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Scalar::Util(3pm)                     Perl Programmers Reference Guide                     Scalar::Util(3pm)



NAME
       Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines

SYNOPSIS
           use Scalar::Util qw(blessed dualvar isweak readonly refaddr reftype tainted
                               weaken isvstring looks_like_number set_prototype);
                               # and other useful utils appearing below

DESCRIPTION
       "Scalar::Util" contains a selection of subroutines that people have expressed would be nice to have
       in the perl core, but the usage would not really be high enough to warrant the use of a keyword, and
       the size so small such that being individual extensions would be wasteful.

       By default "Scalar::Util" does not export any subroutines. The subroutines defined are

       blessed EXPR
           If EXPR evaluates to a blessed reference the name of the package that it is blessed into is
           returned. Otherwise "undef" is returned.

              $scalar = "foo";
              $class  = blessed $scalar;           # undef

              $ref    = [];
              $class  = blessed $ref;              # undef

              $obj    = bless [], "Foo";
              $class  = blessed $obj;              # "Foo"

       dualvar NUM, STRING
           Returns a scalar that has the value NUM in a numeric context and the value STRING in a string
           context.

               $foo = dualvar 10, "Hello";
               $num = $foo + 2;                    # 12
               $str = $foo . " world";             # Hello world

       isvstring EXPR
           If EXPR is a scalar which was coded as a vstring the result is true.

               $vs   = v49.46.48;
               $fmt  = isvstring($vs) ? "%vd" : "%s"; #true
               printf($fmt,$vs);

       isweak EXPR
           If EXPR is a scalar which is a weak reference the result is true.

               $ref  = \$foo;
               $weak = isweak($ref);               # false
               weaken($ref);
               $weak = isweak($ref);               # true

           NOTE: Copying a weak reference creates a normal, strong, reference.

               $copy = $ref;
               $weak = isweak($copy);              # false

       looks_like_number EXPR
           Returns true if perl thinks EXPR is a number. See "looks_like_number" in perlapi.

       openhandle FH
           Returns FH if FH may be used as a filehandle and is open, or FH is a tied handle. Otherwise
           "undef" is returned.

               $fh = openhandle(*STDIN);           # \*STDIN
               $fh = openhandle(\*STDIN);          # \*STDIN
               $fh = openhandle(*NOTOPEN);         # undef
               $fh = openhandle("scalar");         # undef

       readonly SCALAR
           Returns true if SCALAR is readonly.

               sub foo { readonly($_[0]) }

               $readonly = foo($bar);              # false
               $readonly = foo(0);                 # true

       refaddr EXPR
           If EXPR evaluates to a reference the internal memory address of the referenced value is returned.
           Otherwise "undef" is returned.

               $addr = refaddr "string";           # undef
               $addr = refaddr \$var;              # eg 12345678
               $addr = refaddr [];                 # eg 23456784

               $obj  = bless {}, "Foo";
               $addr = refaddr $obj;               # eg 88123488

       reftype EXPR
           If EXPR evaluates to a reference the type of the variable referenced is returned. Otherwise
           "undef" is returned.

               $type = reftype "string";           # undef
               $type = reftype \$var;              # SCALAR
               $type = reftype [];                 # ARRAY

               $obj  = bless {}, "Foo";
               $type = reftype $obj;               # HASH

       set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE
           Sets the prototype of the given function, or deletes it if PROTOTYPE is undef. Returns the
           CODEREF.

               set_prototype \&foo, '$$';

       tainted EXPR
           Return true if the result of EXPR is tainted

               $taint = tainted("constant");       # false
               $taint = tainted($ENV{PWD});        # true if running under -T

       weaken REF
           REF will be turned into a weak reference. This means that it will not hold a reference count on
           the object it references. Also when the reference count on that object reaches zero, REF will be
           set to undef.

           This is useful for keeping copies of references , but you don't want to prevent the object being
           DESTROY-ed at its usual time.

               {
                 my $var;
                 $ref = \$var;
                 weaken($ref);                     # Make $ref a weak reference
               }
               # $ref is now undef

           Note that if you take a copy of a scalar with a weakened reference, the copy will be a strong
           reference.

               my $var;
               my $foo = \$var;
               weaken($foo);                       # Make $foo a weak reference
               my $bar = $foo;                     # $bar is now a strong reference

           This may be less obvious in other situations, such as "grep()", for instance when grepping
           through a list of weakened references to objects that may have been destroyed already:

               @object = grep { defined } @object;

           This will indeed remove all references to destroyed objects, but the remaining references to
           objects will be strong, causing the remaining objects to never be destroyed because there is now
           always a strong reference to them in the @object array.

DIAGNOSTICS
       Module use may give one of the following errors during import.

       Weak references are not implemented in the version of perl
           The version of perl that you are using does not implement weak references, to use "isweak" or
           "weaken" you will need to use a newer release of perl.

       Vstrings are not implemented in the version of perl
           The version of perl that you are using does not implement Vstrings, to use "isvstring" you will
           need to use a newer release of perl.

       "NAME" is only available with the XS version of Scalar::Util
           "Scalar::Util" contains both perl and C implementations of many of its functions so that those
           without access to a C compiler may still use it. However some of the functions are only available
           when a C compiler was available to compile the XS version of the extension.

           At present that list is: weaken, isweak, dualvar, isvstring, set_prototype

KNOWN BUGS
       There is a bug in perl5.6.0 with UV's that are >= 1<<31. This will show up as tests 8 and 9 of
       dualvar.t failing

SEE ALSO
       List::Util

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 1997-2007 Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com>. All rights reserved.  This program is free
       software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

       Except weaken and isweak which are

       Copyright (c) 1999 Tuomas J. Lukka <lukka@iki.fi>. All rights reserved.  This program is free
       software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as perl itself.



perl v5.16.2                                     2012-10-11                                Scalar::Util(3pm)