Страницы справочника OS X

Эта страница руководства является частью версии 5.0 Инструментов XCode

Читать страницы руководства

GITCREDENTIALS(7)                                Git Manual                                GITCREDENTIALS(7)



NAME
       gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git

SYNOPSIS
       git config credential.https://example.com.username myusername
       git config credential.helper "$helper $options"


DESCRIPTION
       Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform operations; for example, it may
       need to ask for a username and password in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual
       describes the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some features to avoid
       inputting these credentials repeatedly.

REQUESTING CREDENTIALS
       Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following strategies to ask the user for
       usernames and passwords:

        1. If the GIT_ASKPASS environment variable is set, the program specified by the variable is invoked.
           A suitable prompt is provided to the program on the command line, and the user's input is read
           from its standard output.

        2. Otherwise, if the core.askpass configuration variable is set, its value is used as above.

        3. Otherwise, if the SSH_ASKPASS environment variable is set, its value is used as above.

        4. Otherwise, the user is prompted on the terminal.

AVOIDING REPETITION
       It can be cumbersome to input the same credentials over and over. Git provides two methods to reduce
       this annoyance:

        1. Static configuration of usernames for a given authentication context.

        2. Credential helpers to cache or store passwords, or to interact with a system password wallet or
           keychain.

       The first is simple and appropriate if you do not have secure storage available for a password. It is
       generally configured by adding this to your config:

           [credential "https://example.com"]
                   username = me


       Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can request both
       usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure storage provided by the OS or other
       programs.

       To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently includes the following helpers:

       cache
           Cache credentials in memory for a short period of time. See git-credential-cache(1) for details.

       store
           Store credentials indefinitely on disk. See git-credential-store(1) for details.

       You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for credential-* in the output of git help
       -a, and consult the documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper, you can
       tell Git to use it by putting its name into the credential.helper variable.

        1. Find a helper.

               $ git help -a | grep credential-credential-foo credentialcredential-foo
               credential-foo


        2. Read its description.

               $ git help credential-foo


        3. Tell Git to use it.

               $ git config --global credential.helper foo


       If there are multiple instances of the credential.helper configuration variable, each helper will be
       tried in turn, and may provide a username, password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a
       username and a password, no more helpers will be tried.

CREDENTIAL CONTEXTS
       Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context is used to look up
       context-specific configuration, and is passed to any helpers, which may use it as an index into
       secure storage.

       For instance, imagine we are accessing https://example.com/foo.git. When Git looks into a config file
       to see if a section matches this context, it will consider the two a match if the context is a
       more-specific subset of the pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config
       file:

           [credential "https://example.com"]
                   username = foo


       then we will match: both protocols are the same, both hosts are the same, and the "pattern" URL does
       not care about the path component at all. However, this context would not match:

           [credential "https://kernel.org"]
                   username = foo


       because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match foo.example.com; Git compares hostnames exactly,
       without considering whether two hosts are part of the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for
       http://example.com would not match: Git compares the protocols exactly.

CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
       Options for a credential context can be configured either in credential.* (which applies to all
       credentials), or credential.<url>.*, where <url> matches the context as described above.

       The following options are available in either location:

       helper
           The name of an external credential helper, and any associated options. If the helper name is not
           an absolute path, then the string git credential- is prepended. The resulting string is executed
           by the shell (so, for example, setting this to foo --option=bar will execute git credential-foo
           --option=bar via the shell. See the manual of specific helpers for examples of their use.

       username
           A default username, if one is not provided in the URL.

       useHttpPath
           By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL to be worth matching via
           external helpers. This means that a credential stored for https://example.com/foo.git will also
           be used for https://example.com/bar.git. If you do want to distinguish these cases, set this
           option to true.

CUSTOM HELPERS
       You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in which you keep credentials. See
       the documentation for Git's credentials API[1] for details.

GIT
       Part of the git(1) suite

NOTES
        1. credentials API
           git-htmldocs/technical/api-credentials.html



Git 1.8.3                                        05/24/2013                                GITCREDENTIALS(7)