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GITREPOSITORY-LAYOU(5)                           Git Manual                           GITREPOSITORY-LAYOU(5)



NAME
       gitrepository-layout - Git Repository Layout

SYNOPSIS
       $GIT_DIR/*

DESCRIPTION
       A Git repository comes in two different flavours:

       •   a .git directory at the root of the working tree;

       •   a <project>.git directory that is a bare repository (i.e. without its own working tree), that is
           typically used for exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching from it.

       Note: Also you can have a plain text file .git at the root of your working tree, containing gitdir:
       <path> to point at the real directory that has the repository. This mechanism is often used for a
       working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the containing superproject to git checkout a
       branch that does not have the submodule. The checkout has to remove the entire submodule working
       tree, without losing the submodule repository.

       These things may exist in a Git repository.

       objects
           Object store associated with this repository. Usually an object store is self sufficient (i.e.
           all the objects that are referred to by an object found in it are also found in it), but there
           are a few ways to violate it.

            1. You could have an incomplete but locally usable repository by creating a shallow clone. See
               git-clone(1).

            2. You could be using the objects/info/alternates or $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
               mechanisms to borrow objects from other object stores. A repository with this kind of
               incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for use with dumb transports but
               otherwise is OK as long as objects/info/alternates points at the object stores it borrows
               from.

       objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]
           A newly created object is stored in its own file. The objects are splayed over 256 subdirectories
           using the first two characters of the sha1 object name to keep the number of directory entries in
           objects itself to a manageable number. Objects found here are often called unpacked (or loose)
           objects.

       objects/pack
           Packs (files that store many object in compressed form, along with index files to allow them to
           be randomly accessed) are found in this directory.

       objects/info
           Additional information about the object store is recorded in this directory.

       objects/info/packs
           This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs are available in this object store.
           Whenever a pack is added or removed, git update-server-info should be run to keep this file
           up-to-date if the repository is published for dumb transports.  git repack does this by default.

       objects/info/alternates
           This file records paths to alternate object stores that this object store borrows objects from,
           one pathname per line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally, but the HTTP fetcher
           also tries to use it remotely; this will usually work if you have relative paths (relative to the
           object database, not to the repository!) in your alternates file, but it will not work if you use
           absolute paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL is the same. See also
           objects/info/http-alternates.

       objects/info/http-alternates
           This file records URLs to alternate object stores that this object store borrows objects from, to
           be used when the repository is fetched over HTTP.

       refs
           References are stored in subdirectories of this directory. The git prune command knows to
           preserve objects reachable from refs found in this directory and its subdirectories.

       refs/heads/name
           records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch name

       refs/tags/name
           records any object name (not necessarily a commit object, or a tag object that points at a commit
           object).

       refs/remotes/name
           records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied from a remote repository.

       refs/replace/<obj-sha1>
           records the SHA-1 of the object that replaces <obj-sha1>. This is similar to info/grafts and is
           internally used and maintained by git-replace(1). Such refs can be exchanged between repositories
           while grafts are not.

       packed-refs
           records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/, and friends record in a more efficient
           way. See git-pack-refs(1).

       HEAD
           A symref (see glossary) to the refs/heads/ namespace describing the currently active branch. It
           does not mean much if the repository is not associated with any working tree (i.e. a bare
           repository), but a valid Git repository must have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
           guess the designated "default" branch of the repository (usually master). It is legal if the
           named branch name does not (yet) exist. In some legacy setups, it is a symbolic link instead of a
           symref that points at the current branch.

           HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of being a symref to point at the
           current branch. Such a state is often called detached HEAD.  See git-checkout(1) for details.

       branches
           A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used to specify a URL to git fetch, git pull
           and git push. A file can be stored as branches/<name> and then name can be given to these
           commands in place of repository argument. See the REMOTES section in git-fetch(1) for details.
           This mechanism is legacy and not likely to be found in modern repositories.

       hooks
           Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git commands. A handful of sample hooks are
           installed when git init is run, but all of them are disabled by default. To enable, the .sample
           suffix has to be removed from the filename by renaming. Read githooks(5) for more details about
           each hook.

       index
           The current index file for the repository. It is usually not found in a bare repository.

       info
           Additional information about the repository is recorded in this directory.

       info/refs
           This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are available in this repository. If the
           repository is published for dumb transports, this file should be regenerated by git
           update-server-info every time a tag or branch is created or modified. This is normally done from
           the hooks/update hook, which is run by the git-receive-pack command when you git push into the
           repository.

       info/grafts
           This file records fake commit ancestry information, to pretend the set of parents a commit has is
           different from how the commit was actually created. One record per line describes a commit and
           its fake parents by listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated by a space and
           terminated by a newline.

       info/exclude
           This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the exclude pattern list.  .gitignore is the
           per-directory ignore file.  git status, git add, git rm and git clean look at it but the core Git
           commands do not look at it. See also: gitignore(5).

       info/sparse-checkout
           This file stores sparse checkout patterns. See also: git-read-tree(1).

       remotes
           Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use when interacting with remote repositories
           via git fetch, git pull and git push commands. See the REMOTES section in git-fetch(1) for
           details. This mechanism is legacy and not likely to be found in modern repositories.

       logs
           Records of changes made to refs are stored in this directory. See git-update-ref(1) for more
           information.

       logs/refs/heads/name
           Records all changes made to the branch tip named name.

       logs/refs/tags/name
           Records all changes made to the tag named name.

       shallow
           This is similar to info/grafts but is internally used and maintained by shallow clone mechanism.
           See --depth option to git-clone(1) and git-fetch(1).

SEE ALSO
       git-init(1), git-clone(1), git-fetch(1), git-pack-refs(1), git-gc(1), git-checkout(1),
       gitglossary(7), The Git User's Manual[1]

GIT
       Part of the git(1) suite.

NOTES
        1. The Git User's Manual
           git-htmldocs/user-manual.html



Git 1.8.3                                        05/24/2013                           GITREPOSITORY-LAYOU(5)