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Moose::Manual::Classes(3)            User Contributed Perl Documentation           Moose::Manual::Classes(3)



NAME
       Moose::Manual::Classes - Making your classes use Moose (and subclassing)

VERSION
       version 2.0205

USING MOOSE
       Using Moose is very simple, you just "use Moose":

         package Person;

         use Moose;

       That's it, you've made a class with Moose!

       There's actually a lot going on here under the hood, so let's step through it.

       When you load Moose, a bunch of sugar functions are exported into your class, such as "extends",
       "has", "with", and more. These functions are what you use to define your class. For example, you
       might define an attribute ...

         package Person;

         use Moose;

         has 'ssn' => ( is => 'rw' );

       Attributes are described in the Moose::Manual::Attributes documentation.

       Loading Moose also enables the "strict" and "warnings" pragmas in your class.

       When you load Moose, your class will become a subclass of Moose::Object. The Moose::Object class
       provides a default constructor and destructor, as well as object construction helper methods. You can
       read more about this in the Moose::Manual::Construction document.

       As a convenience, Moose creates a new class type for your class. See the Moose::Manual::Types
       document to learn more about types.

       It also creates a Moose::Meta::Class object for your class. This metaclass object is now available by
       calling a "meta" method on your class, for example "Person->meta".

       The metaclass object provides an introspection API for your class. It is also used by Moose itself
       under the hood to add attributes, define parent classes, and so on. In fact, all of Moose's sugar
       does the real work by calling methods on this metaclass object (and other meta API objects).

SUBCLASSING
       Moose provides a simple sugar function for declaring your parent classes, "extends":

         package User;

         use Moose;

         extends 'Person';

         has 'username' => ( is => 'rw' );

       Note that each call to "extends" will reset your parents. For multiple inheritance you must provide
       all the parents at once, "extends 'Foo', 'Bar'".

       You can use Moose to extend a non-Moose parent. However, when you do this, you will inherit the
       parent class's constructor (assuming it is also called "new"). In that case, you will have to take
       care of initializing attributes manually, either in the parent's constructor, or in your subclass,
       and you will lose a lot of Moose magic.

       See the MooseX::NonMoose module on CPAN if you're interested in extending non-Moose parent classes
       with Moose child classes.

CLEANING UP MOOSE DROPPINGS
       Moose exports a number of functions into your class. It's a good idea to remove these sugar functions
       from your class's namespace, so that "Person->can('has')" will no longer return true.

       There are several ways to do this. We recommend using namespace::autoclean, a CPAN module. Not only
       will it remove Moose exports, it will also remove any other exports.

         package Person;

         use namespace::autoclean;

         use Moose;

       If you absolutely can't use a CPAN module (but can use Moose?), you can write "no Moose" at the end
       of your class. This will remove any Moose exports in your class.

         package Person;

         use Moose;

         has 'ssn' => ( is => 'rw' );

         no Moose;

MAKING IT FASTER
       Moose has a feature called "immutabilization" that you can use to greatly speed up your classes at
       runtime. However, using it incurs a cost when your class is first being loaded. When you make your
       class immutable you tell Moose that you will not be changing it in the future. You will not be adding
       any more attributes, methods, roles, etc.

       This allows Moose to generate code specific to your class. In particular, it creates an "inline"
       constructor, making object construction much faster.

       To make your class immutable you simply call "make_immutable" on your class's metaclass object.

         __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;

   Immutabilization and "new()"
       If you override "new()" in your class, then the immutabilization code will not be able to provide an
       optimized constructor for your class. Instead, you should use a "BUILD()" method, which will be
       called from the inlined constructor.

       Alternately, if you really need to provide a different "new()", you can also provide your own
       immutabilization method. Doing so requires extending the Moose metaclasses, and is well beyond the
       scope of this manual.

AUTHOR
       Stevan Little <stevan@iinteractive.com>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       This software is copyright (c) 2011 by Infinity Interactive, Inc..

       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5
       programming language system itself.



perl v5.12.5                                     2011-09-06                        Moose::Manual::Classes(3)