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Text::Diff(3)                        User Contributed Perl Documentation                       Text::Diff(3)



NAME
       Text::Diff - Perform diffs on files and record sets

SYNOPSIS
           use Text::Diff;

           ## Mix and match filenames, strings, file handles, producer subs,
           ## or arrays of records; returns diff in a string.
           ## WARNING: can return B<large> diffs for large files.
           my $diff = diff "file1.txt", "file2.txt", { STYLE => "Context" };
           my $diff = diff \$string1,   \$string2,   \%options;
           my $diff = diff \*FH1,       \*FH2;
           my $diff = diff \&reader1,   \&reader2;
           my $diff = diff \@records1,  \@records2;

           ## May also mix input types:
           my $diff = diff \@records1,  "file_B.txt";

DESCRIPTION
       "diff()" provides a basic set of services akin to the GNU "diff" utility.  It is not anywhere near as
       feature complete as GNU "diff", but it is better integrated with Perl and available on all platforms.
       It is often faster than shelling out to a system's "diff" executable for small files, and generally
       slower on larger files.

       Relies on Algorithm::Diff for, well, the algorithm.  This may not produce the same exact diff as a
       system's local "diff" executable, but it will be a valid diff and comprehensible by "patch".  We
       haven't seen any differences between Algorithm::Diff's logic and GNU diff's, but we have not examined
       them to make sure they are indeed identical.

       Note: If you don't want to import the "diff" function, do one of the following:

          use Text::Diff ();

          require Text::Diff;

       That's a pretty rare occurence, so "diff()" is exported by default.  =head1 OPTIONS

       diff() takes two parameters from which to draw input and a set of options to control it's output.
       The options are:

       FILENAME_A, MTIME_A, FILENAME_B, MTIME_B
           The name of the file and the modification time "files"

           These are filled in automatically for each file when diff() is passed a filename, unless a
           defined value is passed in.

           If a filename is not passed in and FILENAME_A and FILENAME_B are not provided or "undef", the
           header will not be printed.

           Unused on "OldStyle" diffs.

       OFFSET_A, OFFSET_B
           The index of the first line / element.  These default to 1 for all parameter types except ARRAY
           references, for which the default is 0.  This is because ARRAY references are presumed to be data
           structures, while the others are line oriented text.

       STYLE
           "Unified", "Context", "OldStyle", or an object or class reference for a class providing
           "file_header()", "hunk_header()", "hunk()", "hunk_footer()" and "file_footer()" methods.  The two
           footer() methods are provided for overloading only; none of the formats provide them.

           Defaults to "Unified" (unlike standard "diff", but Unified is what's most often used in
           submitting patches and is the most human readable of the three.

           If the package indicated by the STYLE has no hunk() method, c<diff()> will load it automatically
           (lazy loading).  Since all such packages should inherit from Text::Diff::Base, this should be
           marvy.

           Styles may be specified as class names ("STYLE =" "Foo"), in which case they will be "new()"ed
           with no parameters, or as objects ("STYLE =" Foo->new>).

       CONTEXT
           How many lines before and after each diff to display.  Ignored on old-style diffs.  Defaults to
           3.

       OUTPUT
           Examples and their equivalent subroutines:

               OUTPUT   => \*FOOHANDLE,   # like: sub { print FOOHANDLE shift() }
               OUTPUT   => \$output,      # like: sub { $output .= shift }
               OUTPUT   => \@output,      # like: sub { push @output, shift }
               OUTPUT   => sub { $output .= shift },

           If no "OUTPUT" is supplied, returns the diffs in a string.  If "OUTPUT" is a "CODE" ref, it will
           be called once with the (optional) file header, and once for each hunk body with the text to
           emit.  If "OUTPUT" is an IO::Handle, output will be emitted to that handle.

       FILENAME_PREFIX_A, FILENAME_PREFIX_B
           The string to print before the filename in the header. Unused on "OldStyle" diffs.  Defaults are
           "---", "+++" for Unified and "***", "+++" for Context.

       KEYGEN, KEYGEN_ARGS
           These are passed to "traverse_sequences" in Algorithm::Diff.

       Note: if neither "FILENAME_" option is defined, the header will not be printed.  If at one is
       present, the other and both MTIME_ options must be present or "Use of undefined variable" warnings
       will be generated (except on "OldStyle" diffs, which ignores these options).

Formatting Classes
       These functions implement the output formats.  They are grouped in to classes so diff() can use class
       names to call the correct set of output routines and so that you may inherit from them easily.  There
       are no constructors or instance methods for these classes, though subclasses may provide them if need
       be.

       Each class has file_header(), hunk_header(), hunk(), and footer() methods identical to those
       documented in the Text::Diff::Unified section.  header() is called before the hunk() is first called,
       footer() afterwards.  The default footer function is an empty method provided for overloading:

           sub footer { return "End of patch\n" }

       Some output formats are provided by external modules (which are loaded automatically), such as
       Text::Diff::Table.  These are are documented here to keep the documentation simple.

   Text::Diff::Base
       Returns "" for all methods (other than "new()").

   Text::Diff::Unified
         --- A   Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
         +++ B   Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
         @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
          2
          3
          4
         -5d
         +5a
          6
          7
          8
          9
         +9a
          10
          11
         -11d
          12
          13

       file_header
             $s = Text::Diff::Unified->file_header( $options );

           Returns a string containing a unified header.  The sole parameter is the options hash passed in
           to diff(), containing at least:

             FILENAME_A  => $fn1,
             MTIME_A     => $mtime1,
             FILENAME_B  => $fn2,
             MTIME_B     => $mtime2

           May also contain

             FILENAME_PREFIX_A    => "---",
             FILENAME_PREFIX_B    => "+++",

           to override the default prefixes (default values shown).

       hunk_header
             Text::Diff::Unified->hunk_header( \@ops, $options );

           Returns a string containing the output of one hunk of unified diff.

       Text::Diff::Unified::hunk
             Text::Diff::Unified->hunk( \@seq_a, \@seq_b, \@ops, $options );

           Returns a string containing the output of one hunk of unified diff.

   Text::Diff::Table
         +--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+
         |  |../Test-Differences-0.2/MANIFEST  |  |../Test-Differences/MANIFEST  |
         |  |Thu Dec 13 15:38:49 2001          |  |Sat Dec 15 02:09:44 2001      |
         +--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+
         |  |                                  * 1|Changes                       *
         | 1|Differences.pm                    | 2|Differences.pm                |
         | 2|MANIFEST                          | 3|MANIFEST                      |
         |  |                                  * 4|MANIFEST.SKIP                 *
         | 3|Makefile.PL                       | 5|Makefile.PL                   |
         |  |                                  * 6|t/00escape.t                  *
         | 4|t/00flatten.t                     | 7|t/00flatten.t                 |
         | 5|t/01text_vs_data.t                | 8|t/01text_vs_data.t            |
         | 6|t/10test.t                        | 9|t/10test.t                    |
         +--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+

       This format also goes to some pains to highlight "invisible" characters on differing elements by
       selectively escaping whitespace:

         +--+--------------------------+--------------------------+
         |  |demo_ws_A.txt             |demo_ws_B.txt             |
         |  |Fri Dec 21 08:36:32 2001  |Fri Dec 21 08:36:50 2001  |
         +--+--------------------------+--------------------------+
         | 1|identical                 |identical                 |
         * 2|        spaced in         |        also spaced in    *
         * 3|embedded space            |embedded        tab       *
         | 4|identical                 |identical                 |
         * 5|        spaced in         |\ttabbed in               *
         * 6|trailing spaces\s\s\n     |trailing tabs\t\t\n       *
         | 7|identical                 |identical                 |
         * 8|lf line\n                 |crlf line\r\n             *
         * 9|embedded ws               |embedded\tws              *
         +--+--------------------------+--------------------------+

       See "Text::Diff::Table" for more details, including how the whitespace escaping works.

   Text::Diff::Context
           *** A   Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
           --- B   Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
           ***************
           *** 2,14 ****
             2
             3
             4
           ! 5d
             6
             7
             8
             9
             10
             11
           - 11d
             12
             13
           --- 2,14 ----2 ---2
             2
             3
             4
           ! 5a
             6
             7
             8
             9
           + 9a
             10
             11
             12
             13

       Note: hunk_header() returns only "***************\n".

   Text::Diff::OldStyle
           5c5
           < 5d
           ---
           > 5a
           9a10
           > 9a
           12d12
           < 11d

       Note: no file_header().

LIMITATIONS
       Must suck both input files entirely in to memory and store them with a normal amount of Perlish
       overhead (one array location) per record.  This is implied by the implementation of Algorithm::Diff,
       which takes two arrays.  If Algorithm::Diff ever offers an incremental mode, this can be changed
       (contact the maintainers of Algorithm::Diff and Text::Diff if you need this; it shouldn't be too
       terribly hard to tie arrays in this fashion).

       Does not provide most of the more refined GNU diff options: recursive directory tree scanning,
       ignoring blank lines / whitespace, etc., etc.  These can all be added as time permits and need
       arises, many are rather easy; patches quite welcome.

       Uses closures internally, this may lead to leaks on "perl" versions 5.6.1 and prior if used many
       times over a process' life time.

AUTHOR
       Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org>

       Barrie Slaymaker <barries@slaysys.com>

COPYRIGHT
       Some parts copyright 2009 Adam Kennedy.

       Copyright 2001 Barrie Slaymaker.  All Rights Reserved.

       You may use this under the terms of either the Artistic License or GNU Public License v 2.0 or
       greater.



perl v5.16.2                                     2011-04-16                                    Text::Diff(3)