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AB(8)                                                ab                                                AB(8)



NAME
       ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool


SYNOPSIS
       ab [ -A auth-username:password ] [ -b windowsize ] [ -c concurrency ] [ -C cookie-name=value ] [ -d ]
       [ -e csv-file ] [ -f protocol ] [ -g gnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -H custom-header ] [ -i ] [ -k  ]  [  -n
       requests  ]  [  -p  POST-file  ] [ -P proxy-auth-username:password ] [ -q ] [ -r ] [ -s ] [ -S ] [ -t
       timelimit ] [ -T content-type ] [ -u PUT-file ] [ -v verbosity] [ -V ] [ -w ] [ -x <table>-attributes
       ]  [  -X  proxy[:port]  ]  [  -y  <tr>-attributes  ]  [  -z  <td>-attributes  ]  [  -Z  ciphersuite ]
       [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path



SUMMARY
       ab is a tool for benchmarking your Apache Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. It  is  designed
       to give you an impression of how your current Apache installation performs. This especially shows you
       how many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of serving.



OPTIONS
       -A auth-username:password
              Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and password are separated
              by  a  single  : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether
              the server needs it (i.e., has sent an 401 authentication needed).

       -b windowsize
              Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes.

       -c concurrency
              Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default is one request at a time.

       -C cookie-name=value
              Add a Cookie: line to the request. The argument is typically in the form of a name=value pair.
              This field is repeatable.

       -d     Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table". (legacy support).

       -e csv-file
              Write  a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each percentage (from 1% to 100%)
              the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve that percentage of the requests. This  is  usually
              more useful than the 'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.

       -f protocol
              Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, or ALL).

       -g gnuplot-file
              Write  all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate values) file. This file can
              easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot, IDL,  Mathematica,  Igor  or  even  Excel.  The
              labels are on the first line of the file.

       -h     Display usage information.

       -H custom-header
              Append  extra  headers to the request. The argument is typically in the form of a valid header
              line, containing a colon-separated field-value pair (i.e., "Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit").

       -i     Do HEAD requests instead of GET.

       -k     Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, i.e., perform multiple requests within  one  HTTP  session.
              Default is no KeepAlive.

       -n requests
              Number  of  requests to perform for the benchmarking session. The default is to just perform a
              single request which usually leads to non-representative benchmarking results.

       -p POST-file
              File containing data to POST. Remember to also set -T.

       -P proxy-auth-username:password
              Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The  username  and  password  are
              separated  by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of
              whether the proxy needs it (i.e., has sent an 407 proxy authentication needed).

       -q     When processing more than 150 requests, ab outputs a progress count on stderr every 10% or 100
              requests or so. The -q flag will suppress these messages.

       -r     Don't exit on socket receive errors.

       -s     When compiled in (ab -h will show you) use the SSL protected https rather than the http proto-col. protocol.
              col. This feature is experimental and very rudimentary. You probably do not want to use it.

       -S     Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nor display  the  warning/error  mes-sages messages
              sages when the average and median are more than one or two times the standard deviation apart.
              And default to the min/avg/max values. (legacy support).

       -t timelimit
              Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. This implies a -n 50000  internally.  Use
              this  to  benchmark  the  server  within a fixed total amount of time. Per default there is no
              timelimit.

       -T content-type
              Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg. application/x-www-form-urlencoded.  Default:
              text/plain.

       -u PUT-file
              File containing data to PUT. Remember to also set -T.

       -v verbosity
              Set  verbosity  level - 4 and above prints information on headers, 3 and above prints response
              codes (404, 200, etc.), 2 and above prints warnings and info.

       -V     Display version number and exit.

       -w     Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columns wide, with a white  background.

       -x <table>-attributes
              String to use as attributes for <table>. Attributes are inserted <table here >.

       -X proxy[:port]
              Use a proxy server for the requests.

       -y <tr>-attributes
              String to use as attributes for <tr>.

       -z <td>-attributes
              String to use as attributes for <td>.

       -Z ciphersuite
              Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers).


DESCRIPTION OF OUTPUT
       The following list describes the values returned by ab:



       Server Software
              The  value,  if any, returned in the server HTTP header of the first successful response. This
              includes all characters in the header from beginning to the point  a  character  with  decimal
              value of 32 (most notably: a space or CR/LF) is detected.

       Server Hostname
              The DNS or IP address given on the command line

       Server Port
              The port to which ab is connecting. If no port is given on the command line, this will default
              to 80 for http and 443 for https.

       SSL/TLS Protocol
              The protocol parameters negotiated between the client and server. This will only be printed if
              SSL is used.

       Document Path
              The request URI parsed from the command line string.

       Document Length
              This  is  size  in  bytes  of the first succesfully returning document. If the document length
              changes during testing, the response is considered an error.

       Concurrency Level
              The number of concurrent clients used during the test

       Time taken for tests
              This is the time taken from the moment the first socket connection is created  to  the  moment
              the last response is recieved

       Complete requests
              The number of successful responses recieved

       Failed requests
              The  number  of  requests  that were considered a failure. If the number is greater than zero,
              another line will be printed showing the numer of requests  that  failed  due  to  connecting,
              reading, incorrect content length, or exceptions.

       Write errors
              The number of errors that failed during write (broken pipe).

       Non-2xx responses
              The  number  of  responses that were not in the 200 series of response codes. If all responses
              were 200, this field is not printed.

       Keep-Alive requests
              The number of connections that resulted in Keep-Alive requests

       Total body sent
              If configured to send data as part of the test, this is the total number of bytes sent  during
              the tests. This field is omitted if the test did not include a body to send.

       Total transferred
              The  total  number of bytes received from the server. This number is essentially the number of
              bytes sent over the wire.

       HTML transferred
              The total number of document bytes received  from  the  server.  This  number  excludes  bytes
              received in HTTP headers

       Requests per second
              This  is the number of requests per second. This value is the result of dividing the number of
              requests by the total time taken

       Time per request
              The average time spent per request. The first value is calculated with the formula concurrency
              *  timetaken  *  1000 / done while the second value is calculated with the formula timetaken *
              1000 / done

       Transfer rate
              The rate of transfer as calculated by the formula totalread / 1024 / timetaken


BUGS
       There are various statically declared buffers of fixed length. Combined with the lazy parsing of  the
       command  line  arguments,  the response headers from the server and other external inputs, this might
       bite you.


       It does not implement HTTP/1.x fully; only accepts some 'expected' forms  of  responses.  The  rather
       heavy use of strstr(3) shows up top in profile, which might indicate a performance problem; i.e., you
       would measure the ab performance rather than the server's.




Apache HTTP Server                               2012-04-09                                            AB(8)