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PWD_MKDB(8)               BSD System Manager's Manual              PWD_MKDB(8)

NAME
     pwd_mkdb -- generate the password databases

SYNOPSIS
     pwd_mkdb [-c] [-p | -s] [-d directory] [-u username] file

DESCRIPTION
     pwd_mkdb creates db(3) style secure and insecure databases for the specified file.  These databases are
     then installed into /etc/spwd.db and /etc/pwd.db, respectively.  The file is installed into
     /etc/master.passwd.  The file must be in the correct format (see passwd(5)).  It is important to note
     that the format used in this system is different from the historic Version 7 style format.

     The options are as follows:

     -c      Check if the password file is in the correct format.  Do not change, add, or remove any files.

     -d directory
             Operate in a base directory other than the default of /etc.  All absolute paths (including
             file) will be made relative to directory.  Any directories specified as a part of file will be
             stripped off.  This option is used to create password databases in directories other than etc;
             for instance in a chroot(8) jail.

     -p      Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into /etc/passwd.

     -s      Only update the secure version of the database.  This is most commonly used in conjunction with
             the -u flag during a password change.  Because the insecure database doesn't contain the pass-word password
             word there is no reason to update it if the only change is in the password field.  Cannot be
             used in conjunction with the -p flag.

     -u username
             Only update the record for the specified user.  Utilities that operate on a single user can use
             this option to avoid the overhead of rebuilding the entire database.  This option must never be
             used if the line number of the user's record in /etc/master.passwd has changed.

     file    The absolute path to a file in master.passwd format, as described in passwd(5).

     The two databases differ in that the secure version contains the user's encrypted password and the
     insecure version has an asterisk (`*').

     The databases are used by the C library password routines (see getpwent(3)).

     pwd_mkdb exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.

FILES
     /etc/master.passwd  current password file
     /etc/passwd         a Version 7 format password file
     /etc/pwd.db         insecure password database file
     /etc/pwd.db.tmp     temporary file
     /etc/spwd.db        secure password database file
     /etc/spwd.db.tmp    temporary file

SEE ALSO
     chpass(1), passwd(1), db(3), getpwent(3), passwd(5), vipw(8)

STANDARDS
     Previous versions of the system had a program similar to pwd_mkdb, mkpasswd, which built dbm(3) style
     databases for the password file but depended on the calling programs to install them.  The program was
     renamed in order that previous users of the program not be surprised by the changes in functionality.

BUGS
     Because of the necessity for atomic update of the password files, pwd_mkdb uses rename(2) to install
     them.  This, however, requires that the file specified on the command line live on the same file system
     as the /etc directory.

     There are the obvious races with multiple people running pwd_mkdb on different password files at the
     same time.  The front-ends to pwd_mkdb, chpass(1), passwd(1), and vipw(8) handle the locking necessary
     to avoid this problem.

BSD                              June 6, 1993                              BSD