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Net::SSLeay(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Net::SSLeay(3) NAME Net::SSLeay - Perl extension for using OpenSSL SYNOPSIS use Net::SSLeay qw(get_https post_https sslcat make_headers make_form); ($page) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/'); # Case 1 ($page, $response, %reply_headers) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/', # Case 2 make_headers(User-Agent => 'Cryptozilla/5.0b1', Referer => 'https://www.bacus.pt' )); ($page, $result, %headers) = # Case 2b = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html', make_headers(Authorization => 'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')) ); ($page, $response, %reply_headers) = post_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '', # Case 3 make_form(OK => '1', name => 'Sampo' )); $reply = sslcat($host, $port, $request); # Case 4 ($reply, $err, $server_cert) = sslcat($host, $port, $request); # Case 5 $Net::SSLeay::trace = 2; # 0=no debugging, 1=ciphers, 2=trace, 3=dump data Net::SSLeay::initialize(); # Initialize ssl library once DESCRIPTION Net::SSLeay module contains perl bindings to openssl (<http://www.openssl.org>) library. COMPATIBILITY NOTE: Net::SSLeay cannot be built with pre-0.9.3 openssl. It is strongly recommended to use at least 0.9.7 (as older versions are not tested during development). Some low level API functions may be available with certain openssl versions. Net::SSLeay module basically comprise of: • High level functions for accessing web servers (by using HTTP/HTTPS) • Low level API (mostly mapped 1:1 to openssl's C functions) • Convenience functions (related to low level API but with more perl friendly interface) There is also a related module called Net::SSLeay::Handle included in this distribution that you might want to use instead. It has its own pod documentation. High level functions for accessing web servers This module offers some high level convenience functions for accessing web pages on SSL servers (for symmetry, the same API is offered for accessing http servers, too), an "sslcat()" function for writing your own clients, and finally access to the SSL api of the SSLeay/OpenSSL package so you can write servers or clients for more complicated applications. For high level functions it is most convenient to import them into your main namespace as indicated in the synopsis. Basic set of functions • get_https • post_https • put_https • head_https • do_https • sslcat • https_cat • make_form • make_headers Case 1 (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates the typical invocation of get_https() to fetch an HTML page from secure server. The first argument provides the hostname or IP in dotted decimal notation of the remote server to contact. The second argument is the TCP port at the remote end (your own port is picked arbitrarily from high numbered ports as usual for TCP). The third argument is the URL of the page without the host name part. If in doubt consult the HTTP specifications at <http://www.w3c.org>. Case 2 (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates full fledged use of "get_https()". As can be seen, "get_https()" parses the response and response headers and returns them as a list, which can be captured in a hash for later reference. Also a fourth argument to "get_https()" is used to insert some additional headers in the request. "make_headers()" is a function that will convert a list or hash to such headers. By default "get_https()" supplies "Host" (to make virtual hosting easy) and "Accept" (reportedly needed by IIS) headers. Case 2b (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates how to get a password protected page. Refer to the HTTP protocol specifications for further details (e.g. RFC-2617). Case 3 (in SYNOPSIS) invokes "post_https()" to submit a HTML/CGI form to a secure server. The first four arguments are equal to "get_https()" (note that the empty string ('') is passed as header argument). The fifth argument is the contents of the form formatted according to CGI specification. In this case the helper function "make_https()" is used to do the formatting, but you could pass any string. "post_https()" automatically adds "Content-Type" and "Content-Length" headers to the request. Case 4 (in SYNOPSIS) shows the fundamental "sslcat()" function (inspired in spirit by the "netcat" utility :-). It's your swiss army knife that allows you to easily contact servers, send some data, and then get the response. You are responsible for formatting the data and parsing the response -"sslcat()" response"sslcat()" "sslcat()" is just a transport. Case 5 (in SYNOPSIS) is a full invocation of "sslcat()" which allows the return of errors as well as the server (peer) certificate. The $trace global variable can be used to control the verbosity of the high level functions. Level 0 guarantees silence, level 1 (the default) only emits error messages. Alternate versions of high-level API • get_https3 • post_https3 • put_https3 • get_https4 • post_https4 • put_https4 The above mentioned functions actually return the response headers as a list, which only gets converted to hash upon assignment (this assignment looses information if the same header occurs twice, as may be the case with cookies). There are also other variants of the functions that return unprocessed headers and that return a reference to a hash. ($page, $response, @headers) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/'); for ($i = 0; $i < $#headers; $i+=2) { print "$headers[$i] = " . $headers[$i+1] . "\n"; } ($page, $response, $headers, $server_cert) = get_https3('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/'); print "$headers\n"; ($page, $response, $headers_ref) = get_https4('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/'); for $k (sort keys %{$headers_ref}) { for $v (@{$$headers_ref{$k}}) { print "$k = $v\n"; } } All of the above code fragments accomplish the same thing: display all values of all headers. The API functions ending in "3" return the headers simply as a scalar string and it is up to the application to split them up. The functions ending in "4" return a reference to a hash of arrays (see perlref and perllol if you are not familiar with complex perl data structures). To access a single value of such a header hash you would do something like print $$headers_ref{COOKIE}[0]; Variants 3 and 4 also allow you to discover the server certificate in case you would like to store or display it, e.g. ($p, $resp, $hdrs, $server_cert) = get_https3('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/'); if (!defined($server_cert) || ($server_cert == 0)) { warn "Subject Name: undefined, Issuer Name: undefined"; } else { warn 'Subject Name: ' . Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($server_cert)) . 'Issuer Name: ' . Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($server_cert)); } Beware that this method only allows after the fact verification of the certificate: by the time "get_https3()" has returned the https request has already been sent to the server, whether you decide to trust it or not. To do the verification correctly you must either employ the OpenSSL certificate verification framework or use the lower level API to first connect and verify the certificate and only then send the http data. See the implementation of "ds_https3()" for guidance on how to do this. Using client certificates Secure web communications are encrypted using symmetric crypto keys exchanged using encryption based on the certificate of the server. Therefore in all SSL connections the server must have a certificate. This serves both to authenticate the server to the clients and to perform the key exchange. Sometimes it is necessary to authenticate the client as well. Two options are available: HTTP basic authentication and a client side certificate. The basic authentication over HTTPS is actually quite safe because HTTPS guarantees that the password will not travel in the clear. Never-the-less, problems like easily guessable passwords remain. The client certificate method involves authentication of the client at the SSL level using a certificate. For this to work, both the client and the server have certificates (which typically are different) and private keys. The API functions outlined above accept additional arguments that allow one to supply the client side certificate and key files. The format of these files is the same as used for server certificates and the caveat about encrypting private keys applies. ($page, $result, %headers) = # 2c = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html', make_headers(Authorization => 'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')), '', $mime_type6, $path_to_crt7, $path_to_key8); ($page, $response, %reply_headers) = post_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', # 3b make_headers('Authorization' => 'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')), make_form(OK => '1', name => 'Sampo'), $mime_type6, $path_to_crt7, $path_to_key8); Case 2c (in SYNOPSIS) demonstrates getting a password protected page that also requires a client certificate, i.e. it is possible to use both authentication methods simultaneously. Case 3b (in SYNOPSIS) is a full blown POST to a secure server that requires both password authentication and a client certificate, just like in case 2c. Note: The client will not send a certificate unless the server requests one. This is typically achieved by setting the verify mode to "VERIFY_PEER" on the server: Net::SSLeay::set_verify(ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_PEER, 0); See "perldoc ~openssl/doc/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.pod" for a full description. Working through a web proxy • set_proxy "Net::SSLeay" can use a web proxy to make its connections. You need to first set the proxy host and port using "set_proxy()" and then just use the normal API functions, e.g: Net::SSLeay::set_proxy('gateway.myorg.com', 8080); ($page) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/'); If your proxy requires authentication, you can supply a username and password as well Net::SSLeay::set_proxy('gateway.myorg.com', 8080, 'joe', 'salainen'); ($page, $result, %headers) = = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html', make_headers(Authorization => 'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("susie:pass",'')) ); This example demonstrates the case where we authenticate to the proxy as "joe" and to the final web server as "susie". Proxy authentication requires the "MIME::Base64" module to work. HTTP (without S) API • get_http • post_http • tcpcat • get_httpx • post_httpx • tcpxcat Over the years it has become clear that it would be convenient to use the light-weight flavour API of "Net::SSLeay" for normal HTTP as well (see "LWP" for the heavy-weight object-oriented approach). In fact it would be nice to be able to flip https on and off on the fly. Thus regular HTTP support was evolved. use Net::SSLeay qw(get_http post_http tcpcat get_httpx post_httpx tcpxcat make_headers make_form); ($page, $result, %headers) = get_http('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html', make_headers(Authorization => 'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')) ); ($page, $response, %reply_headers) = post_http('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '', make_form(OK => '1', name => 'Sampo' )); ($reply, $err) = tcpcat($host, $port, $request); ($page, $result, %headers) = get_httpx($usessl, 'www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html', make_headers(Authorization => 'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')) ); ($page, $response, %reply_headers) = post_httpx($usessl, 'www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '', make_form(OK => '1', name => 'Sampo' )); ($reply, $err, $server_cert) = tcpxcat($usessl, $host, $port, $request); As can be seen, the "x" family of APIs takes as the first argument a flag which indicates whether SSL is used or not. Certificate verification and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) OpenSSL supports the ability to verify peer certificates. It can also optionally check the peer certificate against a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) from the certificates issuer. A CRL is a file, created by the certificate issuer that lists all the certificates that it previously signed, but which it now revokes. CRLs are in PEM format. You can enable "Net::SSLeay CRL" checking like this: &Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_flags (&Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ssl), &Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK); After setting this flag, if OpenSSL checks a peer's certificate, then it will attempt to find a CRL for the issuer. It does this by looking for a specially named file in the search directory specified by CTX_load_verify_locations. CRL files are named with the hash of the issuer's subject name, followed by ".r0", ".r1" etc. For example "ab1331b2.r0", "ab1331b2.r1". It will read all the .r files for the issuer, and then check for a revocation of the peer certificate in all of them. (You can also force it to look in a specific named CRL file., see below). You can find out the hash of the issuer subject name in a CRL with openssl crl -in crl.pem -hash -noout If the peer certificate does not pass the revocation list, or if no CRL is found, then the handshaking fails with an error. You can also force OpenSSL to look for CRLs in one or more arbitrarily named files. my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($crlfilename, 'r'); my $crl = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL($bio); if ($crl) { Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_crl( Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ssl, $crl) ); } else { error reading CRL.... } Using Net::SSLeay in multi-threaded applications IMPORTANT: versions 1.42 or earlier are not thread-safe! Net::SSLeay module implements all necessary stuff to be ready for multi-threaded environment - it requires openssl-0.9.7 or newer. The implementation fully follows thread safety related requirements of openssl library(see <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/threads.html>). If you are about to use Net::SSLeay (or any other module based on Net::SSLeay) in multi-threaded perl application it is recommended to follow this best-practice: Initialization Load and initialize Net::SSLeay module in the main thread: use threads; use Net::SSLeay; Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); sub do_master_job { #... call whatever from Net::SSLeay } sub do_worker_job { #... call whatever from Net::SSLeay } #start threads my $master = threads->new(\&do_master_job, 'param1', 'param2'); my @workers = threads->new(\&do_worker_job, 'arg1', 'arg2') for (1..10); #waiting for all threads to finish $_->join() for (threads->list); NOTE: Openssl's "int SSL_library_init(void)" function (which is also aliased as "SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms", "OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms" and "add_ssl_algorithms") is not re-entrant and multiple calls can cause a crash in threaded application. Net::SSLeay implements flags preventing repeated calls to this function, therefore even multiple initialization via Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms() should work without trouble. Using callbacks Do not use callbacks across threads (the module blocks cross-thread callback operations and throws a warning). Allways do the callback setup, callback use and callback destruction within the same thread. Using openssl elements All openssl elements (X509, SSL_CTX, ...) can be directly passed between threads. use threads; use Net::SSLeay; Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); sub do_job { my $context = shift; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($context, sub { "secret" }); #... } my $c = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new(); threads->create(\&do_job, $c); Or: use threads; use Net::SSLeay; my $context; #does not need to be 'shared' Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); sub do_job { Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($context, sub { "secret" }); #... } $context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new(); threads->create(\&do_job); Using other perl modules based on Net::SSLeay It should be fine to use any other module based on Net::SSLeay (like IO::Socket::SSL) in multi-threaded multithreaded threaded applications. It is generally recommended to do any global initialization of such a module in the main thread before calling "threads->new(..)" or "threads->create(..)" but it might differ module by module. To be play safe you can load and init Net::SSLeay explicitly in the main thread: use Net::SSLeay; use Other::SSLeay::Based::Module; Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize();Net::SSLeay::initialize(); Net::SSLeay::initialize(); Or even safer: use Net::SSLeay; use Other::SSLeay::Based::Module; BEGIN { Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize();Net::SSLeay::initialize(); } Combining Net::SSLeay with other modules linked with openssl BEWARE: This might be a big trouble! This is not guaranteed be thread-safe! There are many other (XS) modules linked directly to openssl library (like Crypt::SSLeay). As it is expected that also "another" module will call "SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms" at some point we have again a trouble with multiple openssl initialization by Net::SSLeay and "another" module. As you can expect Net::SSLeay is not able to avoid multiple initialization of openssl library called by "another" module, thus you have to handle this on your own (in some cases it might not be possible at all to avoid this). Threading with get_https and friends The convenience functions get_https, post_https etc all initialize the SSL library by calling Net::SSLeay::initialize which does the conventional library initialization: Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); Net::SSLeay::initialize initializes the SSL library at most once. You can override the Net::SSLeay::initialize function if you desire some other type of initialization behaviour by get_https and friends. You can call Net::SSLeay::initialize from your own code if you desire this conventional library initialization. Convenience routines To be used with Low level API Net::SSLeay::randomize($rn_seed_file,$additional_seed); Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, $cert_path, $key_path); $cert = Net::SSLeay::dump_peer_certificate($ssl); Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, $message) or die "ssl write failure"; $got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_all($ssl) or die "ssl read failure"; $got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_CRLF($ssl [, $max_length]); $got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_until($ssl [, $delimit [, $max_length]]); Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_CRLF($ssl, $message); • randomize seeds the openssl PRNG with "/dev/urandom" (see the top of "SSLeay.pm" for how to change or configure this) and optionally with user provided data. It is very important to properly seed your random numbers, so do not forget to call this. The high level API functions automatically call "randomize()" so it is not needed with them. See also caveats. • set_cert_and_key takes two file names as arguments and sets the certificate and private key to those. This can be used to set either server certificates or client certificates. • dump_peer_certificate allows you to get a plaintext description of the certificate the peer (usually the server) presented to us. • ssl_read_all see ssl_write_all (below) • ssl_write_all "ssl_read_all()" and "ssl_write_all()" provide true blocking semantics for these operations (see limitation, below, for explanation). These are much preferred to the low level API equivalents (which implement BSD blocking semantics). The message argument to "ssl_write_all()" can be a reference. This is helpful to avoid unnecessary copying when writing something big, e.g: $data = 'A' x 1000000000; Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, \$data) or die "ssl write failed"; • ssl_read_CRLF uses "ssl_read_all()" to read in a line terminated with a carriage return followed by a linefeed (CRLF). The CRLF is included in the returned scalar. • ssl_read_until uses "ssl_read_all()" to read from the SSL input stream until it encounters a programmer specified delimiter. If the delimiter is undefined, $/ is used. If $/ is undefined, "\n" is used. One can optionally set a maximum length of bytes to read from the SSL input stream. • ssl_write_CRLF writes $message and appends CRLF to the SSL output stream. Initialization In order to use the low level API you should start your programs with the following incantation: use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error); Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); # Important! Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines(); # If you want built-in engines Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete(); # If you want built-in engines Net::SSLeay::randomize(); Error handling functions I can not emphasize the need to check for error enough. Use these functions even in the most simple programs, they will reduce debugging time greatly. Do not ask questions on the mailing list without having first sprinkled these in your code. • die_now • die_if_ssl_error "die_now()" and "die_if_ssl_error()" are used to conveniently print the SSLeay error stack when something goes wrong: Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl) or die_now("Failed SSL connect ($!)"); Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, "foo") or die_if_ssl_error("SSL write ($!)"); • print_errs You can also use "Net::SSLeay::print_errs()" to dump the error stack without exiting the program. As can be seen, your code becomes much more readable if you import the error reporting functions into your main name space. Sockets Perl uses file handles for all I/O. While SSLeay has a quite flexible BIO mechanism and perl has an evolved PerlIO mechanism, this module still sticks to using file descriptors. Thus to attach SSLeay to a socket you should use "fileno()" to extract the underlying file descriptor: Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(S)); # Must use fileno You should also set $| to 1 to eliminate STDIO buffering so you do not get confused if you use perl I/O functions to manipulate your socket handle. If you need to select(2) on the socket, go right ahead, but be warned that OpenSSL does some internal buffering so SSL_read does not always return data even if the socket selected for reading (just keep on selecting and trying to read). "Net::SSLeay" is no different from the C language OpenSSL in this respect. Callbacks You can establish a per-context verify callback function something like this: sub verify { my ($ok, $x509_store_ctx) = @_; print "Verifying certificate...\n"; ... return $ok; } It is used like this: Net::SSLeay::set_verify ($ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_PEER, \&verify); Per-context callbacks for decrypting private keys are implemented. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, sub { "top-secret" }); Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey_file($ctx, "key.pem", Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM) or die "Error reading private key"; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, undef); If Hello Extensions are supported by your OpenSSL, a session secret callback can be set up to be called when a session secret is set by openssl. Establish it like this: Net::SSLeay::set_session_secret_cb($ssl, \&session_secret_cb, $somedata); It will be called like this: sub session_secret_cb { my ($secret, \@cipherlist, \$preferredcipher, $somedata) = @_; } No other callbacks are implemented. You do not need to use any callback for simple (i.e. normal) cases where the SSLeay built-in verify mechanism satisfies your needs. It is required to reset these callbacks to undef immediately after use to prevent memory leaks, thread safety problems and crashes on exit that can occur if different threads set different callbacks. If you want to use callback stuff, see examples/callback.pl! It's the only one I am able to make work reliably. Low level API In addition to the high level functions outlined above, this module contains straight-forward access to CRYPTO and SSL parts of OpenSSL C API. See the "*.h" headers from OpenSSL C distribution for a list of low level SSLeay functions to call (check SSLeay.xs to see if some function has been implemented). The module strips the initial "SSL_" off of the SSLeay names. Generally you should use "Net::SSLeay::" in its place. Note that some functions are prefixed with "P_" - these are very close to the original API however contain some kind of a wrapper making its interface more perl friendly. For example: In C: #include <ssl.h> err = SSL_set_verify (ssl, SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE, &your_call_back_here); In Perl: use Net::SSLeay; $err = Net::SSLeay::set_verify ($ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE, \&your_call_back_here); If the function does not start with "SSL_" you should use the full function name, e.g.: $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error; The following new functions behave in perlish way: $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); # Performs SSL_read, but returns $got # resized according to data received. # Returns undef on failure. Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $foo) || die; # Performs SSL_write, but automatically # figures out the size of $foo Low level API: Version related functions • SSLeay COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Gives version number (numeric) of underlaying openssl library. my $ver_number = Net::SSLeay::SSLeay(); # returns: the number identifying the openssl release # # 0x00903100 => openssl-0.9.3 # 0x00904100 => openssl-0.9.4 # 0x00905100 => openssl-0.9.5 # 0x0090600f => openssl-0.9.6 # 0x0090601f => openssl-0.9.6a # 0x0090602f => openssl-0.9.6b # ... # 0x009060df => openssl-0.9.6m # 0x0090700f => openssl-0.9.7 # 0x0090701f => openssl-0.9.7a # 0x0090702f => openssl-0.9.7b # ... # 0x009070df => openssl-0.9.7m # 0x0090800f => openssl-0.9.8 # 0x0090801f => openssl-0.9.8a # 0x0090802f => openssl-0.9.8b # ... # 0x0090814f => openssl-0.9.8t # 0x1000000f => openssl-1.0.0 # 0x1000004f => openssl-1.0.0d # 0x1000007f => openssl-1.0.0g You can use it like this: if (Net::SSLeay::SSLeay() < 0x0090800f) { die "you need openssl-0.9.8 or higher"; } • SSLeay_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Gives version number (string) of underlaying openssl library. my $ver_string = Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version($type); # $type # 0 (=SSLEAY_VERSION) - e.g. 'OpenSSL 1.0.0d 8 Feb 2011' # 2 (=SSLEAY_CFLAGS) - e.g. 'compiler: gcc -D_WINDLL -DOPENSSL_USE_APPLINK .....' # 3 (=SSLEAY_BUILT_ON)- e.g. 'built on: Fri May 6 00:00:46 GMT 2011' # 4 (=SSLEAY_PLATFORM)- e.g. 'platform: mingw' # # returns: string Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version(); #is equivalent to Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version(0); Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/SSLeay_version.html> Low level API: Initialization related functions • library_init Initialize SSL library by registering algorithms. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::library_init(); # # returns: always 1 Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_library_init.html> • add_ssl_algorithms The alias for "library_init" Net::SSLeay::add_ssl_algorithms(); • OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms The alias for "library_init" Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms(); • SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms The alias for "library_init" Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); • load_error_strings Registers the error strings for all libcrypto + libssl related functions. Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html> • ERR_load_crypto_strings Registers the error strings for all libcrypto functions. No need to call this function if you have already called "load_error_strings". Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_crypto_strings(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html> • ERR_load_RAND_strings Registers the error strings for RAND related functions. No need to call this function if you have already called "load_error_strings". Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_RAND_strings(); # # returns: no return value • ERR_load_SSL_strings Registers the error strings for SSL related functions. No need to call this function if you have already called "load_error_strings". Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_SSL_strings(); # # returns: no return value • OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Add algorithms to internal table. Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html> • OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Similar to "OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms" - will ALWAYS load the config file Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf(); # # returns: no return value • OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Similar to "OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms" - will NEVER load the config file Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf(); # # returns: no return value Low level API: ERR_* and SSL_alert_* related functions NOTE: Please note that SSL_alert_* function have "SSL_" part stripped from their names. • ERR_clear_error Clear the error queue. Net::SSLeay::ERR_clear_error(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_clear_error.html> • ERR_error_string Generates a human-readable string representing the error code $error. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string($error); # $error - (unsigned integer) error code # # returns: string Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_error_string.html> • ERR_get_error Returns the earliest error code from the thread's error queue and removes the entry. This function can be called repeatedly until there are no more error codes to return. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error(); # # returns: (unsigned integer) error code Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html> • ERR_peek_error Returns the earliest error code from the thread's error queue without modifying it. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_peek_error(); # # returns: (unsigned integer) error code Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html> • ERR_put_error Adds an error code to the thread's error queue. It signals that the error of $reason code reason occurred in function $func of library $lib, in line number $line of $file. Net::SSLeay::ERR_put_error($lib, $func, $reason, $file, $line); # $lib - (integer) library id (check openssl/err.h for constants e.g. ERR_LIB_SSL) # $func - (integer) function id (check openssl/ssl.h for constants e.g. SSL_F_SSL23_READ) # $reason - (integer) reason id (check openssl/ssl.h for constants e.g. SSL_R_SSL_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE) # $file - (string) file name # $line - (integer) line number in $file # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_put_error.html> and <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/err.html> • alert_desc_string Returns a two letter string as a short form describing the reason of the alert specified by value. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_desc_string($value); # $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants) # # returns: description string (2 letters) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html> • alert_desc_string_long Returns a string describing the reason of the alert specified by value. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_desc_string_long($value); # $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants) # # returns: description string Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html> • alert_type_string Returns a one letter string indicating the type of the alert specified by value. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_type_string($value); # $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants) # # returns: string (1 letter) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html> • alert_type_string_long Returns a string indicating the type of the alert specified by value. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_type_string_long($value); # $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants) # # returns: string Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html> Low level API: SSL_METHOD_* related functions • SSLv2_method Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to SSLv2 method, the return value can be later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv2_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) • SSLv3_method Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to SSLv3 method, the return value can be later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv3_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html> • TLSv1_method Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1 method, the return value can be later used as a param of "CTX_new_with_method". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_method(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html> Low level API: ENGINE_* related functions • ENGINE_load_builtin_engines Load all bundled ENGINEs into memory and make them visible. Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html> • ENGINE_register_all_complete Register all loaded ENGINEs for every algorithm they collectively implement. Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete(); # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html> • ENGINE_set_default Set default engine to $e + set its flags to $flags. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_set_default($e, $flags); # $e - value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure # $flags - (integer) engine flags # flags value can be made by bitwise "OR"ing: # 0x0001 - ENGINE_METHOD_RSA # 0x0002 - ENGINE_METHOD_DSA # 0x0004 - ENGINE_METHOD_DH # 0x0008 - ENGINE_METHOD_RAND # 0x0010 - ENGINE_METHOD_ECDH # 0x0020 - ENGINE_METHOD_ECDSA # 0x0040 - ENGINE_METHOD_CIPHERS # 0x0080 - ENGINE_METHOD_DIGESTS # 0x0100 - ENGINE_METHOD_STORE # 0x0200 - ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_METHS # 0x0400 - ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_ASN1_METHS # Obvious all-or-nothing cases: # 0xFFFF - ENGINE_METHOD_ALL # 0x0000 - ENGINE_METHOD_NONE # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html> • ENGINE_by_id Get ENGINE by its identification $id. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_by_id($id); # $id - (string) engine identification e.g. "dynamic" # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html> Low level API: EVP_PKEY_* related functions • EVP_PKEY_copy_parameters Copies the parameters from key $from to key $to. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_copy_parameters($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # $from - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_cmp.html> • EVP_PKEY_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Creates a new EVP_PKEY structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html> • EVP_PKEY_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Free an allocated EVP_PKEY structure. Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_free($pkey); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html> • EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Set the key referenced by $pkey to $key NOTE: In accordance with the OpenSSL naming convention the $key assigned to the $pkey using the "1" functions must be freed as well as $pkey. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA($pkey, $key); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # $key - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA.html> • EVP_PKEY_bits COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the size of the key $pkey in bits. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_bits($pkey); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: size in bits • EVP_PKEY_size COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the maximum size of a signature in bytes. The actual signature may be smaller. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_size($pkey); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: the maximum size in bytes Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_SignInit.html> • EVP_PKEY_id COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.0 Returns $pkey type (integer value of corresponding NID). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_id($pkey); # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: (integer) key type Example: my $pubkey = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_pubkey($x509); my $type = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_id($pubkey); print Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($type); #prints e.g. 'rsaEncryption' Low level API: PEM_* related functions Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/pem.html> • PEM_read_bio_X509 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads PEM formated X509 certificate via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio); # $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r'); my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); • PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads PEM formated X509_REQ object via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ($bio, $x=NULL, $cb=NULL, $u=NULL); # $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r'); my $x509_req = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); • PEM_read_bio_DHparams Reads DH structure from BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_DHparams($bio); # $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's DH structure (0 on failure) • PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL Reads X509_CRL structure from BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL($bio); # $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure) • PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads PEM formated private key via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, $cb, $data); # $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # $cb - reference to perl callback function # $data - data that will be passed to callback function (see examples below) # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r'); my $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio); #ask for password if needed Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); To use password you have the following options: $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, \&callback_func); # use callback func for getting password $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, \&callback_func, $data); # use callback_func + pass $data to callback_func $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, undef, "secret"); # use password "secret" $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, undef, ""); # use empty password Callback function signature: sub callback_func { my ($max_passwd_size, $rwflag, $data) = @_; # $max_passwd_size - maximum size of returned password (longer values will be discarded) # $rwflag - indicates whether we are loading (0) or storing (1) - for PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey always 0 # $data - the data passed to PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey as 3rd parameter return "secret"; } • PEM_get_string_X509 NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Converts/exports X509 certificate to string (PEM format). Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509($x509); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: string with $x509 in PEM format • PEM_get_string_PrivateKey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Converts public key $pk into PEM formated string (optionally protected with password). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, $passwd, $enc_alg); # $pk - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # $passwd - [optional] (string) password to use for key encryption # $enc_alg - [optional] algorithm to use for key encryption (default: DES_CBC) - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_CIPHER structure # # returns: PEM formated string Examples: $pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk); $pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, "secret"); $pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, "secret", Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_cipherbyname("DES-EDE3-CBC")); • PEM_get_string_X509_CRL COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Converts X509_CRL object $x509_crl into PEM formated string. Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509_CRL($x509_crl); # $x509_crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: no return value • PEM_get_string_X509_REQ COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Converts X509_REQ object $x509_crl into PEM formated string. Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509_REQ($x509_req); # $x509_req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # # returns: no return value Low level API: d2i_* (DER format) related functions • d2i_X509_bio COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads DER formated X509 certificate via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_bio($bp); # $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb'); my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_bio($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/d2i_X509.html> • d2i_X509_CRL_bio COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads DER formated X509_CRL object via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_CRL_bio($bp); # $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb'); my $x509_crl = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_CRL_bio($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); • d2i_X509_REQ_bio COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads DER formated X509_REQ object via given BIO structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_REQ_bio($bp); # $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure) Example: my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb'); my $x509_req = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_REQ_bio($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); Low level API: PKCS12 related functions • P_PKCS12_load_file COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Loads X509 certificate + private key + certificates of CA chain (if present in PKCS12 file). my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, $load_chain, $password); # $filename - name of PKCS12 file # $load_chain - [optional] whether load (1) or not(0) CA chain (default: 0) # $password - [optional] password for private key # # returns: triplet ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) # $privkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # @cachain - array of values corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (empty if no CA chain in PKCS12) IMPORTANT NOTE: after you do the job you need to call X5_9_free() on $privkey + all members of @cachain and EVP_PKEY_free() on $privkey. Examples: my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename); #or my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 0, $password); #or my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1); #or my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1, $password); #BEWARE: THIS IS WRONG - MEMORY LEAKS! (you cannot free @cachain items) my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1, $password); Low level API: SESSION_* related functions • d2i_SSL_SESSION Transforms the external ASN1 representation of an SSL/TLS session, stored as binary data at location pp with length length, into an SSL_SESSION object. ??? (does this function really work?) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_SSL_SESSION($a, $pp, $length); # $a - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $pp - pointer/buffer ??? # $length - ??? # # returns: ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/d2i_SSL_SESSION.html> • i2d_SSL_SESSION Transforms the SSL_SESSION object in into the ASN1 representation and stores it into the memory location pointed to by pp. The length of the resulting ASN1 representation is returned. ??? (does this function really work?) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::i2d_SSL_SESSION($in, $pp); # $in - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $pp - pointer/data ??? # # returns: 1 on success, 0 Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/d2i_SSL_SESSION.html> • SESSION_new Creates a new SSL_SESSION structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure) • SESSION_free Free an allocated SSL_SESSION structure. Net::SSLeay::SESSION_free($ses); # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_free.html> • SESSION_cmp Compare two SSL_SESSION structures. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_cmp($sesa, $sesb); # $sesa - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $sesb - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 0 if the two structures are the same NOTE: Not available in openssl 1.0 or later • SESSION_get_app_data Can be used to get application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_app_data($ses); # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: string/buffer/pointer ??? • SESSION_set_app_data Can be used to set some application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_app_data($s, $a); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $a - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data # # returns: ??? • SESSION_get_ex_data Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from session $ses. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_ex_data($ses, $idx); # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $idx - (integer) index for application specific data # # returns: pointer to ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html> • SESSION_set_ex_data Is used to store application data at arg for idx into the session object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_ex_data($ss, $idx, $data); # $ss - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $idx - (integer) ??? # $data - (pointer) ??? # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html> • SESSION_get_ex_new_index Is used to register a new index for application specific data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func); # $argl - (long) ??? # $argp - (pointer) ??? # $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *) # $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *) # $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *) # # returns: (integer) ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html> • SESSION_get_master_key NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Returns 'master_key' value from SSL_SESSION structure $s Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_master_key($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: master key (binary data) • SESSION_set_master_key Sets 'master_key' value for SSL_SESSION structure $s Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_master_key($s, $key); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $key - master key (binary data) # # returns: no return value • SESSION_get_time Returns the time at which the session s was established. The time is given in seconds since 1.1.1970. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_time($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: timestamp (seconds since 1.1.1970) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html> • get_time Technically the same functionality as "SESSION_get_time". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_time($s); • SESSION_get_timeout Returns the timeout value set for session $s in seconds. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_timeout($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: timeout (in seconds) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html> • get_timeout Technically the same functionality as "SESSION_get_timeout". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_timeout($s); • SESSION_print NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Prints session details (e.g. protocol version, ciprher, session-id ...) to BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print($fp, $ses); # $fp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure You have to use necessary BIO functions like this: # let us have $ssl corresponding to openssl's SSL structure my $ses = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl); my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new(&Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem); Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print($bio, $ses); print Net::SSLeay::BIO_read($bio); • SESSION_print_fp Prints session details (e.g. protocol version, ciprher, session-id ...) to file handle. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print_fp($fp, $ses); # $fp - perl file handle # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Example: # let us have $ssl corresponding to openssl's SSL structure my $ses = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl); open my $fh, ">", "output.txt"; Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print_fp($fh,$ses); • SESSION_set_time Replaces the creation time of the session s with the chosen value $t (seconds since 1.1.1970). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_time($ses, $t); # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $t - time value # # returns: 1 on success Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html> • set_time Technically the same functionality as "SESSION_set_time". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_time($ses, $t); • SESSION_set_timeout Sets the timeout value for session s in seconds to $t. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_timeout($s, $t); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # $t - timeout (in seconds) # # returns: 1 on success Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html> • set_timeout Technically the same functionality as "SESSION_set_timeout". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_timeout($ses, $t); Low level API: SSL_CTX_* related functions NOTE: Please note that the function described in this chapter have "SSL_" part stripped from their original openssl names. • CTX_add_client_CA Adds the CA name extracted from $cacert to the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_client_CA($ctx, $cacert); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $cacert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html> • CTX_add_extra_chain_cert Adds the certificate $x509 to the certificate chain presented together with the certificate. Several certificates can be added one after the other. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_extra_chain_cert($ctx, $x509); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, check out the error stack to find out the reason for failure otherwise Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert.html> • CTX_add_session Adds the session $ses to the context $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_session($ctx, $ses); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html> • CTX_callback_ctrl ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_callback_ctrl($ctx, $cmd, $fp); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $cmd - (integer) command id # $fp - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html> • CTX_check_private_key Checks the consistency of a private key with the corresponding certificate loaded into $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_check_private_key($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • CTX_ctrl Internal handling function for SSL_CTX objects. BEWARE: openssl doc says: This function should never be called directly! my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_ctrl($ctx, $cmd, $larg, $parg); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $cmd - (integer) command id # $larg - (integer) long ??? # $parg - (string/pointer) ??? # # returns: (long) result of given command ??? #valid $cmd values 1 - SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA 2 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA 3 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH 4 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_ECDH 5 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA_CB 6 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH_CB 7 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_ECDH_CB 8 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESSION_REUSED 9 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CLIENT_CERT_REQUEST 10 - SSL_CTRL_GET_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS 11 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS 12 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TOTAL_RENEGOTIATIONS 13 - SSL_CTRL_GET_FLAGS 14 - SSL_CTRL_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERT 15 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MSG_CALLBACK 16 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MSG_CALLBACK_ARG 17 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MTU 20 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_NUMBER 21 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT 22 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT_GOOD 23 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT_RENEGOTIATE 24 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT 25 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT_GOOD 26 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT_RENEGOTIATE 27 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_HIT 28 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CB_HIT 29 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_MISSES 30 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_TIMEOUTS 31 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CACHE_FULL 32 - SSL_CTRL_OPTIONS 33 - SSL_CTRL_MODE 40 - SSL_CTRL_GET_READ_AHEAD 41 - SSL_CTRL_SET_READ_AHEAD 42 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_SIZE 43 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_SIZE 44 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_MODE 45 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_MODE 50 - SSL_CTRL_GET_MAX_CERT_LIST 51 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MAX_CERT_LIST 52 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MAX_SEND_FRAGMENT 53 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_CB 54 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_ARG 55 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME 56 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_DEBUG_CB 57 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_DEBUG_ARG 58 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEYS 59 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEYS 60 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT 61 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT_CB 62 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT_CB_ARG 63 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_CB 64 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_CB_ARG 65 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_TYPE 66 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_EXTS 67 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_EXTS 68 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_IDS 69 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_IDS 70 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_OCSP_RESP 71 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_OCSP_RESP 72 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEY_CB 73 - DTLS_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT 74 - DTLS_CTRL_HANDLE_TIMEOUT 75 - DTLS_CTRL_LISTEN 76 - SSL_CTRL_GET_RI_SUPPORT 77 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_OPTIONS 78 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_MODE Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html> • CTX_flush_sessions Causes a run through the session cache of $ctx to remove sessions expired at time $tm. Net::SSLeay::CTX_flush_sessions($ctx, $tm); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $tm - specifies the time which should be used for the expiration test (seconds since 1.1.1970) # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_flush_sessions.html> • CTX_free Free an allocated SSL_CTX object. Net::SSLeay::CTX_free($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_free.html> • CTX_get_app_data Can be used to get application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_app_data($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: string/buffer/pointer ??? • CTX_set_app_data Can be used to set some application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_app_data($ctx, $arg); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $arg - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data # # returns: ??? • CTX_get_cert_store Returns the current certificate verification storage. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html> • CTX_get_client_CA_list Returns the list of client CAs explicitly set for $ctx using "CTX_set_client_CA_list". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_client_CA_list($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_STACK structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html> • CTX_get_ex_data Is used to retrieve the information for index $idx from $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_ex_data($ssl, $idx); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $idx - (integer) index for application specific data # # returns: pointer to ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html> • CTX_get_ex_new_index Is used to register a new index for application specific data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func); # $argl - (long) ??? # $argp - (pointer) ??? # $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *) # $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *) # $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *) # # returns: (integer) ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html> • CTX_get_mode Returns the mode set for ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_mode($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0x00000001 corresponds to SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE 0x00000002 corresponds to SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER 0x00000004 corresponds to SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY 0x00000008 corresponds to SSL_MODE_NO_AUTO_CHAIN 0x00000010 corresponds to SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS (note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html> • CTX_set_mode Adds the mode set via bitmask in $mode to $ctx. Options already set before are not cleared. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode($ctx, $mode); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $mode - mode bitmask # # returns: the new mode bitmask after adding $mode For bitmask details see "CTX_get_mode" (above). Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html> • CTX_get_options Returns the options (bitmask) set for $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_options($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: options (bitmask) #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0x00000001 corresponds to SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG 0x00000002 corresponds to SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG 0x00000004 corresponds to SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT 0x00000008 corresponds to SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG 0x00000010 corresponds to SSL_OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG 0x00000020 corresponds to SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER 0x00000040 corresponds to SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING 0x00000080 corresponds to SSL_OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG 0x00000100 corresponds to SSL_OP_TLS_D5_BUG 0x00000200 corresponds to SSL_OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG 0x00000800 corresponds to SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS 0x80000FFF corresponds to SSL_OP_ALL 0x00001000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_QUERY_MTU 0x00002000 corresponds to SSL_OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE 0x00004000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_TICKET 0x00008000 corresponds to SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT 0x00010000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION 0x00020000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION 0x00040000 corresponds to SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION 0x00080000 corresponds to SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE 0x00100000 corresponds to SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE 0x00200000 corresponds to SSL_OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA 0x00400000 corresponds to SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE 0x00800000 corresponds to SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG 0x01000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 0x02000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 0x04000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1 0x08000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1 0x10000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2 0x20000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG 0x40000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG 0x80000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG (note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html> • CTX_set_options Adds the options set via bitmask in $options to ctx. Options already set before are not cleared. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, $options); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $options - options bitmask # # returns: the new options bitmask after adding $options For bitmask details see "CTX_get_options" (above). Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html> • CTX_get_quiet_shutdown Returns the 'quiet shutdown' setting of $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_quiet_shutdown($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) the current setting Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html> • CTX_get_read_ahead my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_read_ahead($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) read_ahead value • CTX_get_session_cache_mode Returns the currently used cache mode (bitmask). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_session_cache_mode($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0x0000 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF 0x0001 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT 0x0002 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_SERVER 0x0080 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR 0x0100 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP 0x0200 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE (note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html> • CTX_set_session_cache_mode Enables/disables session caching by setting the operational mode for $ctx to $mode. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_cache_mode($ctx, $mode); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $mode - mode (bitmask) # # returns: previously set cache mode For bitmask details see "CTX_get_session_cache_mode" (above). Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html> • CTX_get_timeout Returns the currently set timeout value for $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_timeout($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: timeout in seconds Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html> • CTX_get_verify_depth Returns the verification depth limit currently set in $ctx. If no limit has been explicitly set, -1 is returned and the default value will be used.", my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_verify_depth($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: depth limit currently set in $ctx, -1 if no limit has been explicitly set Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html> • CTX_get_verify_mode Returns the verification mode (bitmask) currently set in $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_verify_mode($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0x00 corresponds to SSL_VERIFY_NONE 0x01 corresponds to SSL_VERIFY_PEER 0x02 corresponds to SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT 0x04 corresponds to SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE (note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html> • CTX_set_verify Sets the verification flags for $ctx to be $mode and specifies the verify_callback function to be used. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_verify($ctx, $mode, $callback); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $mode - mode (bitmask) # $callback - [optional] reference to perl callback function # # returns: no return value For bitmask details see "CTX_get_verify_mode" (above). Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html> • CTX_load_verify_locations Specifies the locations for $ctx, at which CA certificates for verification purposes are located. The certificates available via $CAfile and $CApath are trusted. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_load_verify_locations($ctx, $CAfile, $CApath); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $CAfile - (string) file of CA certificates in PEM format, the file can contain several CA certificates (or '') # $CApath - (string) directory containing CA certificates in PEM format (or '') # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (check the error stack to find out the reason) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html> • CTX_need_tmp_RSA Return the result of "SSL_CTX_ctrl(ctx,SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA,0,NULL)" my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_need_tmp_RSA($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: result of SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA command • CTX_new The same as "CTX_v23_new" my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html> • CTX_v2_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv2_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v2_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) • CTX_v23_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv23_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v23_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) • CTX_v3_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv3_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v3_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) • CTX_tlsv1_new Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) • CTX_new_with_method Creates a new SSL_CTX object based on $meth method my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new_with_method($meth); # $meth - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) #example my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new_with_method(&Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_method); Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html> • CTX_remove_session Removes the session $ses from the context $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_remove_session($ctx, $ses); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html> • CTX_sess_accept my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in server mode Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_accept_good my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept_good($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of successfully established SSL/TLS sessions in server mode Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of start renegotiations in server mode Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_cache_full my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_cache_full($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of sessions that were removed because the maximum session cache size was exceeded Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_cb_hits my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_cb_hits($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of successfully retrieved sessions from the external session cache in server mode Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_connect my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in client mode Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_connect_good my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect_good($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of successfully established SSL/TLS sessions in client mode Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of start renegotiations in client mode Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_get_cache_size Returns the currently valid session cache size. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_get_cache_size($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: current size Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html> • CTX_sess_hits my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_hits($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of successfully reused sessions Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_misses my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_misses($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of sessions proposed by clients that were not found in the internal session cache in server mode Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_number my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_number($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: current number of sessions in the internal session cache Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sess_set_cache_size Sets the size of the internal session cache of context $ctx to $size. Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_set_cache_size($ctx, $size); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $size - cache size (0 = unlimited) # # returns: previously valid size Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html> • CTX_sess_timeouts Returns the number of sessions proposed by clients and either found in the internal or external session cache in server mode, but that were invalid due to timeout. These sessions are not included in the SSL_CTX_sess_hits count. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_timeouts($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: number of sessions Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html> • CTX_sessions Returns a pointer to the lhash databases containing the internal session cache for ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sessions($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's LHASH structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sessions.html> • CTX_set1_param Applies X509 verification parameters $vpm on $ctx my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set1_param($ctx, $vpm); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $vpm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • CTX_set_cert_store Sets/replaces the certificate verification storage of $ctx to/with $store. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cert_store($ctx, $store); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html> • CTX_set_cert_verify_callback Sets the verification callback function for $ctx. SSL objects that are created from $ctx inherit the setting valid at the time when "Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)" is called. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cert_verify_callback($ctx, $func, $data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback.html> • CTX_set_cipher_list Sets the list of available ciphers for $ctx using the control string $str. The list of ciphers is inherited by all ssl objects created from $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($s, $str); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA' # # returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure The format of $str is described in <http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html> Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html> • CTX_set_client_CA_list Sets the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for $ctx. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_client_CA_list($ctx, $list); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $list - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_STACK structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html> • CTX_set_default_passwd_cb Sets the default password callback called when loading/storing a PEM certificate with encryption. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, $func); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html> • CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata Sets a pointer to userdata which will be provided to the password callback on invocation. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata($ctx, $userdata); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $userdata - data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html> • CTX_set_default_verify_paths ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_verify_paths($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • CTX_set_ex_data Is used to store application data at $data for $idx into the $ctx object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ex_data($ssl, $idx, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $idx - (integer) ??? # $data - (pointer) ??? # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html> • CTX_set_purpose my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_purpose($s, $purpose); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure #avainable purpose identifier 1 - X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT 2 - X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER 3 - X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER 4 - X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN 5 - X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT 6 - X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN 7 - X509_PURPOSE_ANY 8 - X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER 9 - X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN #or use corresponding constants $purpose = &Net::SSLeay::X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT; ... $purpose = &Net::SSLeay::X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN; • CTX_set_quiet_shutdown Sets the 'quiet shutdown' flag for $ctx to be mode. SSL objects created from $ctx inherit the mode valid at the time "Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)" is called. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_quiet_shutdown($ctx, $mode); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $mode - 0 or 1 # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html> • CTX_set_read_ahead my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_read_ahead($ctx, $val); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $val - read_ahead value to be set # # returns: the original read_ahead value • CTX_set_session_id_context Sets the context $sid_ctx of length $sid_ctx_len within which a session can be reused for the $ctx object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_id_context($ctx, $sid_ctx, $sid_ctx_len); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $sid_ctx - data buffer # $sid_ctx_len - length of data in $sid_ctx # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (the error is logged to the error stack) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html> • CTX_set_ssl_version Sets a new default TLS/SSL method for SSL objects newly created from this $ctx. SSL objects already created with "Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)" are not affected, except when "Net::SSLeay:clear($ssl)" is being called. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ssl_version($ctx, $meth); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $meth - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html> • CTX_set_timeout Sets the timeout for newly created sessions for $ctx to $t. The timeout value $t must be given in seconds. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_timeout($ctx, $t); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $t - timeout in seconds # # returns: previously set timeout value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html> • CTX_set_tmp_dh Sets DH parameters to be used to be $dh. The key is inherited by all ssl objects created from $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_dh($ctx, $dh); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html> • CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback Sets the callback function for $ctx to be used when a DH parameters are required to $tmp_dh_callback. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback($ctx, $tmp_dh_callback); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # tmp_dh_callback - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html> • CTX_set_tmp_rsa Sets the temporary/ephemeral RSA key to be used to be $rsa. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_rsa($ctx, $rsa); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html> • CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback Sets the callback function for ctx to be used when a temporary/ephemeral RSA key is required to $tmp_rsa_callback. ??? (does this function really work?) Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback($ctx, $tmp_rsa_callback); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $tmp_rsa_callback - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html> • CTX_set_trust my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_trust($s, $trust); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $trust - (integer) trust identifier # # returns: the original value #available trust identifiers 1 - X509_TRUST_COMPAT 2 - X509_TRUST_SSL_CLIENT 3 - X509_TRUST_SSL_SERVER 4 - X509_TRUST_EMAIL 5 - X509_TRUST_OBJECT_SIGN 6 - X509_TRUST_OCSP_SIGN 7 - X509_TRUST_OCSP_REQUEST 8 - X509_TRUST_TSA #or use corresponding constants $trust = &Net::SSLeay::X509_TRUST_COMPAT; ... $trust = &Net::SSLeay::X509_TRUST_TSA; • CTX_set_verify_depth Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification that shall be allowed for ctx. Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_verify_depth($ctx, $depth); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $depth - max. depth # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html> • CTX_use_PKCS12_file Adds the certificate and private key from PKCS12 file $p12filename to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PKCS12_file($ctx, $p12filename, $password); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $p12filename - (string) filename # $password - (string) password to decrypt private key # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • CTX_use_PrivateKey Adds the private key $pkey to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey($ctx, $pkey); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • CTX_use_PrivateKey_file Adds the first private key found in $file to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey Adds the RSA private key $rsa to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey($ctx, $rsa); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file Adds the first RSA private key found in $file to $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason • CTX_use_certificate Loads the certificate $x into $ctx my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate($ctx, $x); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • CTX_use_certificate_chain_file Loads a certificate chain from $file into $ctx. The certificates must be in PEM format and must be sorted starting with the subject's certificate (actual client or server certificate), followed by intermediate CA certificates if applicable, and ending at the highest level (root) CA. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_chain_file($ctx, $file); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $file - (string) file name # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • CTX_use_certificate_file Loads the first certificate stored in $file into $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> Low level API: SSL_* related functions NOTE: Please note that the function described in this chapter have "SSL_" part stripped from their original openssl names. • new Creates a new SSL structure which is needed to hold the data for a TLS/SSL connection. The new structure inherits the settings of the underlying context $ctx: connection method (SSLv2/v3/TLSv1), options, verification settings, timeout settings. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_new.html> • accept Waits for a TLS/SSL client to initiate the TLS/SSL handshake. The communication channel must already have been set and assigned to the ssl by setting an underlying BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successfull, <0 = fatal error during handshake Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_accept.html> • add_client_CA Adds the CA name extracted from cacert to the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for the chosen ssl, overriding the setting valid for ssl's SSL_CTX object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_client_CA($ssl, $x); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html> • callback_ctrl ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::callback_ctrl($ssl, $cmd, $fp); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $cmd - (integer) command id # $fp - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html> • check_private_key Checks the consistency of a private key with the corresponding certificate loaded into $ssl my $rv = Net::SSLeay::check_private_key($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • clear Reset SSL object to allow another connection. Net::SSLeay::clear($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_clear.html> • connect Initiate the TLS/SSL handshake with an TLS/SSL server. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successfull, <0 = fatal error during handshake Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_connect.html> • copy_session_id Copies the session structure fro $from to $to (+ also the private key and certificate associated with $from). Net::SSLeay::copy_session_id($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $from - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: no return value • ctrl Internal handling function for SSL objects. BEWARE: openssl doc says: This function should never be called directly! my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ctrl($ssl, $cmd, $larg, $parg); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $cmd - (integer) command id # $larg - (integer) long ??? # $parg - (string/pointer) ??? # # returns: (long) result of given command ??? For more details about valid $cmd values check "CTX_ctrl". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html> • do_handshake Will wait for a SSL/TLS handshake to take place. If the connection is in client mode, the handshake will be started. The handshake routines may have to be explicitly set in advance using either SSL_set_connect_state or SSL_set_accept_state(3). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::do_handshake($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successfull, <0 = fatal error during handshake Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_do_handshake.html> • dup Returns a duplicate of $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::dup($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure (0 on failure) • free Free an allocated SSL structure. Net::SSLeay::free($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_free.html> • get_SSL_CTX Returns a pointer to the SSL_CTX object, from which $ssl was created with Net::SSLeay::new. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_SSL_CTX($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_SSL_CTX.html> • get_app_data Can be used to get application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_app_data($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: string/buffer/pointer ??? • set_app_data Can be used to set some application defined value/data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_app_data($ssl, $arg); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $arg - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data # # returns: ??? • get_certificate Gets X509 certificate from an established SSL connection. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_certificate($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure) • get_cipher Obtains the name of the currently used cipher. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA' or '', when no session has been established. Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html> • get_cipher_bits Obtain the number of secret/algorithm bits used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_bits($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: number of secret bits used by current cipher Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html> and <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html> • get_cipher_list Returns the name (string) of the SSL_CIPHER listed for $ssl with priority $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list($ssl, $n); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $n - (integer) priority # # returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA' or '' in case of error Call Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list with priority starting from 0 to obtain the sorted list of available ciphers, until '' is returned: my $priority = 0; while (my $c = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list($ssl, $priority)) { print "cipher[$priority] = $c\n"; $priority++; } Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ciphers.html> • get_client_CA_list Returns the list of client CAs explicitly set for $ssl using "Net::SSleay::set_client_CA_list" or $ssl's SSL_CTX object with "Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_client_CA_list", when in server mode. In client mode, returns the list of client CAs sent from the server, if any. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_client_CA_list($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html> • get_current_cipher Returns the cipher actually used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_current_cipher($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html> • get_default_timeout Returns the default timeout value assigned to SSL_SESSION objects negotiated for the protocol valid for $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_default_timeout($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (long) timeout in seconds Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_default_timeout.html> • get_error Returns a result code for a preceding call to "connect", "accept", "do_handshake", "read", "peek" or "write" on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_error($ssl, $ret); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $ret - return value of preceding TLS/SSL I/O operation # # returns: result code, which is one of the following values: # 0 - SSL_ERROR_NONE # 1 - SSL_ERROR_SSL # 2 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ # 3 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE # 4 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP # 5 - SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL # 6 - SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN # 7 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT # 8 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_error.html> • get_ex_data Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ex_data($ssl, $idx); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $idx - (integer) index for application specific data # # returns: pointer to ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html> • set_ex_data Is used to store application data at $data for $idx into the $ssl object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ex_data($ssl, $idx, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $idx - (integer) ??? # $data - (pointer) ??? # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html> • get_ex_new_index Is used to register a new index for application specific data. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func); # $argl - (long) ??? # $argp - (pointer) ??? # $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *) # $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *) # $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *) # # returns: (integer) ??? Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html> • get_fd Returns the file descriptor which is linked to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_fd($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: file descriptor (>=0) or -1 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_fd.html> • get_finished Obtains the latest 'Finished' message sent to the peer. ??? (does this function really work?) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_finished($ssl, $buf, $count); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $buf - buffer where the returned data will be stored (pointer ???, pre-allocated ???) # $count - max. size of return data # # returns: actual size of the returned data in $buf • get_peer_finished Obtains the latest 'Finished' message expected from the peer. ??? (does this function really work?) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_finished($ssl, $buf, $count); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $buf - buffer where the returned data will be stored (pointer ???, pre-allocated ???) # $count - max. size of the return data # # returns: actual size of the returned data in $buf • get_keyblock_size NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function. ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_keyblock_size($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: keyblock size, -1 on error • get_mode Returns the mode (bitmask) set for $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_mode($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for "CTX_get_mode". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html> • set_mode Adds the mode set via bitmask in $mode to $ssl. Options already set before are not cleared. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_mode($ssl, $mode); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $mode - mode (bitmask) # # returns: the new mode bitmask after adding $mode For $mode bitmask details see "CTX_get_mode". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html> • get_options Returns the options (bitmask) set for $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_options($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: options (bitmask) To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for "CTX_get_options". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html> • set_options Adds the options set via bitmask in $options to $ssl. Options already set before are not cleared! Net::SSLeay::set_options($ssl, $options); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $options - options (bitmask) # # returns: the new options bitmask after adding $options For $options bitmask details see "CTX_get_options". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html> • get_peer_certificate Get the X509 certificate of the peer. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html> • get_quiet_shutdown Returns the 'quiet shutdown' setting of ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_quiet_shutdown($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (integer) current 'quiet shutdown' value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html> • get_rbio Get 'read' BIO linked to an SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_rbio($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html> • get_read_ahead my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_read_ahead($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (integer) read_ahead value • set_read_ahead Net::SSLeay::set_read_ahead($ssl, $val); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $val - read_ahead value to be set # # returns: the original read_ahead value • get_server_random Returns internal SSLv3 server_random value. Net::SSLeay::get_server_random($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: server_random value (binary data) • get_client_random NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Returns internal SSLv3 client_random value. Net::SSLeay::get_client_random($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: client_random value (binary data) • get_session Retrieve TLS/SSL session data used in $ssl. The reference count of the SSL_SESSION is NOT incremented. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html> • SSL_get0_session The alias for "get_session" (note that the name is "SSL_get0_session" NOT "get0_session"). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSL_get0_session(); • get1_session Returns a pointer to the SSL_SESSION actually used in $ssl. The reference count of the SSL_SESSION is incremented by 1. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get1_session($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html> • get_shared_ciphers Returns string with a list (colon ':' separated) of ciphers shared between client and server within SSL session $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_shared_ciphers() # # returns: string like 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:...' • get_shutdown Returns the shutdown mode of $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_shutdown($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: shutdown mode (bitmask) of ssl #to decode the return value (bitmask) use: 0 - No shutdown setting, yet 1 - SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN 2 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html> • get_ssl_method Returns a function pointer to the TLS/SSL method set in $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ssl_method($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html> • get_state Returns the SSL connection state. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_state($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (integer) state value # to decode the returned state check: # SSL_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl.h # SSL2_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl2.h # SSL23_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl23.h # SSL3_ST_* + DTLS1_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl3.h • state Exactly the same as "get_state". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state($ssl); • get_verify_depth Returns the verification depth limit currently set in $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_depth($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: current depth or -1 if no limit has been explicitly set Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html> • set_verify_depth Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification that shall be allowed for $ssl. Net::SSLeay::set_verify_depth($ssl, $depth); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $depth - (integer) depth # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html> • get_verify_mode Returns the verification mode (bitmask) currently set in $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_mode($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: mode (bitmask) To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for "CTX_get_verify_mode". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html> • set_verify Sets the verification flags for $ssl to be $mode and specifies the $verify_callback function to be used. Net::SSLeay::set_verify($ssl, $mode, $callback); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $mode - mode (bitmask) # $callback - [optional] reference to perl callback function # # returns: no return value For $mode bitmask details see "CTX_get_verify_mode". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html> • get_verify_result Returns the result of the verification of the X509 certificate presented by the peer, if any. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_result($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (integer) # 0 - X509_V_OK: ok # 2 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT: unable to get issuer certificate # 3 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL: unable to get certificate CRL # 4 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt certificate's signature # 5 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt CRL's signature # 6 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY: unable to decode issuer public key # 7 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: certificate signature failure # 8 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: CRL signature failure # 9 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID: certificate is not yet valid # 10 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED: certificate has expired # 11 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID: CRL is not yet valid # 12 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED: CRL has expired # 13 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD: format error in certificate's notBefore field # 14 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD: format error in certificate's notAfter field # 15 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's lastUpdate field # 16 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's nextUpdate field # 17 - X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM: out of memory # 18 - X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT: self signed certificate # 19 - X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN: self signed certificate in certificate chain # 20 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate # 21 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE: unable to verify the first certificate # 22 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG: certificate chain too long # 23 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED: certificate revoked # 24 - X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA: invalid CA certificate # 25 - X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED: path length constraint exceeded # 26 - X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE: unsupported certificate purpose # 27 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted # 28 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED: certificate rejected # 29 - X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH: subject issuer mismatch # 30 - X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH: authority and subject key identifier mismatch # 31 - X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH: authority and issuer serial number mismatch # 32 - X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN:key usage does not include certificate signing # 50 - X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION: application verification failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_verify_result.html> • set_verify_result Override result of peer certificate verification. Net::SSLeay::set_verify_result($ssl, $v); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $v - (integer) result value # # returns: no return value For more info about valid return values see "get_verify_result" Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_verify_result.html> • get_wbio Get 'write' BIO linked to an SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_wbio($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html> • load_client_CA_file Load X509 certificates from file (PEM formated). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::load_client_CA_file($file); # $file - (string) file name # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_load_client_CA_file.html> • clear_num_renegotiations Executes SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::clear_num_renegotiations($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: command result • need_tmp_RSA Executes SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA command on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::need_tmp_RSA($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: command result • num_renegotiations Executes SSL_CTRL_GET_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::num_renegotiations($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: command result • total_renegotiations Executes SSL_CTRL_GET_TOTAL_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::total_renegotiations($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: command result • peek Copies $max bytes from the specified $ssl into the returned value. In constrast to the "Net::SSLeay::read()" function, the data in the SSL buffer is unmodified after the SSL_peek() operation. Net::SSLeay::peek($ssl, $max); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $max - [optional] max bytes to peek (integer) - default is 32768 # # returns: read data, undef on error • pending Obtain number of readable bytes buffered in $ssl object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::pending($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: the number of bytes pending Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_pending.html> • read Tries to read $max bytes from the specified $ssl. my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl, $max); my($got, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl, $max); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $max - [optional] max bytes to read (integer) - default is 32768 # # returns: # in scalar context: data read from the TLS/SSL connection, undef on error # in list context: two-item array consisting of data read (undef on error), # and return code from SSL_read(). Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_read.html> • renegotiate Turn on flags for renegotiation so that renegotiation will happen my $rv = Net::SSLeay::renegotiate($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • rstate_string Returns a 2 letter string indicating the current read state of the SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::rstate_string($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 2-letter string Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html> • rstate_string_long Returns a string indicating the current read state of the SSL object ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::rstate_string_long($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: string with current state Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html> • session_reused Query whether a reused session was negotiated during handshake. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::session_reused($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 0 - new session was negotiated; 1 - session was reused. Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_session_reused.html> • set1_param Applies X509 verification parameters $vpm on $ssl my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set1_param($ssl, $vpm); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $vpm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • set_accept_state Sets $ssl to work in server mode. Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html> • set_bio Connects the BIOs $rbio and $wbio for the read and write operations of the TLS/SSL (encrypted) side of $ssl. Net::SSLeay::set_bio($ssl, $rbio, $wbio); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $rbio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # $wbio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_bio.html> • set_cipher_list Sets the list of ciphers only for ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_cipher_list($ssl, $str); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA' # # returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html> • set_client_CA_list Sets the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for the chosen $ssl, overriding the setting valid for $ssl's SSL_CTX object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_client_CA_list($ssl, $list); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $list - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html> • set_connect_state Sets $ssl to work in client mode. Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html> • set_fd Sets the file descriptor $fd as the input/output facility for the TLS/SSL (encrypted) side of $ssl, $fd will typically be the socket file descriptor of a network connection. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html> • set_rfd Sets the file descriptor $fd as the input (read) facility for the TLS/SSL (encrypted) side of $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_rfd($ssl, $fd); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html> • set_wfd my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_wfd($ssl, $fd); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html> • set_info_callback Sets the callback function, that can be used to obtain state information for $ssl during connection setup and use. When callback is 0 (NULL), the callback setting currently valid for ctx is used. ??? (does this function really work?) Net::SSLeay::set_info_callback($ssl, $cb); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $cb - pointer to function ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html> • set_pref_cipher Sets the list of available ciphers for $ssl using the control string $str. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_pref_cipher($ssl, $str); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA' # # returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html> • set_purpose my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_purpose($ssl, $purpose); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more info about available $purpose identifiers see "CTX_set_purpose". • set_quiet_shutdown Sets the 'quiet shutdown' flag for $ssl to be $mode. Net::SSLeay::set_quiet_shutdown($ssl, $mode); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $mode - 0 or 1 # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html> • set_session Set a TLS/SSL session to be used during TLS/SSL connect. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_session($to, $ses); # $to - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_session.html> • set_session_id_context Sets the context $sid_ctx of length $sid_ctx_len within which a session can be reused for the $ssl object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_session_id_context($ssl, $sid_ctx, $sid_ctx_len); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $sid_ctx - data buffer # $sid_ctx_len - length of data in $sid_ctx # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html> • set_session_secret_cb Setup pre-shared secret session resumption function. Net::SSLeay::set_session_secret_cb($ssl, $func, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $func - perl reference to callback function # $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: no return value • set_shutdown Sets the shutdown state of $ssl to $mode. Net::SSLeay::set_shutdown($ssl, $mode); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $mode - (integer) shutdown mode: # 0 - No shutdown # 1 - SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN # 2 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN # 3 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN+SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html> • set_ssl_method Sets a new TLS/SSL method for a particular $ssl object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ssl_method($ssl, $method); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $method - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html> • set_tmp_dh Sets DH parameters to be used to be $dh. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_dh($ssl, $dh); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html> • set_tmp_dh_callback Sets the callback function for $ssl to be used when a DH parameters are required to $dh_cb. ??? (does this function really work?) Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_dh_callback($ssl, $dh); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $dh_cb - pointer to function ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html> • set_tmp_rsa Sets the temporary/ephemeral RSA key to be used in $ssl to be $rsa. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa($ssl, $rsa); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Example: $rsakey = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key(); Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa($ssl, $rsakey); Net::SSLeay::RSA_free($rsakey); Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html> • set_tmp_rsa_callback Sets the callback function for $ssl to be used when a temporary/ephemeral RSA key is required to $tmp_rsa_callback. ??? (does this function really work?) Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa_callback($ssl, $tmp_rsa_callback); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $tmp_rsa_callback - (function pointer) ??? # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html> • set_trust my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_trust($ssl, $trust); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $trust - (integer) trust identifier # # returns: the original value For more details about $trust values see "CTX_set_trust". • shutdown Shuts down an active TLS/SSL connection. It sends the 'close notify' shutdown alert to the peer. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::shutdown($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 1 - shutdown was successfully completed # 0 - shutdown is not yet finished, # -1 - shutdown was not successful Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_shutdown.html> • state_string Returns a 6 letter string indicating the current state of the SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state_string($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: 6-letter string Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html> • state_string_long Returns a string indicating the current state of the SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state_string_long($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: state strings Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html> • use_PrivateKey Adds $pkey as private key to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey($ssl, $pkey); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • use_PrivateKey_ASN1 Adds the private key of type $pk stored in $data to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey_ASN1($pk, $ssl, $d, $len); # $pk - (integer) key type, NID of corresponding algorithm # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $data - key data (binary) # $len - length of $data # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • use_PrivateKey_file Adds the first private key found in $file to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey_file($ssl, $file, $type); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • use_RSAPrivateKey Adds $rsa as RSA private key to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey($ssl, $rsa); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • use_RSAPrivateKey_ASN1 Adds RSA private key stored in $data to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_ASN1($ssl, $data, $len); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $data - key data (binary) # $len - length of $data # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • use_RSAPrivateKey_file Adds the first RSA private key found in $file to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_file($ssl, $file, $type); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • use_certificate Loads the certificate $x into $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate($ssl, $x); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • use_certificate_ASN1 Loads the ASN1 encoded certificate from $data to $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_ASN1($ssl, $data, $len); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $data - certificate data (binary) # $len - length of $data # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • use_certificate_file Loads the first certificate stored in $file into $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_file($ssl, $file, $type); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html> • version Returns SSL/TLS protocol version my $rv = Net::SSLeay::version($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (integer) protocol version # 0x0002 - SSL2_VERSION (SSLv2) # 0x0300 - SSL3_VERSION (SSLv3) # 0x0301 - TLS1_VERSION (TLSv1) # 0xFEFF - DTLS1_VERSION (DTLSv1) • want Returns state information for the SSL object $ssl. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::want($ssl); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: state # 1 - SSL_NOTHING # 2 - SSL_WRITING # 3 - SSL_READING # 4 - SSL_X509_LOOKUP Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_want.html> • write Writes data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $data - data to be written # # returns: >0 - (success) number of bytes actually written to the TLS/SSL connection # 0 - write not successful, probably the underlying connection was closed # <0 - error Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_write.html> • write_partial NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Writes a fragment of data data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::write_partial($ssl, $from, $count, $data); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $from - (integer) offset from the beginning of $data # $count - (integer) length of data to be written # $data - data buffer # # returns: >0 - (success) number of bytes actually written to the TLS/SSL connection # 0 - write not successful, probably the underlying connection was closed # <0 - error • set_tlsext_host_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8f Sets TLS servername extension on SLL object $ssl to value $name. my $rv = set_tlsext_host_name($ssl, $name); # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # $name - (string) name to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Low level API: RAND_* related functions Check openssl doc related to RAND stuff <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/rand.html> • RAND_add Mixes the $num bytes at $buf into the PRNG state. Net::SSLeay::RAND_add($buf, $num, $entropy); # $buf - buffer with data to be mixed into the PRNG state # $num - number of bytes in $buf # $entropy - estimate of how much randomness is contained in $buf (in bytes) # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html> • RAND_seed Equivalent to "RAND_add" when $num == $entropy. Net::SSLeay::RAND_seed($buf); # Perlishly figures out buf size # $buf - buffer with data to be mixed into the PRNG state # $num - number of bytes in $buf # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html> • RAND_status Gives PRNG status (seeded enough or not). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_status(); #returns: 1 if the PRNG has been seeded with enough data, 0 otherwise Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html> • RAND_bytes Puts $num cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes into $buf. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_bytes($buf, $num); # $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored # $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data # # returns: 1 on success, 0 otherwise Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_bytes.html> • RAND_pseudo_bytes Puts $num pseudo-random (not necessarily unpredictable) bytes into $buf. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_pseudo_bytes($buf, $num); # $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored # $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data # # returns: 1 if the bytes generated are cryptographically strong, 0 otherwise Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_bytes.html> • RAND_cleanup Erase the PRNG state. Net::SSLeay::RAND_cleanup(); # no args, no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_cleanup.html> • RAND_egd Queries the entropy gathering daemon EGD on socket $path for 255 bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_egd($path); # $path - path to a socket of entropy gathering daemon EGD # # returns: the number of bytes read from the daemon on success, and -1 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_egd.html> • RAND_egd_bytes Queries the entropy gathering daemon EGD on socket $path for $bytes bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_egd_bytes($path, $bytes); # $path - path to a socket of entropy gathering daemon EGD # $bytes - number of bytes we want from EGD # # returns: the number of bytes read from the daemon on success, and -1 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_egd.html> • RAND_file_name Generates a default path for the random seed file. my $file = Net::SSLeay::RAND_file_name($num); # $num - maximum size of returned file name # # returns: string with file name on success, '' (empty string) on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html> • RAND_load_file Reads $max_bytes of bytes from $file_name and adds them to the PRNG. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_load_file($file_name, $max_bytes); # $file_name - the name of file # $max_bytes - bytes to read from $file_name; -1 => the complete file is read # # returns: the number of bytes read Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html> • RAND_write_file Writes 1024 random bytes to $file_name which can be used to initialize the PRNG by calling "RAND_load_file" in a later session. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_write_file($file_name); # $file_name - the name of file # # returns: the number of bytes written, and -1 if the bytes written were generated without appropriate seed Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html> • RAND_poll Collects some entropy from operating system and adds it to the PRNG. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_poll(); # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (unable to gather reasonable entropy) Low level API: OBJ_* related functions • OBJ_cmp Compares ASN1_OBJECT $a to ASN1_OBJECT $b. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_cmp($a, $b); # $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure # $b - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure # # returns: if the two are identical 0 is returned Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html> • OBJ_dup Returns a copy/duplicate of $o. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_dup($o); # $o - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html> • OBJ_nid2ln Returns long name for given NID $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2ln($n); # $n - (integer) NID # # returns: (string) long name e.g. 'commonName' Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html> • OBJ_ln2nid Returns NID corresponding to given long name $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_ln2nid($s); # $s - (string) long name e.g. 'commonName' # # returns: (integer) NID • OBJ_nid2sn Returns short name for given NID $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($n); # $n - (integer) NID # # returns: (string) short name e.g. 'CN' Example: print Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn(&Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName); • OBJ_sn2nid Returns NID corresponding to given short name $s. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid($s); # $s - (string) short name e.g. 'CN' # # returns: (integer) NID Example: print "NID_commonName constant=", &Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName; print "OBJ_sn2nid('CN')=", Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid('CN'); • OBJ_nid2obj Returns ASN1_OBJECT for given NID $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2obj($n); # $n - (integer) NID # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html> • OBJ_obj2nid Returns NID corresponding to given ASN1_OBJECT $o. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2nid($o); # $o - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure # # returns: (integer) NID Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html> • OBJ_txt2obj Converts the text string s into an ASN1_OBJECT structure. If $no_name is 0 then long names (e.g. 'commonName') and short names (e.g. 'CN') will be interpreted as well as numerical forms (e.g. '2.5.4.3'). If $no_name is 1 only the numerical form is acceptable. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2obj($s, $no_name); # $s - text string to be converted # $no_name - (integer) 0 or 1 # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html> • OBJ_obj2txt Converts the ASN1_OBJECT a into a textual representation. Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt($a, $no_name); # $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure # $no_name - (integer) 0 or 1 # # returns: textual representation e.g. 'commonName' ($no_name=0), '2.5.4.3' ($no_name=1) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html> • OBJ_txt2nid Returns NID corresponding to text string $s which can be a long name, a short name or the numerical respresentation of an object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2nid($s); # $s - (string) e.g. 'commonName' or 'CN' or '2.5.4.3' # # returns: (integer) NID Example: my $nid = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2nid('2.5.4.3'); Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($n); Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html> Low level API: ASN1_INTEGER_* related functions • ASN1_INTEGER_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Creates a new ASN1_INTEGER structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure) • ASN1_INTEGER_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Free an allocated ASN1_INTEGER structure. Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_free($i); # $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: no return value • ASN1_INTEGER_get COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object. BEWARE: If the value stored in ASN1_INTEGER is greater than max. integer that can be stored in 'long' type (usually 32bit but may vary according to platform) then this function will return -1. For getting large ASN1_INTEGER values consider using "P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec" or "P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_get($a); # $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: integer value of ASN1_INTEGER object in $a • ASN1_INTEGER_set COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val BEWARE: $val has max. limit (= max. integer that can be stored in 'long' type). For setting large ASN1_INTEGER values consider using "P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec" or "P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex". my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set($i, $val); # $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # $val - integer value # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns string with decimal representation of integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object. Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec($i); # $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: string with decimal representation • P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns string with hexadecimal representation of integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object. Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex($i); # $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: string with hexadecimal representation • P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val (decimal string, suitable for large integers) Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec($i, $str); # $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # $str - string with decimal representation # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val (hexadecimal string, suitable for large integers) Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex($i, $str); # $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # $str - string with hexadecimal representation # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Low level API: ASN1_STRING_* related functions • P_ASN1_STRING_get COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns string value of given ASN1_STRING object. Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s, $utf8_decode); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure # $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0) # # returns: string $string = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s); #is the same as: $string = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s, 0); Low level API: ASN1_TIME_* related functions • ASN1_TIME_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $time = ASN1_TIME_new(); # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure • ASN1_TIME_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before ASN1_TIME_free($time); # $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure • ASN1_TIME_set COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before ASN1_TIME_set($time, $t); # $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # $t - time value in seconds since 1.1.1970 BEWARE: It is platform dependent how this function will handle dates after 2038. Although perl's integer is large enough the internal implementation of this function is dependent on the size of time_t structure (32bit time_t has problem with 2038). If you want to safely set date and time after 2038 use function "P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime". • P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7e NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Gives ISO-8601 string representation of ASN1_TIME structure. my $datetime_string = P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time); # $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: datetime string like '2033-05-16T20:39:37Z' or '' on failure The output format is compatible with module DateTime::Format::RFC3339 • P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7e NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Sets time and date value of ANS1_time structure. my $rv = P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime($time, $string); # $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # $string - ISO-8601 timedate string like '2033-05-16T20:39:37Z' # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure The $string parameter has to be in full form like "2012-03-22T23:55:33" or "2012-03-22T23:55:33Z" or "2012-03-22T23:55:33CET". Short forms like "2012-03-22T23:55" or "2012-03-22" are not supported. • P_ASN1_TIME_put2string COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before, has bugs with openssl-0.9.8i NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function Gives string representation of ASN1_TIME structure. my $str = P_ASN1_TIME_put2string($time); # $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: datetime string like 'May 16 20:39:37 2033 GMT' • P_ASN1_UTCTIME_put2string NOTE: deprecated function, only for backward compatibility, just an alias for "P_ASN1_TIME_put2string" Low level API: X5_9_* related functions • X509_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Allocates and initializes a X509 structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html> • X509_free Frees up the X509 structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_free($a); # $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html> • X509_certificate_type COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns bitmask with type of certificate $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_certificate_type($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: (integer) bitmask with certificate type #to decode bitmask returned by this function use these constants: &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_DSA &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_EC &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_RSA &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_ENC &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_EXCH &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_EXP &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_SIGN &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_DH &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_DSA &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_EC &Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_RSA • X509_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Computes digest/fingerprint of X509 $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack('H*', $digest_value); • X509_issuer_and_serial_hash COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sort of a checksum of issuer name and serial number of X509 certificate $x. The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32 bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_issuer_and_serial_hash($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: number representing checksum • X509_issuer_name_hash COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sort of a checksum of issuer name of X509 certificate $x. The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32 bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_issuer_name_hash($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: number representing checksum • X509_subject_name_hash COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sort of a checksum of subject name of X509 certificate $x. The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32 bits). The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_subject_name_hash($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: number representing checksum • X509_pubkey_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Computes digest/fingerprint of public key from X509 certificate $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_pubkey_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack('H*', $digest_value); • X509_set_issuer_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets issuer of X509 certificate $x to $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_issuer_name($x, $name); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_set_pubkey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets public key of X509 certificate $x to $pkey. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_pubkey($x, $pkey); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_set_serialNumber COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets serial number of X509 certificate $x to $serial. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_serialNumber($x, $serial); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $serial - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure #to create $serial value use one of these: $serial = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex('45ad6f'); $serial = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec('7896541238529631478'); $serial = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set(45896); • X509_set_subject_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets subject of X509 certificate $x to $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_subject_name($x, $name); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_set_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Set 'version' value for X509 certificate $ to $version. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_version($x, $version); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $version - (integer) version number # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_sign COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sign X509 certificate $x with private key $pkey (using digest algorithm $md). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_sign($x, $pkey, $md); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_verify COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Verifies X509 object $a using public key $r (pubkey of issuing CA). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify($x, $r); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error • X509_get_ext_count COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the total number of extensions in X509 object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_count($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: count of extensions • X509_get_pubkey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns public key corresponding to given X509 object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_pubkey($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure) • X509_get_serialNumber COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns serial number of X509 certificate $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_serialNumber($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure) See "P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec", "P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex" or "ASN1_INTEGER_get" to decode ASN1_INTEGER object. • X509_get_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns 'version' value of given X509 certificate $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_version($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: (integer) version • X509_get_ext Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given position/index. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($x509, $index); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $index - (integer) position/index of extension within $x509 # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure (0 on failure) • X509_get_ext_by_NID Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given NID. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_by_NID($x509, $nid, $loc); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $nid - (integer) NID value # $loc - (integer) position to start lookup at # # returns: position/index of extension, negative value on error # call Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($x509, $rv) to get the actual extension • X509_get_fingerprint Returns fingerprint of certificate $cert. NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function. The implementation is basen on openssl's "X509_digest()". Net::SSLeay::X509_get_fingerprint($x509, $type); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $type - (string) digest type, currently supported values: # "md5" # "sha1" # "sha256" # "ripemd160" # # returns: certificate digest - hexadecimal string (NOT binary data!) • X509_get_issuer_name Return an X509_NAME object representing the issuer of the certificate $cert. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure) • X509_get_notAfter Return an object giving the time after which the certificate $cert is not valid. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure) To get human readable/printable form the return value you can use: my $time = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert); print "notAfter=", Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time), "\n"; • X509_get_notBefore Return an object giving the time before which the certificate $cert is not valid my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure) To get human readable/printable form the return value you can use: my $time = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert); print "notBefore=", Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time), "\n"; • X509_get_subjectAltNames NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function. Returns the list of alternative subject names from X509 certificate $cert. my @rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subjectAltNames($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: list containing pairs - name_type (integer), name_value (string) # where name_type can be: # 0 - GEN_OTHERNAME # 1 - GEN_EMAIL # 2 - GEN_DNS # 3 - GEN_X400 # 4 - GEN_DIRNAME # 5 - GEN_EDIPARTY # 6 - GEN_URI # 7 - GEN_IPADD # 8 - GEN_RID • X509_get_subject_name Returns the subject of the certificate $cert. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure) • X509_gmtime_adj Adjust th ASN1_TIME object to the timestamp (in GMT). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_gmtime_adj($s, $adj); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # $adj - timestamp (seconds since 1.1.1970) # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure) BEWARE: this function may fail for dates after 2038 as it is dependent on time_t size on your system (32bit time_t does not work after 2038). Consider using "P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime" instead). • X509_load_cert_crl_file Takes PEM file and loads all X509 certificates and X509 CRLs from that file into X509_LOOKUP structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_crl_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # if not FILETYPE_PEM then behaves as Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_file() # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_load_cert_file Loads/adds X509 certificate from $file to X509_LOOKUP structure my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_load_crl_file Loads/adds X509 CRL from $file to X509_LOOKUP structure my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_crl_file($ctx, $file, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure # $file - (string) file name # $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1 # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_policy_level_get0_node ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_level_get0_node($level, $i); # $level - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure # $i - (integer) index/position # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure) • X509_policy_level_node_count ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_level_node_count($level); # $level - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure # # returns: (integer) node count • X509_policy_node_get0_parent ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_parent($node); # $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure) • X509_policy_node_get0_policy ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_policy($node); # $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) • X509_policy_node_get0_qualifiers ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_qualifiers($node); # $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(POLICYQUALINFO) structure (0 on failure) • X509_policy_tree_free ??? (more info needed) Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_free($tree); # $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure # # returns: no return value • X509_policy_tree_get0_level ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_level($tree, $i); # $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure # $i - (integer) level index # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure (0 on failure) • X509_policy_tree_get0_policies ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_policies($tree); # $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure) • X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies($tree); # $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure) • X509_policy_tree_level_count ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_level_count($tree); # $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure # # returns: (integer) count • X509_verify_cert_error_string Returns a human readable error string for verification error $n. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify_cert_error_string($n); # $n - (long) numeric error code # # returns: error string Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html> • P_X509_add_extensions COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509 object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($x, $ca_cert, $nid, $value); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $ca_cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (issuer's cert - necessary for sertting NID_authority_key_identifier) # $nid - NID identifying extension to be set # $value - extension value # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure You can set more extensions at once: my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($x509, $ca_cert, &Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => 'digitalSignature,keyEncipherment', &Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_key_identifier => 'hash', &Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => 'keyid', &Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => 'issuer', &Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => 'CA:FALSE', &Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => 'serverAuth,clientAuth', &Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => 'server', &Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => 'DNS:s1.dom.com,DNS:s2.dom.com,DNS:s3.dom.com', ); • P_X509_copy_extensions COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Copies X509 extensions from X509_REQ object to X509 object - handy when you need to turn X509_REQ into X509 certificate. Net::SSLeay::P_X509_copy_extensions($x509_req, $x509, $override); # $x509_req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $override - (integer) flag indication whether to override already existing items in $x509 (default 1) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Get the list of CRL distribution points from X509 certificate. my @cdp = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points($x509); # $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: list of distribution points (usually URLs) • P_X509_get_ext_key_usage COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Gets the list of extended key usage of given X509 certificate $cert. my @ext_usage = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($cert, $format); # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # $format - choose type of return values: 0=OIDs, 1=NIDs, 2=shortnames, 3=longnames # # returns: list of values Examples: my @extkeyusage_oid = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,0); # returns for example: ("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1", "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2") my @extkeyusage_nid = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,1); # returns for example: (129, 130) my @extkeyusage_sn = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,2); # returns for example: ("serverAuth", "clientAuth") my @extkeyusage_ln = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,3); # returns for example: ("TLS Web Server Authentication", "TLS Web Client Authentication") • P_X509_get_key_usage COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Gets the list of key usage of given X509 certificate $cert. my @keyusage = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_key_usage($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: list of key usage values which can be none, one or more from the following list: # "digitalSignature" # "nonRepudiation" # "keyEncipherment" # "dataEncipherment" # "keyAgreement" # "keyCertSign" # "cRLSign" # "encipherOnly" # "decipherOnly" • P_X509_get_netscape_cert_type COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Gets the list of Netscape cert types of given X509 certificate $cert. Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_netscape_cert_type($cert); # $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: list of Netscape type values which can be none, one or more from the following list: # "client" # "server" # "email" # "objsign" # "reserved" # "sslCA" # "emailCA" # "objCA" • P_X509_get_pubkey_alg COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ASN1_OBJECT corresponding to X509 certificate public key algorithm. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_pubkey_alg($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) To get textual representation use: my $alg = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt(Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_pubkey_alg($x509)); # returns for example: "rsaEncryption" • P_X509_get_signature_alg COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns ASN1_OBJECT corresponding to X509 signarite key algorithm. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) To get textual representation use: my $alg = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt(Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($x509)) # returns for example: "sha1WithRSAEncryption" Low level API: X5_9_REQ_* related functions • X509_REQ_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Creates a new X509_REQ structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure) • X509_REQ_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Free an allocated X509_REQ structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_free($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # # returns: no return value • X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Adds an attribute whose name is defined by a NID $nid. The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID($req, $nid, $type, $bytes); # $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $nid - (integer) NID value # $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below) # $bytes - data to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure # values for $type - use constants: &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 - $bytes contains utf8 encoded data &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_ASC - $bytes contains ASCII data • X509_REQ_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_REQ $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack('H*', $digest_value); • X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieve the next index matching $nid after $lastpos ($lastpos should initially be set to -1). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid, $lastpos=-1); # $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $nid - (integer) NID value # $lastpos - [optional] (integer) index where to start search (default -1) # # returns: index (-1 if there are no more entries) Note: use "P_X509_REQ_get_attr" to get the actual attribute value - e.g. my $index = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid); my @attr_values = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $index); • X509_REQ_get_attr_by_OBJ COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieve the next index matching $obj after $lastpos ($lastpos should initially be set to -1). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_OBJ($req, $obj, $lastpos=-1); # $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $obj - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure # $lastpos - [optional] (integer) index where to start search (default -1) # # returns: index (-1 if there are no more entries) Note: use "P_X509_REQ_get_attr" to get the actual attribute value - e.g. my $index = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid); my @attr_values = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $index); • X509_REQ_get_attr_count COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the total number of attributes in $req. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_count($req); # $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # # returns: (integer) items count • X509_REQ_get_pubkey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns public key corresponding to given X509_REQ object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_pubkey($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure) • X509_REQ_get_subject_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns X509_NAME object corresponding to subject name of given X509_REQ object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_subject_name($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure) • X509_REQ_get_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns 'version' value for given X509_REQ object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_version($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # # returns: (integer) version e.g. 0 = "version 1" • X509_REQ_set_pubkey COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets public key of given X509_REQ object $x to $pkey. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_pubkey($x, $pkey); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_REQ_set_subject_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets subject name of given X509_REQ object $x to X509_NAME object $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_subject_name($x, $name); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_REQ_set_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sets 'version' of given X509_REQ object $x to $version. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_version($x, $version); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $version - (integer) e.g. 0 = "version 1" # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_REQ_sign COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sign X509_REQ object $x with private key $pk (using digest algorithm $md). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_sign($x, $pk, $md); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $pk - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (requestor's private key) # $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_REQ_verify COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Verifies X509_REQ object $x using public key $r (pubkey of requesting party). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_verify($x, $r); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error • P_X509_REQ_add_extensions COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509_REQ object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_add_extensions($x, $nid, $value); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $nid - NID identifying extension to be set # $value - extension value # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure You can set more extensions at once: my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_add_extensions($x509_req, &Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => 'digitalSignature,keyEncipherment', &Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => 'CA:FALSE', &Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => 'serverAuth,clientAuth', &Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => 'server', &Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => 'DNS:s1.com,DNS:s2.com', &Net::SSLeay::NID_crl_distribution_points => 'URI:http://pki.com/crl1,URI:http://pki.com/crl2', ); • P_X509_REQ_get_attr COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Returns attribute value for X509_REQ's attribute at index $n. Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $n); # $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure # $n - (integer) attribute index # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure Low level API: X5_9_CRL_* related functions • X509_CRL_new COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Creates a new X509_CRL structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure) • X509_CRL_free COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Free an allocated X509_CRL structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_free($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: no return value • X509_CRL_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_CRL $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) Example: my $x509_crl my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1"); my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_digest($x509_crl, $md); #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print "digest=", unpack('H*', $digest_value), "\n"; • X509_CRL_get_issuer COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns X509_NAME object corresponding to the issuer of X509_CRL $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_issuer($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure) See other "X509_NAME_*" functions to get more info from X509_NAME structure. • X509_CRL_get_lastUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns 'lastUpdate' date-time value of X509_CRL object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_lastUpdate($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure) • X509_CRL_get_nextUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns 'nextUpdate' date-time value of X509_CRL object $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_nextUpdate($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure) • X509_CRL_get_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns 'version' value of given X509_CRL structure $x. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_version($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: (integer) version • X509_CRL_set_issuer_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets the issuer of X509_CRL object $x to X509_NAME object $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_issuer_name($x, $name); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets 'lastUpdate' value of X509_CRL object $x to $tm. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate($x, $tm); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $tm - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets 'nextUpdate' value of X509_CRL object $x to $tm. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate($x, $tm); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $tm - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_CRL_set_version COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets 'version' value of given X509_CRL structure $x to $version. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, $version); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $version - (integer) version number (1 = version 2 CRL) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Note that if you want to use any X509_CRL extension you need to set "version 2 CRL" -"Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, CRL""Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, "Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, 1)". • X509_CRL_sign COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Sign X509_CRL object $x with private key $pkey (using digest algorithm $md). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_sign($x, $pkey, $md); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_CRL_sort COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sorts the data of X509_CRL object so it will be written in serial number order. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_sort($x); # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_CRL_verify COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Verifies X509_CRL object $a using public key $r (pubkey of issuing CA). my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_verify($a, $r); # $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure # # returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error • P_X509_CRL_add_revoked_serial_hex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Adds given serian number $serial_hex to X509_CRL object $crl. Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_add_revoked_serial_hex($crl, $serial_hex, $rev_time, $reason_code, $comp_time); # $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $serial_hex - string (hexadecimal) representation of serial number # $rev_time - (revocation time) value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # $reason_code - [optional] (integer) reason code (see below) - default 0 # $comp_time - [optional] (compromise time) value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure # # returns: no return value reason codes: 0 - unspecified 1 - keyCompromise 2 - CACompromise 3 - affiliationChanged 4 - superseded 5 - cessationOfOperation 6 - certificateHold 7 - removeFromCRL • P_X509_CRL_get_serial COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Returns serial number of X509_CRL object. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_get_serial($crl); # $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure) • P_X509_CRL_set_serial COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets serial number of X509_CRL object to $crl_number. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_set_serial($crl, $crl_number); # $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # $crl_number - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Low level API: X5_9_EXTENSION_* related functions • X509_EXTENSION_get_critical COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns 'critical' flag of given X509_EXTENSION object $ex. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_critical($ex); # $ex - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure # # returns: (integer) 1 - critical, 0 - noncritical • X509_EXTENSION_get_data COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns value (raw data) of X509_EXTENSION object $ne. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_data($ne); # $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OCTET_STRING structure (0 on failure) Note: you can use "P_ASN1_STRING_get" to convert ASN1_OCTET_STRING into perl scalar variable. • X509_EXTENSION_get_object COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns OID (ASN1_OBJECT) of X509_EXTENSION object $ne. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_object($ex); # $ex - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) • X509V3_EXT_print COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns string representation of given X509_EXTENSION object $ext. Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_print($ext, $flags, $utf8_decode); # $ext - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure # $flags - [optional] (integer) Currently the flag argument is unused and should be set to 0 # $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0) # # returns: no return value • X509V3_EXT_d2i Parses an extension and returns its internal structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_d2i($ext); # $ext - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure # # returns: pointer ??? Low level API: X5_9_NAME_* related functions • X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieves the field value of $ne in and ASN1_STRING structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data($ne); # $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html> • X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieves the field name of $ne in and ASN1_OBJECT structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object($ne); # $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html> • X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5 Adds a field whose name is defined by a string $field. The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt($name, $field, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set); # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # $field - (string) field definition (name) - e.g. "organizationName" # $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below) # $bytes - data to be set # $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended # $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure # values for $type - use constants: &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 - $bytes contains utf8 encoded data &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_ASC - $bytes contains ASCII data Unicode note: when passing non-ascii (unicode) string in $bytes do not forget to set "$flags = &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8" and encode the perl $string via "$bytes = encode('utf-8', $string)". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html> • X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5 Adds a field whose name is defined by a NID $nid. The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID($name, $nid, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set); # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # $nid - (integer) field definition - NID value # $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below) # $bytes - data to be set # $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended # $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html> • X509_NAME_add_entry_by_OBJ COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5 Adds a field whose name is defined by a object (OID) $obj . The field value to be added is in $bytes. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_OBJ($name, $obj, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set); # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # $obj - field definition - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure # $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below) # $bytes - data to be set # $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended # $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html> • X509_NAME_cmp COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Compares two X509_NAME obejcts. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_cmp($a, $b); # $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # $b - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # # returns: 0 if $a matches $b; non zero otherwise • X509_NAME_digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_NAME $data using $type hash function. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_digest($data, $type); # $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname() # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack('H*', $digest_value); • X509_NAME_entry_count COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns the total number of entries in $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($name); # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # # returns: (integer) entries count Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html> • X509_NAME_get_entry COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Retrieves the X509_NAME_ENTRY from $name corresponding to index $loc. Acceptable values for $loc run from 0 to "Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($name)- 1". The value returned is an internal pointer which must not be freed. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_entry($name, $loc); # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # $loc - (integer) index of wanted entry # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html> • X509_NAME_print_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns a string with human readable version of $name. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, $flags, $utf8_decode); # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # $flags - [optional] conversion flags (default XN_FLAG_RFC2253) - see below # $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0) # # returns: string representation of $name #available conversion flags - use constants: &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_COMPAT &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_DN_REV &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_LN &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_MASK &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_NONE &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_OID &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_SN &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_MULTILINE &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_ONELINE &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_RFC2253 &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ Most likely you will be fine with default: Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_RFC2253); Or you might want RFC2253-like output without utf8 chars escaping: use Net::SSLeay qw/XN_FLAG_RFC2253 ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB/; my $flag_rfc22536_utf8 = (XN_FLAG_RFC2253) & (~ ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB); my $result = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, $flag_rfc22536_utf8, 1); Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html> • X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID Retrieves the text from the first entry in name which matches $nid, if no such entry exists -1 is returned. openssl note: this is a legacy function which has various limitations which makes it of minimal use in practice. It can only find the first matching entry and will copy the contents of the field verbatim: this can be highly confusing if the target is a muticharacter string type like a BMPString or a UTF8String. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID($name, $nid); # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # $nid - NID value (integer) # # returns: text value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html> • X509_NAME_oneline Return an ASCII version of $name. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline($name); # $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure # # returns: (string) ASCII version of $name Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html> • sk_X509_NAME_free Free an allocated STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure. Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_free($sk); # $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # # returns: no return value • sk_X509_NAME_num Return number of items in STACK_OF(X509_NAME) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_num($sk); # $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # # returns: number of items • sk_X509_NAME_value Returns X509_NAME from position $index in STACK_OF(X509_NAME) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_value($sk, $i); # $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # $i - (integer) index/position # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure) • add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack Add a file of certs to a stack. All certs in $file that are not already in the $stackCAs will be added. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack($stackCAs, $file); # $stackCAs - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # $file - (string) filename # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack Add a directory of certs to a stack. All certs in $dir that are not already in the $stackCAs will be added. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack($stackCAs, $dir); # $stackCAs - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure # $dir - (string) the directory to append from. All files in this directory will be examined as potential certs. Any that are acceptable to SSL_add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack() that are not already in the stack will be included. # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Low level API: X5_9_STORE_* related functions • X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert Returns the certificate in ctx which caused the error or 0 if no certificate is relevant. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html> • X509_STORE_CTX_get_error Returns the error code of $ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_error($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) error code For more info about erro code values check function "get_verify_result". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html> • X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth Returns the depth of the error. This is a non-negative integer representing where in the certificate chain the error occurred. If it is zero it occurred in the end entity certificate, one if it is the certificate which signed the end entity certificate and so on. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth($x509_store_ctx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure # # returns: (integer) depth Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html> • X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from $x509_store_ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data($x509_store_ctx, $idx); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure # $idx - (integer) index for application specific data # # returns: pointer to ??? • X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data Is used to store application data at arg for idx into $x509_store_ctx. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data($x509_store_ctx, $idx, $data); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure # $idx - (integer) ??? # $data - (pointer) ??? # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_STORE_CTX_set_cert Sets the certificate to be vertified in $x509_store_ctx to $x. Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_cert($x509_store_ctx, $x); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_new.html> • X509_STORE_CTX_set_error Sets the error code of $ctx to $s. For example it might be used in a verification callback to set an error based on additional checks. Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_error($x509_store_ctx, $s); # $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure # $s - (integer) error id # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html> • X509_STORE_add_cert Adds X509 certificate $x into the X509_STORE $store. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_cert($store, $x); # $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_STORE_add_crl Adds X509 CRL $x into the X509_STORE $store. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_crl($store, $x); # $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure # $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_STORE_set1_param ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set1_param($store, $pm); # $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure # $pm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_STORE_set_flags Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_flags($ctx, $flags); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure # $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask) # # returns: no return value #to create $flags value use: 0x0001 - X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK - Send issuer+subject checks to verify_cb 0x0002 - X509_V_FLAG_USE_CHECK_TIME - Use check time instead of current time 0x0004 - X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK - Lookup CRLs 0x0008 - X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL - Lookup CRLs for whole chain 0x0010 - X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL - Ignore unhandled critical extensions 0x0020 - X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT - Disable workarounds for broken certificates 0x0040 - X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS - Enable proxy certificate validation 0x0080 - X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_CHECK - Enable policy checking 0x0100 - X509_V_FLAG_EXPLICIT_POLICY - Policy variable require-explicit-policy 0x0200 - X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_ANY - Policy variable inhibit-any-policy 0x0400 - X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_MAP - Policy variable inhibit-policy-mapping 0x0800 - X509_V_FLAG_NOTIFY_POLICY - Notify callback that policy is OK 0x1000 - X509_V_FLAG_EXTENDED_CRL_SUPPORT - Extended CRL features such as indirect CRLs, alternate CRL signing keys 0x2000 - X509_V_FLAG_USE_DELTAS - Delta CRL support 0x4000 - X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE - Check selfsigned CA signature #or use corresponding constants like $flags = &Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK; ... $flags = &Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE; • X509_STORE_set_purpose Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_purpose($ctx, $purpose); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure # $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier # # returns: no return value For more details about $purpose identifier check "CTX_set_purpose". • X509_STORE_set_trust Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_trust($ctx, $trust); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure # $trust - (integer) trust identifier # # returns: no return value For more details about $trust identifier check "CTX_set_trust". Low level API: X5_9_VERIFY_PARAM_* related functions • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy Enables policy checking (it is disabled by default) and adds $policy to the acceptable policy set. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy($param, $policy); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $policy - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_table ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_table($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_clear_flags Clears the flags $flags in param. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_clear_flags($param, $flags); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more details about $flags bitmask see "X509_STORE_set_flags". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free Frees up the X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure. Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: no return value • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_depth Returns the current verification depth. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_depth($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: (ineger) depth Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags Returns the current verification flags. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags($param); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask) For more details about returned flags bitmask see "X509_STORE_set_flags". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags($param, $flags); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask) # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more details about $flags bitmask see "X509_STORE_set_flags". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_inherit ??? (more info needed) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_inherit($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $from - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_lookup Finds X509_VERIFY_PARAM by name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_lookup($name); # $name - (string) name we want to find # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure (0 on failure) • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new Creates a new X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure (0 on failure) • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1 Sets the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $to to the same value as the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $from. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $from - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_name Sets the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $param to $name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_name($param, $name); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $name - (string) name to be set # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_policies Enables policy checking (it is disabled by default) and sets the acceptable policy set to policies. Any existing policy set is cleared. The policies parameter can be 0 to clear an existing policy set. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_policies($param, $policies); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $policies - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(ASN1_OBJECT) structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_depth Sets the maximum verification depth to depth. That is the maximum number of untrusted CA certificates that can appear in a chain. Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_depth($param, $depth); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $depth - (integer) depth to be set # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose Sets the verification purpose in $param to $purpose. This determines the acceptable purpose of the certificate chain, for example SSL client or SSL server. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose($param, $purpose); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more details about $purpose identifier check "CTX_set_purpose". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_time Sets the verification time in $param to $t. Normally the current time is used. Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_time($param, $t); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $t - (time_t) time in seconds since 1.1.1970 # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust Sets the trust setting in $param to $trust. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust($param, $trust); # $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure # $trust - (integer) trust identifier # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure For more details about $trust identifier check "CTX_set_trust". Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html> • X509_VERIFY_PARAM_table_cleanup ??? (more info needed) Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_table_cleanup(); # # returns: no return value Low level API: Cipher (EVP_CIPHER_*) related functions • EVP_get_cipherbyname COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before Returns an EVP_CIPHER structure when passed a cipher name. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_cipherbyname($name); # $name - (string) cipher name e.g. 'aes-128-cbc', 'camellia-256-ecb', 'des-ede', ... # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_CIPHER structure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_EncryptInit.html> Low level API: Digest (EVP_MD_*) related functions • OpenSSL_add_all_digests COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_digests(); # no args, no return value http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html • P_EVP_MD_list_all COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.0 NOTE: Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_EVP_MD_list_all(); # # returns: arrayref - list of available digest names The returned digest names correspond to values expected by "EVP_get_digestbyname". Note that some of the digets are available by default and some only after calling "OpenSSL_add_all_digests". • EVP_get_digestbyname COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname($name); # $name - string with digest name # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure The $name param can be: md2 md4 md5 mdc2 ripemd160 sha sha1 sha224 sha256 sha512 whirlpool Or better check the supported digests by calling "P_EVP_MD_list_all". • EVP_MD_type COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_type($md); # $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure # # returns: the NID (integer) of the OBJECT IDENTIFIER representing the given message digest • EVP_MD_size COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_size($md); # $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure # # returns: the size of the message digest in bytes (e.g. 20 for SHA1) • EVP_MD_CTX_md COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_md($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure • EVP_MD_CTX_create COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Allocates, initializes and returns a digest context. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_create(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure The complete idea behind EVP_MD_CTX looks like this example: Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_digests(); my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1"); my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_create(); Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit($ctx, $md); while(my $chunk = get_piece_of_data()) { Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestUpdate($ctx,$chunk); } my $result = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal($ctx); Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_destroy($ctx); print "digest=", unpack('H*', $result), "\n"; #print hex value • EVP_DigestInit_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Sets up digest context $ctx to use a digest $type from ENGINE $impl, $ctx must be initialized before calling this function, type will typically be supplied by a function such as "EVP_get_digestbyname". If $impl is 0 then the default implementation of digest $type is used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit_ex($ctx, $type, $impl); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure # $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure # $impl - value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure # # returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure • EVP_DigestInit COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Behaves in the same way as "EVP_DigestInit_ex" except the passed context $ctx does not have to be initialized, and it always uses the default digest implementation. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit($ctx, $type); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure # $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure • EVP_MD_CTX_destroy COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Cleans up digest context $ctx and frees up the space allocated to it, it should be called only on a context created using "EVP_MD_CTX_create". Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_destroy($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure # # returns: no return value • EVP_DigestUpdate COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestUpdate($ctx, $data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure # $data - data to be hashed # # returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure • EVP_DigestFinal_ex COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Retrieves the digest value from $ctx. After calling "EVP_DigestFinal_ex" no additional calls to "EVP_DigestUpdate" can be made, but "EVP_DigestInit_ex" can be called to initialize a new digest operation. my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal_ex($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack('H*', $digest_value); • EVP_DigestFinal COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Similar to "EVP_DigestFinal_ex" except the digest context ctx is automatically cleaned up. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure # # returns: hash value (binary) #to get printable (hex) value of digest use: print unpack('H*', $digest_value); • MD2 COMPATIBILITY: no supported by default in openssl-1.0.0 Computes MD2 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD2($data); print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest); • MD4 Computes MD4 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD4($data); print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest); • MD5 Computes MD5 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD5($data); print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest); • RIPEMD160 Computes RIPEMD160 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::RIPEMD160($data); print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest); • SHA1 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Computes SHA1 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA1($data); print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest); • SHA256 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8 Computes SHA256 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA256($data); print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest); • SHA512 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8 Computes SHA512 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA512($data); print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest); • EVP_Digest COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7 Computes "any" digest from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory) my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1"); #or any other algorithm my $digest = Net::SSLeay::EVP_Digest($data, $md); print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest); • EVP_sha1 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha1(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure • EVP_sha256 COMPATIBILITY: requires at least openssl-0.9.8 my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha256(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure • EVP_sha512 COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8 my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha512(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure • EVP_add_digest my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_add_digest($digest); # $digest - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 otherwise Low level API: CIPHER_* related functions • CIPHER_get_name COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before Returns name of the cipher used. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_description($cipher); # $cipher - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure # # returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA' Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html> Example: my $ssl_cipher = Net::SSLeay::get_current_cipher($ssl); my $cipher_name = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_name($ssl_cipher); • CIPHER_description Returns a textual description of the cipher used. ??? (does this function really work?) my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_description($cipher, $buf, $size); # $cipher - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure # $bufer - (string/buffer) ??? # $size - (integer) ??? # # returns: (string) cipher description e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1' Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html> • CIPHER_get_bits Returns the number of secret bits used for cipher. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_bits($c); # $c - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure # # returns: (integert) number of secret bits, 0 on error Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html> Low level API: RSA_* related functions • RSA_generate_key Generates a key pair and returns it in a newly allocated RSA structure. The pseudo-random number generator must be seeded prior to calling RSA_generate_key. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key($bits, $e, $perl_cb, $perl_cb_arg); # $bits - (integer) modulus size in bits e.g. 512, 1024, 2048 # $e - (integer) public exponent, an odd number, typically 3, 17 or 65537 # $perl_cb - [optional] reference to perl callback function # $perl_cb_arg - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_generate_key.html> • RSA_free Frees the RSA structure and its components. The key is erased before the memory is returned to the system. Net::SSLeay::RSA_free($r); # $r - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_new.html> Low level API: BIO_* related functions • BIO_eof Returns 1 if the BIO has read EOF, the precise meaning of 'EOF' varies according to the BIO type. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_eof($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: 1 if EOF has been reached 0 otherwise Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html> • BIO_f_ssl Returns the SSL BIO method. This is a filter BIO which is a wrapper round the OpenSSL SSL routines adding a BIO 'flavour' to SSL I/O. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_f_ssl(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html> • BIO_free Frees up a single BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio;); # $bio; - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html> • BIO_new Returns a new BIO using method $type my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new($type); # $type - value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html> • BIO_new_buffer_ssl_connect Creates a new BIO chain consisting of a buffering BIO, an SSL BIO (using ctx) and a connect BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_buffer_ssl_connect($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html> • BIO_new_file Creates a new file BIO with mode mode the meaning of mode is the same as the stdio function fopen(). The BIO_CLOSE flag is set on the returned BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, $mode); # $filename - (string) filename # $mode - (string) opening mode (as mode by stdio function fopen) # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_file.html> • BIO_new_ssl Allocates an SSL BIO using SSL_CTX ctx and using client mode if client is non zero. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_ssl($ctx, $client); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $client - (integer) 0 or 1 - indicates ssl client mode # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html> • BIO_new_ssl_connect Creates a new BIO chain consisting of an SSL BIO (using ctx) followed by a connect BIO. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_ssl_connect($ctx); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html> • BIO_pending Return the number of pending characters in the BIOs read buffers. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_pending($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: the amount of pending data Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html> • BIO_wpending Return the number of pending characters in the BIOs write buffers. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_wpending($s); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: the amount of pending data Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html> • BIO_read Read the underlying descriptor. Net::SSLeay::BIO_read($s, $max); # $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # $max - [optional] max. bytes to read (if not specified, the value 32768 is used) # # returns: data Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html> • BIO_write Attempts to write data from $buffer to BIO $b. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_write($b, $buffer); # $b - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # $buffer - data # # returns: amount of data successfully written # or that no data was successfully read or written if the result is 0 or -1 # or -2 when the operation is not implemented in the specific BIO type Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html> • BIO_s_mem Return the memory BIO method function. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem(); # # returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure (0 on failure) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_mem.html> • BIO_ssl_copy_session_id Copies an SSL session id between BIO chains from and to. It does this by locating the SSL BIOs in each chain and calling SSL_copy_session_id() on the internal SSL pointer. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_ssl_copy_session_id($to, $from); # $to - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # $from - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html> • BIO_ssl_shutdown Closes down an SSL connection on BIO chain bio. It does this by locating the SSL BIO in the chain and calling SSL_shutdown() on its internal SSL pointer. Net::SSLeay::BIO_ssl_shutdown($ssl_bio); # $ssl_bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html> Low level API: NPN (next protocol negotiation) related functions Simple approach for using NPN support looks like this: ### client side use Net::SSLeay; use IO::Socket::INET; Net::SSLeay::initialize(); my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr=>'encrypted.google.com:443') or die; my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, ['http1.1','spdy/2']); my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die; Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno($sock)) or die; Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl); warn "client:negotiated=",Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl), "\n"; warn "client:last_status=", Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_last_status($ssl), "\n"; ### server side use Net::SSLeay; use IO::Socket::INET; Net::SSLeay::initialize(); my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die; Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL); Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, "t/data/cert.pem", "t/data/key.pem"); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, ['spdy/2','http1.1']); my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalAddr=>'localhost', LocalPort=>5443, Proto=>'tcp', Listen=>20) or die; while (1) { my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx); warn("server:waiting for incoming connection...\n"); my $fd = $sock->accept(); Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd->fileno); Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl); warn "server:negotiated=",Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl),"\n"; my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, "length=".length($got)); Net::SSLeay::free($ssl); $fd->close(); } # check with: openssl s_client -connect localhost:5443 -nextprotoneg http/1.1,spdy/2 Please note that the selection (negotiation) is performed by client side, the server side simply advertise the list of supported protocols. Advanced approach allows you to implement your own negotiation algorithm. #see below documentation for: Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data); Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data); Detection of NPN support (works even in older Net::SSLeay versions): use Net::SSLeay; if (exists &Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated) { # do NPN stuff } • CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1 NOTE: You need CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb on client side of SSL connection. Simple usage - in this case a "common" negotiation algorithm (as implemented by openssl's function SSL_select_next_proto) is used. $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $arrayref); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $arrayref - list of accepted protocols - e.g. ['http1.0', 'http1.1'] # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure Advanced usage (you probably do not need this): $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function # $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure # where callback function looks like sub npn_advertised_cb_invoke { my ($ssl, $arrayref_proto_list_advertised_by_server, $callback_data) = @_; my $status; # ... $status = 1; #status can be: # 0 - OPENSSL_NPN_UNSUPPORTED # 1 - OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED # 2 - OPENSSL_NPN_NO_OVERLAP return $status, ['http1.1','spdy/2']; # the callback has to return 2 values } To undefine/clear this callback use: Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, undef); • CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1 NOTE: You need CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb on server side of SSL connection. Simple usage: $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $arrayref); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $arrayref - list of advertised protocols - e.g. ['http1.0', 'http1.1'] # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure Advanced usage (you probably do not need this): $rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data); # $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure # $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function # $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure # where callback function looks like sub npn_advertised_cb_invoke { my ($ssl, $callback_data) = @_; # ... return ['http1.1','spdy/2']; # the callback has to return arrayref } To undefine/clear this callback use: Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, undef); • P_next_proto_negotiated COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1 Returns the name of negotiated protocol for given SSL connection $ssl. $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl) # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (string) negotiated protocol name (or undef if no negotiation was done or failed with fatal error) • P_next_proto_last_status COMPATIBILITY: not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1 Returns the result of the last negotiation for given SSL connection $ssl. $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_last_status($ssl) # $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure # # returns: (integer) negotiation status # 0 - OPENSSL_NPN_UNSUPPORTED # 1 - OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED # 2 - OPENSSL_NPN_NO_OVERLAP Low level API: Other functions • COMP_add_compression_method Adds the compression method cm with the identifier id to the list of available compression methods. This list is globally maintained for all SSL operations within this application. It cannot be set for specific SSL_CTX or SSL objects. my $rv = Net::SSLeay::COMP_add_compression_method($id, $cm); # $id - (integer) compression method id # 0 to 63: methods defined by the IETF # 64 to 192: external party methods assigned by IANA # 193 to 255: reserved for private use # # $cm - value corresponding to openssl's COMP_METHOD structure # # returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure (check the error queue to find out the reason) Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_COMP_add_compression_method.html> • DH_free Frees the DH structure and its components. The values are erased before the memory is returned to the system. Net::SSLeay::DH_free($dh); # $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure # # returns: no return value Check openssl doc <http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/DH_new.html> Constants There are many openssl constants available in Net::SSLeay. You can use them like this: use Net::SSLeay; print &Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName; #or print Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName(); Or you can import them and use: use Net::SSLeay qw/NID_commonName/; print &NID_commonName; #or print NID_commonName(); #or print NID_commonName; The constants names are derived from openssl constants, however constants starting with "SSL_" prefix have name with "SSL_" part stripped - e.g. openssl's constant "SSL_OP_ALL" is available as "Net::SSleay::OP_ALL" The list of all available constant names: ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL NID_ext_req OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB NID_friendlyName OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE NID_givenName OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253 NID_hmacWithSHA1 OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS CB_ACCEPT_EXIT NID_id_ad OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA CB_ACCEPT_LOOP NID_id_ce OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT CB_CONNECT_EXIT NID_id_kp OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER CB_CONNECT_LOOP NID_id_pbkdf2 OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG ERROR_NONE NID_id_pe OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING ERROR_SSL NID_id_pkix OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG ERROR_SYSCALL NID_id_qt_cps OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT NID_id_qt_unotice OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG ERROR_WANT_CONNECT NID_idea_cbc OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG ERROR_WANT_READ NID_idea_cfb64 OP_NON_EXPORT_FIRST ERROR_WANT_WRITE NID_idea_ecb OP_NO_COMPRESSION ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP NID_idea_ofb64 OP_NO_QUERY_MTU ERROR_ZERO_RETURN NID_info_access OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION EVP_PKS_DSA NID_initials OP_NO_SSLv2 EVP_PKS_EC NID_invalidity_date OP_NO_SSLv3 EVP_PKS_RSA NID_issuer_alt_name OP_NO_TICKET EVP_PKT_ENC NID_keyBag OP_NO_TLSv1 EVP_PKT_EXCH NID_key_usage OP_NO_TLSv1_1 EVP_PKT_EXP NID_localKeyID OP_NO_TLSv1_2 EVP_PKT_SIGN NID_localityName OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1 EVP_PK_DH NID_md2 OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2 EVP_PK_DSA NID_md2WithRSAEncryption OP_SINGLE_DH_USE EVP_PK_EC NID_md5 OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE EVP_PK_RSA NID_md5WithRSA OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG FILETYPE_ASN1 NID_md5WithRSAEncryption OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG FILETYPE_PEM NID_md5_sha1 OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG F_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE NID_mdc2 OP_TLS_D5_BUG F_CLIENT_HELLO NID_mdc2WithRSA OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG F_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY NID_ms_code_com READING F_D2I_SSL_SESSION NID_ms_code_ind RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN F_GET_CLIENT_FINISHED NID_ms_ctl_sign RSA_3 F_GET_CLIENT_HELLO NID_ms_efs RSA_F4 F_GET_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY NID_ms_ext_req R_BAD_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE F_GET_SERVER_FINISHED NID_ms_sgc R_BAD_CHECKSUM F_GET_SERVER_HELLO NID_name R_BAD_MAC_DECODE F_GET_SERVER_VERIFY NID_netscape R_BAD_RESPONSE_ARGUMENT F_I2D_SSL_SESSION NID_netscape_base_url R_BAD_SSL_FILETYPE F_READ_N NID_netscape_ca_policy_url R_BAD_SSL_SESSION_ID_LENGTH F_REQUEST_CERTIFICATE NID_netscape_ca_revocation_url R_BAD_STATE F_SERVER_HELLO NID_netscape_cert_extension R_BAD_WRITE_RETRY F_SSL_CERT_NEW NID_netscape_cert_sequence R_CHALLENGE_IS_DIFFERENT F_SSL_GET_NEW_SESSION NID_netscape_cert_type R_CIPHER_TABLE_SRC_ERROR F_SSL_NEW NID_netscape_comment R_INVALID_CHALLENGE_LENGTH F_SSL_READ NID_netscape_data_type R_NO_CERTIFICATE_SET F_SSL_RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT NID_netscape_renewal_url R_NO_CERTIFICATE_SPECIFIED F_SSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT NID_netscape_revocation_url R_NO_CIPHER_LIST F_SSL_SESSION_NEW NID_netscape_ssl_server_name R_NO_CIPHER_MATCH F_SSL_SESSION_PRINT_FP NID_ns_sgc R_NO_PRIVATEKEY F_SSL_SET_FD NID_organizationName R_NO_PUBLICKEY F_SSL_SET_RFD NID_organizationalUnitName R_NULL_SSL_CTX F_SSL_SET_WFD NID_pbeWithMD2AndDES_CBC R_PEER_DID_NOT_RETURN_A_CERTIFICATE F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE NID_pbeWithMD2AndRC2_CBC R_PEER_ERROR F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE_ASN1 NID_pbeWithMD5AndCast5_CBC R_PEER_ERROR_CERTIFICATE F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE_FILE NID_pbeWithMD5AndDES_CBC R_PEER_ERROR_NO_CIPHER F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY NID_pbeWithMD5AndRC2_CBC R_PEER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CERTIFICATE_TYPE F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY_ASN1 NID_pbeWithSHA1AndDES_CBC R_PUBLIC_KEY_ENCRYPT_ERROR F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY_FILE NID_pbeWithSHA1AndRC2_CBC R_PUBLIC_KEY_IS_NOT_RSA F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY NID_pbe_WithSHA1And128BitRC2_CBC R_READ_WRONG_PACKET_TYPE F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY_ASN1 NID_pbe_WithSHA1And128BitRC4 R_SHORT_READ F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY_FILE NID_pbe_WithSHA1And2_Key_TripleDES_CBC R_SSL_SESSION_ID_IS_DIFFERENT F_WRITE_PENDING NID_pbe_WithSHA1And3_Key_TripleDES_CBC R_UNABLE_TO_EXTRACT_PUBLIC_KEY GEN_DIRNAME NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC2_CBC R_UNKNOWN_REMOTE_ERROR_TYPE GEN_DNS NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC4 R_UNKNOWN_STATE GEN_EDIPARTY NID_pbes2 R_X509_LIB GEN_EMAIL NID_pbmac1 SENT_SHUTDOWN GEN_IPADD NID_pkcs SESSION_ASN1_VERSION GEN_OTHERNAME NID_pkcs3 ST_ACCEPT GEN_RID NID_pkcs7 ST_BEFORE GEN_URI NID_pkcs7_data ST_CONNECT GEN_X400 NID_pkcs7_digest ST_INIT MBSTRING_ASC NID_pkcs7_encrypted ST_OK MBSTRING_BMP NID_pkcs7_enveloped ST_READ_BODY MBSTRING_FLAG NID_pkcs7_signed ST_READ_HEADER MBSTRING_UNIV NID_pkcs7_signedAndEnveloped VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE MBSTRING_UTF8 NID_pkcs8ShroudedKeyBag VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT MIN_RSA_MODULUS_LENGTH_IN_BYTES NID_pkcs9 VERIFY_NONE MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER NID_pkcs9_challengePassword VERIFY_PEER MODE_AUTO_RETRY NID_pkcs9_contentType WRITING MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE NID_pkcs9_countersignature X509_LOOKUP MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS NID_pkcs9_emailAddress X509_PURPOSE_ANY NID_OCSP_sign NID_pkcs9_extCertAttributes X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN NID_SMIMECapabilities NID_pkcs9_messageDigest X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER NID_X500 NID_pkcs9_signingTime X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER NID_X509 NID_pkcs9_unstructuredAddress X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT NID_ad_OCSP NID_pkcs9_unstructuredName X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN NID_ad_ca_issuers NID_private_key_usage_period X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT NID_algorithm NID_rc2_40_cbc X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER NID_authority_key_identifier NID_rc2_64_cbc X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN NID_basic_constraints NID_rc2_cbc X509_TRUST_COMPAT NID_bf_cbc NID_rc2_cfb64 X509_TRUST_EMAIL NID_bf_cfb64 NID_rc2_ecb X509_TRUST_OBJECT_SIGN NID_bf_ecb NID_rc2_ofb64 X509_TRUST_OCSP_REQUEST NID_bf_ofb64 NID_rc4 X509_TRUST_OCSP_SIGN NID_cast5_cbc NID_rc4_40 X509_TRUST_SSL_CLIENT NID_cast5_cfb64 NID_rc5_cbc X509_TRUST_SSL_SERVER NID_cast5_ecb NID_rc5_cfb64 X509_TRUST_TSA NID_cast5_ofb64 NID_rc5_ecb X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS NID_certBag NID_rc5_ofb64 X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK NID_certificate_policies NID_ripemd160 X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE NID_client_auth NID_ripemd160WithRSA X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK NID_code_sign NID_rle_compression X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL NID_commonName NID_rsa X509_V_FLAG_EXPLICIT_POLICY NID_countryName NID_rsaEncryption X509_V_FLAG_EXTENDED_CRL_SUPPORT NID_crlBag NID_rsadsi X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL NID_crl_distribution_points NID_safeContentsBag X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_ANY NID_crl_number NID_sdsiCertificate X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_MAP NID_crl_reason NID_secretBag X509_V_FLAG_NOTIFY_POLICY NID_delta_crl NID_serialNumber X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_CHECK NID_des_cbc NID_server_auth X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_MASK NID_des_cfb64 NID_sha X509_V_FLAG_USE_CHECK_TIME NID_des_ecb NID_sha1 X509_V_FLAG_USE_DELTAS NID_des_ede NID_sha1WithRSA X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT NID_des_ede3 NID_sha1WithRSAEncryption X509_V_OK NID_des_ede3_cbc NID_shaWithRSAEncryption XN_FLAG_COMPAT NID_des_ede3_cfb64 NID_stateOrProvinceName XN_FLAG_DN_REV NID_des_ede3_ofb64 NID_subject_alt_name XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS NID_des_ede_cbc NID_subject_key_identifier XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN NID_des_ede_cfb64 NID_surname XN_FLAG_FN_LN NID_des_ede_ofb64 NID_sxnet XN_FLAG_FN_MASK NID_des_ofb64 NID_time_stamp XN_FLAG_FN_NONE NID_description NID_title XN_FLAG_FN_OID NID_desx_cbc NID_undef XN_FLAG_FN_SN NID_dhKeyAgreement NID_uniqueIdentifier XN_FLAG_MULTILINE NID_dnQualifier NID_x509Certificate XN_FLAG_ONELINE NID_dsa NID_x509Crl XN_FLAG_RFC2253 NID_dsaWithSHA NID_zlib_compression XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS NID_dsaWithSHA1 NOTHING XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC NID_dsaWithSHA1_2 OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK NID_dsa_2 OP_ALL XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE NID_email_protect OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC NID_ext_key_usage OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ INTERNAL ONLY functions (do not use these) The following functions are not intended for use from outside of Net::SSLeay module. They might be removed, renamed or changed without prior notice in future version. Simply DO NOT USE THEM! • hello • blength • constant EXAMPLES One very good example to look at is the implementation of "sslcat()" in the "SSLeay.pm" file. The following is a simple SSLeay client (with too little error checking :-( #!/usr/bin/perl use Socket; use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error) ; Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); ($dest_serv, $port, $msg) = @ARGV; # Read command line $port = getservbyname ($port, 'tcp') unless $port =~ /^\d+$/; $dest_ip = gethostbyname ($dest_serv); $dest_serv_params = sockaddr_in($port, $dest_ip); socket (S, &AF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, 0) or die "socket: $!"; connect (S, $dest_serv_params) or die "connect: $!"; select (S); $| = 1; select (STDOUT); # Eliminate STDIO buffering # The network connection is now open, lets fire up SSL $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new() or die_now("Failed to create SSL_CTX $!"); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL) or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options"); $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now("Failed to create SSL $!"); Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(S)); # Must use fileno $res = Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl) and die_if_ssl_error("ssl connect"); print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n"; # Exchange data $res = Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $msg); # Perl knows how long $msg is die_if_ssl_error("ssl write"); CORE::shutdown S, 1; # Half close --> No more output, sends EOF to server $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); # Perl returns undef on failure die_if_ssl_error("ssl read"); print $got; Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down connection Net::SSLeay::CTX_free ($ctx); close S; The following is a simple SSLeay echo server (non forking): #!/usr/bin/perl -w use Socket; use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error); Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); $our_ip = "\0\0\0\0"; # Bind to all interfaces $port = 1235; $sockaddr_template = 'S n a4 x8'; $our_serv_params = pack ($sockaddr_template, &AF_INET, $port, $our_ip); socket (S, &AF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, 0) or die "socket: $!"; bind (S, $our_serv_params) or die "bind: $!"; listen (S, 5) or die "listen: $!"; $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new () or die_now("CTX_new ($ctx): $!"); Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL) or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options"); # Following will ask password unless private key is not encrypted Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file ($ctx, 'plain-rsa.pem', &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM); die_if_ssl_error("private key"); Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_file ($ctx, 'plain-cert.pem', &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM); die_if_ssl_error("certificate"); while (1) { print "Accepting connections...\n"; ($addr = accept (NS, S)) or die "accept: $!"; select (NS); $| = 1; select (STDOUT); # Piping hot! ($af,$client_port,$client_ip) = unpack($sockaddr_template,$addr); @inetaddr = unpack('C4',$client_ip); print "$af connection from " . join ('.', @inetaddr) . ":$client_port\n"; # We now have a network connection, lets fire up SSLeay... $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now("SSL_new ($ssl): $!"); Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(NS)); $err = Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl) and die_if_ssl_error('ssl accept'); print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n"; # Connected. Exchange some data. $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); # Returns undef on fail die_if_ssl_error("ssl read"); print "Got `$got' (" . length ($got) . " chars)\n"; Net::SSLeay::write ($ssl, uc ($got)) or die "write: $!"; die_if_ssl_error("ssl write"); Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down connection close NS; } Yet another echo server. This one runs from "/etc/inetd.conf" so it avoids all the socket code overhead. Only caveat is opening an rsa key file - it had better be without any encryption or else it will not know where to ask for the password. Note how "STDIN" and "STDOUT" are wired to SSL. #!/usr/bin/perl # /etc/inetd.conf # ssltst stream tcp nowait root /path/to/server.pl server.pl # /etc/services # ssltst 1234/tcp use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error); Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings(); Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::randomize(); chdir '/key/dir' or die "chdir: $!"; $| = 1; # Piping hot! open LOG, ">>/dev/console" or die "Can't open log file $!"; select LOG; print "server.pl started\n"; $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new() or die_now "CTX_new ($ctx) ($!)"; $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now "new ($ssl) ($!)"; Net::SSLeay::set_options($ssl, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL) and die_if_ssl_error("ssl set options"); # We get already open network connection from inetd, now we just # need to attach SSLeay to STDIN and STDOUT Net::SSLeay::set_rfd($ssl, fileno(STDIN)); Net::SSLeay::set_wfd($ssl, fileno(STDOUT)); Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_file ($ssl, 'plain-rsa.pem', Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM); die_if_ssl_error("private key"); Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_file ($ssl, 'plain-cert.pem', Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM); die_if_ssl_error("certificate"); Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl) and die_if_ssl_err("ssl accept: $!"); print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n"; $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); die_if_ssl_error("ssl read"); print "Got `$got' (" . length ($got) . " chars)\n"; Net::SSLeay::write ($ssl, uc($got)) or die "write: $!"; die_if_ssl_error("ssl write"); Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down the connection Net::SSLeay::CTX_free ($ctx); close LOG; There are also a number of example/test programs in the examples directory: sslecho.pl - A simple server, not unlike the one above minicli.pl - Implements a client using low level SSLeay routines sslcat.pl - Demonstrates using high level sslcat utility function get_page.pl - Is a utility for getting html pages from secure servers callback.pl - Demonstrates certificate verification and callback usage stdio_bulk.pl - Does SSL over Unix pipes ssl-inetd-serv.pl - SSL server that can be invoked from inetd.conf httpd-proxy-snif.pl - Utility that allows you to see how a browser sends https request to given server and what reply it gets back (very educative :-) makecert.pl - Creates a self signed cert (does not use this module) LIMITATIONS "Net::SSLeay::read()" uses an internal buffer of 32KB, thus no single read will return more. In practice one read returns much less, usually as much as fits in one network packet. To work around this, you should use a loop like this: $reply = ''; while ($got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl)) { last if print_errs('SSL_read'); $reply .= $got; } Although there is no built-in limit in "Net::SSLeay::write()", the network packet size limitation applies here as well, thus use: $written = 0; while ($written < length($message)) { $written += Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, substr($message, $written)); last if print_errs('SSL_write'); } Or alternatively you can just use the following convenience functions: Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, $message) or die "ssl write failure"; $got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_all($ssl) or die "ssl read failure"; KNOWN BUGS AND CAVEATS Autoloader emits a Argument "xxx" isn't numeric in entersub at blib/lib/Net/SSLeay.pm' warning if die_if_ssl_error is made autoloadable. If you figure out why, drop me a line. Callback set using "SSL_set_verify()" does not appear to work. This may well be an openssl problem (e.g. see "ssl/ssl_lib.c" line 1029). Try using "SSL_CTX_set_verify()" instead and do not be surprised if even this stops working in future versions. Callback and certificate verification stuff is generally too little tested. Random numbers are not initialized randomly enough, especially if you do not have "/dev/random" and/or "/dev/urandom" (such as in Solaris platforms - but it's been suggested that cryptorand daemon from the SUNski package solves this). In this case you should investigate third party software that can emulate these devices, e.g. by way of a named pipe to some program. Another gotcha with random number initialization is randomness depletion. This phenomenon, which has been extensively discussed in OpenSSL, Apache-SSL, and Apache-mod_ssl forums, can cause your script to block if you use "/dev/random" or to operate insecurely if you use "/dev/urandom". What happens is that when too much randomness is drawn from the operating system's randomness pool then randomness can temporarily be unavailable. "/dev/random" solves this problem by waiting until enough randomness can be gathered - and this can take a long time since blocking reduces activity in the machine and less activity provides less random events: a vicious circle. "/dev/urandom" solves this dilemma more pragmatically by simply returning predictable "random" numbers. Some" /dev/urandom" emulation software however actually seems to implement "/dev/random" semantics. Caveat emptor. I've been pointed to two such daemons by Mik Firestone <mik@@speed.stdio._com> who has used them on Solaris 8: 1. Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) at <http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/> 2. Pseudo-random number generating daemon (PRNGD) at http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html <http://www .aet.tu- cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html> If you are using the low level API functions to communicate with other SSL implementations, you would do well to call Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL) or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options"); to cope with some well know bugs in some other SSL implementations. The high level API functions always set all known compatibility options. Sometimes "sslcat()" (and the high level HTTPS functions that build on it) is too fast in signaling the EOF to legacy HTTPS servers. This causes the server to return empty page. To work around this problem you can set the global variable $Net::SSLeay::slowly = 1; # Add sleep so broken servers can keep up HTTP/1.1 is not supported. Specifically this module does not know to issue or serve multiple http requests per connection. This is a serious shortcoming, but using the SSL session cache on your server helps to alleviate the CPU load somewhat. As of version 1.09 many newer OpenSSL auxiliary functions were added (from "REM_AUTOMATICALLY_GENERATED_1_09" onwards in "SSLeay.xs"). Unfortunately I have not had any opportunity to test these. Some of them are trivial enough that I believe they "just work", but others have rather complex interfaces with function pointers and all. In these cases you should proceed wit great caution. This module defaults to using OpenSSL automatic protocol negotiation code for automatically detecting the version of the SSL protocol that the other end talks. With most web servers this works just fine, but once in a while I get complaints from people that the module does not work with some web servers. Usually this can be solved by explicitly setting the protocol version, e.g. $Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 2; # Insist on SSLv2 $Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 3; # Insist on SSLv3 $Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 10; # Insist on TLSv1 Although the autonegotiation is nice to have, the SSL standards do not formally specify any such mechanism. Most of the world has accepted the SSLeay/OpenSSL way of doing it as the de facto standard. But for the few that think differently, you have to explicitly speak the correct version. This is not really a bug, but rather a deficiency in the standards. If a site refuses to respond or sends back some nonsensical error codes (at the SSL handshake level), try this option before mailing me. On some systems, OpenSSL may be compiled without support for SSLv2. If this is the case, Net::SSLeay will warn if ssl_version has been set to 2. The high level API returns the certificate of the peer, thus allowing one to check what certificate was supplied. However, you will only be able to check the certificate after the fact, i.e. you already sent your form data by the time you find out that you did not trust them, oops. So, while being able to know the certificate after the fact is surely useful, the security minded would still choose to do the connection and certificate verification first and only then exchange data with the site. Currently none of the high level API functions do this, thus you would have to program it using the low level API. A good place to start is to see how the "Net::SSLeay::http_cat()" function is implemented. The high level API functions use a global file handle "SSLCAT_S" internally. This really should not be a problem because there is no way to interleave the high level API functions, unless you use threads (but threads are not very well supported in perl anyway (as of version 5.6.1). However, you may run into problems if you call undocumented internal functions in an interleaved fashion. The best solution is to "require Net::SSLeay" in one thread after all the threads have been created. DIAGNOSTICS Random number generator not seeded!!! (W) This warning indicates that "randomize()" was not able to read "/dev/random" or "/dev/urandom", possibly because your system does not have them or they are differently named. You can still use SSL, but the encryption will not be as strong. open_tcp_connection: destination host not found:`server' (port 123) ($!) Name lookup for host named "server" failed. open_tcp_connection: failed `server', 123 ($!) The name was resolved, but establishing the TCP connection failed. msg 123: 1 - error:140770F8:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unknown proto SSLeay error string. The first number (123) is the PID, the second number (1) indicates the position of the error message in SSLeay error stack. You often see a pile of these messages as errors cascade. msg 123: 1 - error:_2__1__2::lib(2) :func(1) :reason(2) The same as above, but you didn't call load_error_strings() so SSLeay couldn't verbosely explain the error. You can still find out what it means with this command: /usr/local/ssl/bin/ssleay errstr 02001002 Password is being asked for private key This is normal behaviour if your private key is encrypted. Either you have to supply the password or you have to use an unencrypted private key. Scan OpenSSL.org for the FAQ that explains how to do this (or just study examples/makecert.pl which is used during "make test" to do just that). SECURITY You can mitigate some of the security vulnerabilites that might be present in your SSL/TLS application: BEAST Attack http://blogs.cisco.com/security/beat-the-beast-with-tls/ https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/10/17/mitigating-the-beast-attack-on-tls http://blog.zoller.lu/2011/09/beast-summary-tls-cbc-countermeasures.html The BEAST attack relies on a weakness in the way CBC mode is used in SSL/TLS. In OpenSSL versions 0.9.6d and later, the protocol-level mitigation is enabled by default, thus making it not vulnerable to the BEAST attack. Solutions: • Compile with OpenSSL versions 0.9.6d or later, which enables SSL_OP_ALL by default • Ensure SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS is not enabled (its not enabled by default) • Dont support SSLv2, SSLv3 • Actively control the ciphers your server supports with set_cipher_list: Net::SSLeay::set_cipher_list($ssl, 'RC4-SHA:HIGH:!ADH'); Session Resumption http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html The SSL Labs vulnerability test on your SSL server might report in red: Session resumption No (IDs assigned but not accepted) This report is not really bug or a vulnerability, since the server will not accept session resumption requests. However, you can prevent this noise in the report by disabling the session cache altogether: Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_cache_mode($ssl_ctx, 0); Secure Renegotiation and DoS Attack https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/10/31/tls-renegotiation-and-denial-of-service-attacks This is not a "security flaw," it is more of a DoS vulnerability. Solutions: • Do not support SSLv2 • Do not set the SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION option • Compile with OpenSSL 0.9.8m or later BUGS AND SUPPORT Please report any bugs or feature requests to "bug-Net-SSLeay at rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Net-SSLeay <http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Net-SSLeay>. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes. Subversion access to the latest source code etc can be obtained at http://alioth.debian.org/projects/net-ssleay <http://alioth.debian.org/projects/net-ssleay> The developer mailing list (for people interested in contributing to the source code) can be found at http://lists.alioth.debian.org/mailman/listinfo/net-ssleay-devel <http://lists.alioth.debian.org/mailman/listinfo/net-ssleay-devel> You can find documentation for this module with the "perldoc" command. perldoc Net::SSLeay You can also look for information at: • AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation http://annocpan.org/dist/Net-SSLeay <http://annocpan.org/dist/Net-SSLeay> • CPAN Ratings http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Net-SSLeay <http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Net-SSLeay> • Search CPAN http://search.cpan.org/dist/Net-SSLeay <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Net-SSLeay> Commercial support for Net::SSLeay may be obtained from Symlabs (netssleay@symlabs.com) Tel: +351-214.222.630 Fax: +351-214.222.637 AUTHOR Maintained by Mike McCauley and Florian Ragwitz since November 2005 Originally written by Sampo Kellomaeki <sampo@symlabs.com> COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 1996-2003 Sampo Kellomaeki <sampo@symlabs.com> Copyright (C) 2005-2006 Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org> Copyright (C) 2005 Mike McCauley <mikem@open.com.au> All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this module is under the same terms as the OpenSSL package itself (i.e. free, but mandatory attribution; NO WARRANTY). Please consult LICENSE file in the root of the OpenSSL distribution. While the source distribution of this perl module does not contain Eric's or OpenSSL's code, if you use this module you will use OpenSSL library. Please give Eric and OpenSSL team credit (as required by their licenses). And remember, you, and nobody else but you, are responsible for auditing this module and OpenSSL library for security problems, backdoors, and general suitability for your application. SEE ALSO Net::SSLeay::Handle - File handle interface ./examples - Example servers and a clients <http://www.openssl.org/> - OpenSSL source, documentation, etc openssl-users-request@openssl.org - General OpenSSL mailing list <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt> - TLS 1.0 specification <http://www.w3c.org> - HTTP specifications <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt> - How to send password <http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/> - Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) <http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html> - pseudo-random number generating daemon (PRNGD) perl (1) perlref (1) perllol (1) perldoc ~openssl/doc/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.pod perl v5.16.2 2012-09-21 Net::SSLeay(3) |
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