and html (some of these may be missing or empty if
       there's nothing to go in them).  Anything copied to these directories during the build will
       eventually be installed during the "install" action (see "INSTALL PATHS" in Module::Build.

       If you need to create a new custom type of installable element, e.g. "conf", then you need to tell
       Module::Build where things in blib/conf/ should be installed.  To do this, use the "install_path"
       parameter to the "new()" method:

         my $build = Module::Build->new
           (
            ...other stuff here...
            install_path => { conf => $installation_path }
           );

       Or you can call the "install_path()" method later:

         $build->install_path(conf => $installation_path);

       The user may also specify the path on the command line:

         perl Build.PL --install_path conf=/foo/path/etc

       The important part, though, is that somehow the install path needs to be set, or else nothing in the
       blib/conf/ directory will get installed, and a runtime error during the "install" action will result.

       See also "Adding new file types to the build process" for how to create the stuff in blib/conf/ in
       the first place.

EXAMPLES ON CPAN
       Several distributions on CPAN are making good use of various features of Module::Build.  They can
       serve as real-world examples for others.

   SVN-Notify-Mirror
       http://search.cpan.org/~jpeacock/SVN-Notify-Mirror/ <http://search .cpan.org / ~ jpeacock/SVN-Notify-
       Зеркало />

       John Peacock, author of the "SVN-Notify-Mirror" distribution, says:

       1. Using "auto_features", I check to see whether two optional modules are available -SVN::Notify::Config availableSVN::Notify::Config
       SVN::Notify::Config and Net::SSH;
       2. If the S::N::Config module is loaded, I automatically generate test files for it during Build
       (using the "PL_files" property).
       3. If the "ssh_feature" is available, I ask if the user wishes to perform the ssh tests (since it
       requires a little preliminary setup);
       4. Only if the user has "ssh_feature" and answers yes to the testing, do I generate a test file.
           I'm sure I could not have handled this complexity with EU::MM, but it was very easy to do with
           M::B.

   Modifying an action
       Sometimes you might need an to have an action, say "./Build install", do something unusual.  For
       instance, you might need to change the ownership of a file or do something else peculiar to your
       application.

       You can subclass "Module::Build" on the fly using the "subclass()" method and override the methods
       that perform the actions.  You may need to read through "Module::Build::Authoring" and
       "Module::Build::API" to find the methods you want to override.  All "action" methods are implemented
       by a method called "ACTION_" followed by the action's name, so here's an example of how it would work
       for the "install" action:

         # Build.PL
         use Module::Build;
         my $class = Module::Build->subclass(
             class => "Module::Build::Custom",
             code => <<'SUBCLASS' );

         sub ACTION_install {
             my $self = shift;
             # YOUR CODE HERE
             $self->SUPER::ACTION_install;
         }
         SUBCLASS

         $class->new(
             module_name => 'Your::Module',
             # rest of the usual Module::Build parameters
         )->create_build_script;

   Adding an action
       You can add a new "./Build" action simply by writing the method for it in your subclass.  Use
       "depends_on" to declare that another action must have been run before your action.

       For example, let's say you wanted to be able to write "./Build commit" to test your code and commit
       it to Subversion.

         # Build.PL
         use Module::Build;
         my $class = Module::Build->subclass(
             class => "Module::Build::Custom",
             code => <<'SUBCLASS' );

         sub ACTION_commit {
             my $self = shift;

             $self->depends_on("test");
             $self->do_system(qw(svn commit));
         }
         SUBCLASS

   Bundling Module::Build
       Note: This section probably needs an update as the technology improves (see contrib/bundle.pl in the
       distribution).

       Suppose you want to use some new-ish features of Module::Build, e.g. newer than the version of
       Module::Build your users are likely to already have installed on their systems.  The first thing you
       should do is set "configure_requires" to your minimum version of Module::Build.  See
       Module::Build::Authoring.

       But not every build system honors "configure_requires" yet.  Here's how you can ship a copy of
       Module::Build, but still use a newer installed version to take advantage of any bug fixes and
       upgrades.

       First, install Module::Build into Your-Project/inc/Module-Build.  CPAN will not index anything in the
       inc directory so this copy will not show up in CPAN searches.

           cd Module-Build
           perl Build.PL --install_base /path/to/Your-Project/inc/Module-Build
           ./Build test
           ./Build install

       You should now have all the Module::Build .pm files in Your-Project/inc/Module-Build/lib/perl5.

       Next, add this to the top of your Build.PL.

           my $Bundled_MB = 0.30;  # or whatever version it was.

           # Find out what version of Module::Build is installed or fail quietly.
           # This should be cross-platform.
           my $Installed_MB =
               `$^X -e "eval q{require Module::Build; print Module::Build->VERSION} or exit 1";

           # some operating systems put a newline at the end of every print.
           chomp $Installed_MB;

           $Installed_MB = 0 if $?;

           # Use our bundled copy of Module::Build if it's newer than the installed.
           unshift @INC, "inc/Module-Build/lib/perl5" if $Bundled_MB > $Installed_MB;

           require Module::Build;

       And write the rest of your Build.PL normally.  Module::Build will remember your change to @INC and
       use it when you run ./Build.

       In the future, we hope to provide a more automated solution for this scenario; see "inc/latest.pm" in
       the Module::Build distribution for one indication of the direction we're moving.

AUTHOR
       Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 2001-2008 Ken Williams.  All rights reserved.

       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
       itself.

SEE ALSO
       perl(1), Module::Build(3), Module::Build::Authoring(3), Module::Build::API(3)



perl v5.12.5                                     2012-11-03                     Module::Build::Cookbook(3pm)