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LOG(3)                   BSD Library Functions Manual                   LOG(3)

NAME
     log, log2, log10, log1p, -- logarithm functions

SYNOPSIS
     #include <math.h>

     double
     log(double x);

     long double
     logl(long double x);

     float
     logf(float x);

     double
     log2(double x);

     long double
     log2l(long double x);

     float
     log2f(float x);

     double
     log10(double x);

     long double
     log10l(long double x);

     float
     log10f(float x);

     double
     log1p(double x);

     long double
     log1pl(long double x);

     float
     log1pf(float x);

DESCRIPTION
     The log() function computes the value of the natural logarithm of argument x.

     The log2() function computes the value of the logarithm of argument x to base 2.

     The log10() function computes the value of the logarithm of argument x to base 10.

     If x is nearly zero, then the common expression log(1 + x) will not be able to produce accurate
     results, as most (or all) of the information in x will be lost by addition.  Instead, use log1p(x) to
     perform the same computation without undue loss of accuracy.  If you find yourself using this function,
     you are likely to also be interested in the expm1() function.

SPECIAL VALUES
     log(+-_), log2(+-_), and log10(+-_) return -infinity and raise the "divide-by-zero" floating-point
     exception.

     log(1), log2(1), and log10(1) return +0.

     log(x), log2(x), and log10(x) return a NaN and raise the "invalid" floating-point exception for x < 0.

     log(+infinity), log2(+infinity), and log10(+infinity) return +infinity.

     log1p(+-_) returns +-0.

     log1p(-1) returns -infinity and raises the "divide-by-zero" floating-point exception.

     log1p(x) returns a NaN and raises the "invalid" floating-point exception for x < -1.

     log1p(+infinity) returns +infinity.

VECTOR OPERATIONS
     If you need to apply the log() functions to SIMD vectors or arrays, using the following functions pro-
     vided by the Accelerate.framework may give significantly better performance:

     #include <Accelerate/Accelerate.h>

     vFloat vlogf(vFloat x);
     vFloat vlog1pf(vFloat x);
     vFloat vlog10f(vFloat x);
     void vvlogf(float *y, const float *x, const int *n);
     void vvlog(double *y, const double *x, const int *n);
     void vvlog1pf(float *y, const float *x, const int *n);
     void vvlog1p(double *y, const double *x, const int *n);
     void vvlog10f(float *y, const float *x, const int *n);
     void vvlog10(double *y, const double *x, const int *n);
     void vvlog2f(float *y, const float *x, const int *n);
     void vvlog2(double *y, const double *x, const int *n);

SEE ALSO
     exp(3), pow(3), math(3)

STANDARDS
     The log(), log2(), log10,() and log1p() functions conform to ISO/IEC 9899:2011.

4th Berkeley Distribution       August 16, 2012      4th Berkeley Distribution