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Tk_ConfigureWidget(3) Tk Library Procedures Tk_ConfigureWidget(3)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NAME
Tk_ConfigureWidget, Tk_ConfigureInfo, Tk_ConfigureValue, Tk_FreeOptions - process configuration
options for widgets
SYNOPSIS
#include <tk.h>
int
Tk_ConfigureWidget(interp, tkwin, specs, argc, argv, widgRec, flags)
int
Tk_ConfigureInfo(interp, tkwin, specs, widgRec, argvName, flags)
int
Tk_ConfigureValue(interp, tkwin, specs, widgRec, argvName, flags)
Tk_FreeOptions(specs, widgRec, display, flags)
ARGUMENTS
Tcl_Interp *interp (in) Interpreter to use for returning error messages.
Tk_Window tkwin (in) Window used to represent widget (needed to set up X resources).
Tk_ConfigSpec *specs (in) Pointer to table specifying legal configuration options for this
widget.
int argc (in) Number of arguments in argv.
const char **argv (in) Command-line options for configuring widget.
char *widgRec (in/out) Points to widget record structure. Fields in this structure get
modified by Tk_ConfigureWidget to hold configuration informa-tion. information.
tion.
int flags (in) If non-zero, then it specifies an OR-ed combination of flags
that control the processing of configuration information.
TK_CONFIG_ARGV_ONLY causes the option database and defaults to
be ignored, and flag bits TK_CONFIG_USER_BIT and higher are used
to selectively disable entries in specs.
type name type (in) The name of the type of a widget record.
field name field (in) The name of a field in records of type type.
const char *argvName (in) The name used on Tcl command lines to refer to a particular
option (e.g. when creating a widget or invoking the configure
widget command). If non-NULL, then information is returned only
for this option. If NULL, then information is returned for all
available options.
Display *display (in) Display containing widget whose record is being freed; needed
in order to free up resources.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
Note: Tk_ConfigureWidget should be replaced with the new Tcl_Obj based API Tk_SetOptions. The old
interface is retained for backward compatibility.
Tk_ConfigureWidget is called to configure various aspects of a widget, such as colors, fonts, border
width, etc. It is intended as a convenience procedure to reduce the amount of code that must be
written in individual widget managers to handle configuration information. It is typically invoked
when widgets are created, and again when the configure command is invoked for a widget. Although
intended primarily for widgets, Tk_ConfigureWidget can be used in other situations where argc-argv
information is to be used to fill in a record structure, such as configuring graphical elements for a
canvas widget or entries of a menu.
Tk_ConfigureWidget processes a table specifying the configuration options that are supported (specs)
and a collection of command-line arguments (argc and argv) to fill in fields of a record (widgRec).
It uses the option database and defaults specified in specs to fill in fields of widgRec that are not
specified in argv. Tk_ConfigureWidget normally returns the value TCL_OK; in this case it does not
modify interp. If an error occurs then TCL_ERROR is returned and Tk_ConfigureWidget will leave an
error message in interp->result in the standard Tcl fashion. In the event of an error return, some
of the fields of widgRec could already have been set, if configuration information for them was suc-cessfully successfully
cessfully processed before the error occurred. The other fields will be set to reasonable initial
values so that Tk_FreeOptions can be called for cleanup.
The specs array specifies the kinds of configuration options expected by the widget. Each of its
entries specifies one configuration option and has the following structure:
typedef struct {
int type;
char *argvName;
char *dbName;
char *dbClass;
char *defValue;
int offset;
int specFlags;
Tk_CustomOption *customPtr;
} Tk_ConfigSpec;
The type field indicates what type of configuration option this is (e.g. TK_CONFIG_COLOR for a color
value, or TK_CONFIG_INT for an integer value). The type field indicates how to use the value of the
option (more on this below). The argvName field is a string such as "-font" or "-bg", which is com-pared compared
pared with the values in argv (if argvName is NULL it means this is a grouped entry; see GROUPED
ENTRIES below). The dbName and dbClass fields are used to look up a value for this option in the
option database. The defValue field specifies a default value for this configuration option if no
value is specified in either argv or the option database. Offset indicates where in widgRec to store
information about this option, and specFlags contains additional information to control the process-ing processing
ing of this configuration option (see FLAGS below). The last field, customPtr, is only used if type
is TK_CONFIG_CUSTOM; see CUSTOM OPTION TYPES below.
Tk_ConfigureWidget first processes argv to see which (if any) configuration options are specified
there. Argv must contain an even number of fields; the first of each pair of fields must match the
argvName of some entry in specs (unique abbreviations are acceptable), and the second field of the
pair contains the value for that configuration option. If there are entries in spec for which there
were no matching entries in argv, Tk_ConfigureWidget uses the dbName and dbClass fields of the specs
entry to probe the option database; if a value is found, then it is used as the value for the
option. Finally, if no entry is found in the option database, the defValue field of the specs entry
is used as the value for the configuration option. If the defValue is NULL, or if the TK_CON-FIG_DONT_SET_DEFAULT TK_CONFIG_DONT_SET_DEFAULT
FIG_DONT_SET_DEFAULT bit is set in flags, then there is no default value and this specs entry will be
ignored if no value is specified in argv or the option database.
Once a string value has been determined for a configuration option, Tk_ConfigureWidget translates the
string value into a more useful form, such as a color if type is TK_CONFIG_COLOR or an integer if
type is TK_CONFIG_INT. This value is then stored in the record pointed to by widgRec. This record
is assumed to contain information relevant to the manager of the widget; its exact type is unknown
to Tk_ConfigureWidget. The offset field of each specs entry indicates where in widgRec to store the
information about this configuration option. You should use the Tk_Offset macro to generate offset
values (see below for a description of Tk_Offset). The location indicated by widgRec and offset will
be referred to as the "target" in the descriptions below.
The type field of each entry in specs determines what to do with the string value of that configura-tion configuration
tion option. The legal values for type, and the corresponding actions, are:
TK_CONFIG_ACTIVE_CURSOR
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a cursor in a form suitable for passing to
Tk_GetCursor. The value is converted to a Tk_Cursor by calling Tk_GetCursor and the result is
stored in the target. In addition, the resulting cursor is made the active cursor for tkwin
by calling XDefineCursor. If TK_CONFIG_NULL_OK is specified in specFlags then the value may
be an empty string, in which case the target and tkwin's active cursor will be set to None.
If the previous value of the target was not None, then it is freed by passing it to
Tk_FreeCursor.
TK_CONFIG_ANCHOR
The value must be an ASCII string identifying an anchor point in one of the ways accepted by
Tk_GetAnchor. The string is converted to a Tk_Anchor by calling Tk_GetAnchor and the result
is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_BITMAP
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a bitmap in a form suitable for passing to
Tk_GetBitmap. The value is converted to a Pixmap by calling Tk_GetBitmap and the result is
stored in the target. If TK_CONFIG_NULL_OK is specified in specFlags then the value may be an
empty string, in which case the target is set to None. If the previous value of the target
was not None, then it is freed by passing it to Tk_FreeBitmap.
TK_CONFIG_BOOLEAN
The value must be an ASCII string specifying a boolean value. Any of the values "true",
"yes", "on", or "1", or an abbreviation of one of these values, means true; any of the values
"false", "no", "off", or "0", or an abbreviation of one of these values, means false. The
target is expected to be an integer; for true values it will be set to 1 and for false values
it will be set to 0.
TK_CONFIG_BORDER
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a border color in a form suitable for passing to
Tk_Get3DBorder. The value is converted to a (Tk_3DBorder *) by calling Tk_Get3DBorder and the
result is stored in the target. If TK_CONFIG_NULL_OK is specified in specFlags then the value
may be an empty string, in which case the target will be set to NULL. If the previous value
of the target was not NULL, then it is freed by passing it to Tk_Free3DBorder.
TK_CONFIG_CAP_STYLE
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a cap style in one of the ways accepted by
Tk_GetCapStyle. The string is converted to an integer value corresponding to the cap style by
calling Tk_GetCapStyle and the result is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_COLOR
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a color in a form suitable for passing to
Tk_GetColor. The value is converted to an (XColor *) by calling Tk_GetColor and the result is
stored in the target. If TK_CONFIG_NULL_OK is specified in specFlags then the value may be an
empty string, in which case the target will be set to None. If the previous value of the tar-get target
get was not NULL, then it is freed by passing it to Tk_FreeColor.
TK_CONFIG_CURSOR
This option is identical to TK_CONFIG_ACTIVE_CURSOR except that the new cursor is not made the
active one for tkwin.
TK_CONFIG_CUSTOM
This option allows applications to define new option types. The customPtr field of the entry
points to a structure defining the new option type. See the section CUSTOM OPTION TYPES below
for details.
TK_CONFIG_DOUBLE
The value must be an ASCII floating-point number in the format accepted by strtol. The string
is converted to a double value, and the value is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_END
Marks the end of the table. The last entry in specs must have this type; all of its other
fields are ignored and it will never match any arguments.
TK_CONFIG_FONT
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a font in a form suitable for passing to Tk_Get-Font. Tk_GetFont.
Font. The value is converted to a Tk_Font by calling Tk_GetFont and the result is stored in
the target. If TK_CONFIG_NULL_OK is specified in specFlags then the value may be an empty
string, in which case the target will be set to NULL. If the previous value of the target was
not NULL, then it is freed by passing it to Tk_FreeFont.
TK_CONFIG_INT
The value must be an ASCII integer string in the format accepted by strtol (e.g. "0" and "0x"
prefixes may be used to specify octal or hexadecimal numbers, respectively). The string is
converted to an integer value and the integer is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_JOIN_STYLE
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a join style in one of the ways accepted by
Tk_GetJoinStyle. The string is converted to an integer value corresponding to the join style
by calling Tk_GetJoinStyle and the result is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_JUSTIFY
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a justification method in one of the ways
accepted by Tk_GetJustify. The string is converted to a Tk_Justify by calling Tk_GetJustify
and the result is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_MM
The value must specify a screen distance in one of the forms acceptable to Tk_GetScreenMM.
The string is converted to double-precision floating-point distance in millimeters and the
value is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_PIXELS
The value must specify screen units in one of the forms acceptable to Tk_GetPixels. The
string is converted to an integer distance in pixels and the value is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_RELIEF
The value must be an ASCII string identifying a relief in a form suitable for passing to
Tk_GetRelief. The value is converted to an integer relief value by calling Tk_GetRelief and
the result is stored in the target.
TK_CONFIG_STRING
A copy of the value is made by allocating memory space with Tcl_Alloc and copying the value
into the dynamically-allocated space. A pointer to the new string is stored in the target.
If TK_CONFIG_NULL_OK is specified in specFlags then the value may be an empty string, in which
case the target will be set to NULL. If the previous value of the target was not NULL, then
it is freed by passing it to Tcl_Free.
TK_CONFIG_SYNONYM
This type value identifies special entries in specs that are synonyms for other entries. If
an argv value matches the argvName of a TK_CONFIG_SYNONYM entry, the entry is not used
directly. Instead, Tk_ConfigureWidget searches specs for another entry whose argvName is the
same as the dbName field in the TK_CONFIG_SYNONYM entry; this new entry is used just as if
its argvName had matched the argv value. The synonym mechanism allows multiple argv values to
be used for a single configuration option, such as "-background" and "-bg".
TK_CONFIG_UID
The value is translated to a Tk_Uid (by passing it to Tk_GetUid). The resulting value is
stored in the target. If TK_CONFIG_NULL_OK is specified in specFlags and the value is an
empty string then the target will be set to NULL.
TK_CONFIG_WINDOW
The value must be a window path name. It is translated to a Tk_Window token and the token is
stored in the target.
GROUPED ENTRIES
In some cases it is useful to generate multiple resources from a single configuration value. For
example, a color name might be used both to generate the background color for a widget (using TK_CON-FIG_COLOR) TK_CONFIG_COLOR)
FIG_COLOR) and to generate a 3-D border to draw around the widget (using TK_CONFIG_BORDER). In cases
like this it is possible to specify that several consecutive entries in specs are to be treated as a
group. The first entry is used to determine a value (using its argvName, dbName, dbClass, and def-Value defValue
Value fields). The value will be processed several times (one for each entry in the group), generat-ing generating
ing multiple different resources and modifying multiple targets within widgRec. Each of the entries
after the first must have a NULL value in its argvName field; this indicates that the entry is to be
grouped with the entry that precedes it. Only the type and offset fields are used from these follow-on followon
on entries.
FLAGS
The flags argument passed to Tk_ConfigureWidget is used in conjunction with the specFlags fields in
the entries of specs to provide additional control over the processing of configuration options.
These values are used in three different ways as described below.
First, if the flags argument to Tk_ConfigureWidget has the TK_CONFIG_ARGV_ONLY bit set (i.e., flags |
TK_CONFIG_ARGV_ONLY != 0), then the option database and defValue fields are not used. In this case,
if an entry in specs does not match a field in argv then nothing happens: the corresponding target is
not modified. This feature is useful when the goal is to modify certain configuration options while
leaving others in their current state, such as when a configure widget command is being processed.
Second, the specFlags field of an entry in specs may be used to control the processing of that entry.
Each specFlags field may consists of an OR-ed combination of the following values:
TK_CONFIG_COLOR_ONLY
If this bit is set then the entry will only be considered if the display for tkwin has more
than one bit plane. If the display is monochromatic then this specs entry will be ignored.
TK_CONFIG_MONO_ONLY
If this bit is set then the entry will only be considered if the display for tkwin has exactly
one bit plane. If the display is not monochromatic then this specs entry will be ignored.
TK_CONFIG_NULL_OK
This bit is only relevant for some types of entries (see the descriptions of the various entry
types above). If this bit is set, it indicates that an empty string value for the field is
acceptable and if it occurs then the target should be set to NULL or None, depending on the
type of the target. This flag is typically used to allow a feature to be turned off entirely,
e.g. set a cursor value to None so that a window simply inherits its parent's cursor. If this
bit is not set then empty strings are processed as strings, which generally results in an
error.
TK_CONFIG_DONT_SET_DEFAULT
If this bit is one, it means that the defValue field of the entry should only be used for
returning the default value in Tk_ConfigureInfo. In calls to Tk_ConfigureWidget no default
will be supplied for entries with this flag set; it is assumed that the caller has already
supplied a default value in the target location. This flag provides a performance optimiza-tion optimization
tion where it is expensive to process the default string: the client can compute the default
once, save the value, and provide it before calling Tk_ConfigureWidget.
TK_CONFIG_OPTION_SPECIFIED
This bit is deprecated. It used to be set and cleared by Tk_ConfigureWidget so that callers |
could detect what entries were specified in argv, but it was removed because it was inherently |
thread-unsafe. Code that wishes to detect what options were specified should use Tk_SetOptions |
instead.
The TK_CONFIG_MONO_ONLY and TK_CONFIG_COLOR_ONLY flags are typically used to specify different
default values for monochrome and color displays. This is done by creating two entries in specs that
are identical except for their defValue and specFlags fields. One entry should have the value
TK_CONFIG_MONO_ONLY in its specFlags and the default value for monochrome displays in its defValue;
the other entry should have the value TK_CONFIG_COLOR_ONLY in its specFlags and the appropriate def-Value defValue
Value for color displays.
Third, it is possible to use flags and specFlags together to selectively disable some entries. This
feature is not needed very often. It is useful in cases where several similar kinds of widgets are
implemented in one place. It allows a single specs table to be created with all the configuration
options for all the widget types. When processing a particular widget type, only entries relevant to
that type will be used. This effect is achieved by setting the high-order bits (those in positions
equal to or greater than TK_CONFIG_USER_BIT) in specFlags values or in flags. In order for a partic-ular particular
ular entry in specs to be used, its high-order bits must match exactly the high-order bits of the
flags value passed to Tk_ConfigureWidget. If a specs table is being used for N different widget
types, then N of the high-order bits will be used. Each specs entry will have one of more of those
bits set in its specFlags field to indicate the widget types for which this entry is valid. When
calling Tk_ConfigureWidget, flags will have a single one of these bits set to select the entries for
the desired widget type. For a working example of this feature, see the code in tkButton.c.
TK_OFFSET
The Tk_Offset macro is provided as a safe way of generating the offset values for entries in Tk_Con-figSpec Tk_ConfigSpec
figSpec structures. It takes two arguments: the name of a type of record, and the name of a field
in that record. It returns the byte offset of the named field in records of the given type.
TK_CONFIGUREINFO
The Tk_ConfigureInfo procedure may be used to obtain information about one or all of the options for
a given widget. Given a token for a window (tkwin), a table describing the configuration options for
a class of widgets (specs), a pointer to a widget record containing the current information for a
widget (widgRec), and a NULL argvName argument, Tk_ConfigureInfo generates a string describing all of
the configuration options for the window. The string is placed in interp->result. Under normal cir-cumstances circumstances
cumstances it returns TCL_OK; if an error occurs then it returns TCL_ERROR and interp->result con-tains contains
tains an error message.
If argvName is NULL, then the value left in interp->result by Tk_ConfigureInfo consists of a list of
one or more entries, each of which describes one configuration option (i.e. one entry in specs).
Each entry in the list will contain either two or five values. If the corresponding entry in specs
has type TK_CONFIG_SYNONYM, then the list will contain two values: the argvName for the entry and
the dbName (synonym name). Otherwise the list will contain five values: argvName, dbName, dbClass,
defValue, and current value. The current value is computed from the appropriate field of widgRec by
calling procedures like Tk_NameOfColor.
If the argvName argument to Tk_ConfigureInfo is non-NULL, then it indicates a single option, and
information is returned only for that option. The string placed in interp->result will be a list
containing two or five values as described above; this will be identical to the corresponding sub-list sublist
list that would have been returned if argvName had been NULL.
The flags argument to Tk_ConfigureInfo is used to restrict the specs entries to consider, just as for
Tk_ConfigureWidget.
TK_CONFIGUREVALUE
Tk_ConfigureValue takes arguments similar to Tk_ConfigureInfo; instead of returning a list of values,
it just returns the current value of the option given by argvName (argvName must not be NULL). The
value is returned in interp->result and TCL_OK is normally returned as the procedure's result. If an
error occurs in Tk_ConfigureValue (e.g., argvName is not a valid option name), TCL_ERROR is returned
and an error message is left in interp->result. This procedure is typically called to implement cget
widget commands.
TK_FREEOPTIONS
The Tk_FreeOptions procedure may be invoked during widget cleanup to release all of the resources
associated with configuration options. It scans through specs and for each entry corresponding to a
resource that must be explicitly freed (e.g. those with type TK_CONFIG_COLOR), it frees the resource
in the widget record. If the field in the widget record does not refer to a resource (e.g. it con-tains contains
tains a null pointer) then no resource is freed for that entry. After freeing a resource, Tk_FreeOp-tions Tk_FreeOptions
tions sets the corresponding field of the widget record to null.
CUSTOM OPTION TYPES
Applications can extend the built-in configuration types with additional configuration types by writ-ing writing
ing procedures to parse and print options of the a type and creating a structure pointing to those
procedures:
typedef struct Tk_CustomOption {
Tk_OptionParseProc *parseProc;
Tk_OptionPrintProc *printProc;
ClientData clientData;
} Tk_CustomOption;
typedef int Tk_OptionParseProc(
ClientData clientData,
Tcl_Interp *interp,
Tk_Window tkwin,
char *value,
char *widgRec,
int offset);
typedef char *Tk_OptionPrintProc(
ClientData clientData,
Tk_Window tkwin,
char *widgRec,
int offset,
Tcl_FreeProc **freeProcPtr);
The Tk_CustomOption structure contains three fields, which are pointers to the two procedures and a
clientData value to be passed to those procedures when they are invoked. The clientData value typi-cally typically
cally points to a structure containing information that is needed by the procedures when they are
parsing and printing options.
The parseProc procedure is invoked by Tk_ConfigureWidget to parse a string and store the resulting
value in the widget record. The clientData argument is a copy of the clientData field in the Tk_Cus-tomOption Tk_CustomOption
tomOption structure. The interp argument points to a Tcl interpreter used for error reporting.
Tkwin is a copy of the tkwin argument to Tk_ConfigureWidget. The value argument is a string describ-ing describing
ing the value for the option; it could have been specified explicitly in the call to Tk_Config-ureWidget Tk_ConfigureWidget
ureWidget or it could come from the option database or a default. Value will never be a null pointer
but it may point to an empty string. RecordPtr is the same as the widgRec argument to Tk_Config-ureWidget; Tk_ConfigureWidget;
ureWidget; it points to the start of the widget record to modify. The last argument, offset, gives
the offset in bytes from the start of the widget record to the location where the option value is to
be placed. The procedure should translate the string to whatever form is appropriate for the option
and store the value in the widget record. It should normally return TCL_OK, but if an error occurs
in translating the string to a value then it should return TCL_ERROR and store an error message in
interp->result.
The printProc procedure is called by Tk_ConfigureInfo to produce a string value describing an exist-ing existing
ing option. Its clientData, tkwin, widgRec, and offset arguments all have the same meaning as for
Tk_OptionParseProc procedures. The printProc procedure should examine the option whose value is
stored at offset in widgRec, produce a string describing that option, and return a pointer to the
string. If the string is stored in dynamically-allocated memory, then the procedure must set *freeP-rocPtr *freeProcPtr
rocPtr to the address of a procedure to call to free the string's memory; Tk_ConfigureInfo will call
this procedure when it is finished with the string. If the result string is stored in static memory
then printProc need not do anything with the freeProcPtr argument.
Once parseProc and printProc have been defined and a Tk_CustomOption structure has been created for
them, options of this new type may be manipulated with Tk_ConfigSpec entries whose type fields are
TK_CONFIG_CUSTOM and whose customPtr fields point to the Tk_CustomOption structure.
EXAMPLES
Although the explanation of Tk_ConfigureWidget is fairly complicated, its actual use is pretty
straightforward. The easiest way to get started is to copy the code from an existing widget. The
library implementation of frames (tkFrame.c) has a simple configuration table, and the library imple-mentation implementation
mentation of buttons (tkButton.c) has a much more complex table that uses many of the fancy specFlags
mechanisms.
SEE ALSO
Tk_SetOptions(3)
KEYWORDS
anchor, bitmap, boolean, border, cap style, color, configuration options, cursor, custom, double,
font, integer, join style, justify, millimeters, pixels, relief, synonym, uid
Tk 4.1 Tk_ConfigureWidget(3)
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