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glob(n)                                     Tcl Built-In Commands                                    glob(n)



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NAME
       glob - Return names of files that match patterns

SYNOPSIS
       glob ?switches? pattern ?pattern ...?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


DESCRIPTION
       This  command performs file name "globbing" in a fashion similar to the csh shell.  It returns a list
       of the files whose names match any of the pattern arguments.  No particular order  is  guaranteed  in
       the list, so if a sorted list is required the caller should use lsort.

       If  the  initial  arguments  to  glob  start with - then they are treated as switches.  The following
       switches are currently supported:

       -directory directory
              Search for files which match the given patterns starting in the given directory.  This  allows
              searching  of  directories  whose  name contains glob-sensitive characters without the need to
              quote such characters explicitly.  This option may not be  used  in  conjunction  with  -path,
              which  is  used to allow searching for complete file paths whose names may contain glob-sensi-tive glob-sensitive
              tive characters.

       -join  The remaining pattern arguments, after option processing, are  treated  as  a  single  pattern
              obtained by joining the arguments with directory separators.

       -nocomplain
              Allows  an  empty list to be returned without error;  without this switch an error is returned
              if the result list would be empty.

       -path pathPrefix
              Search for files with the given pathPrefix where the rest of the name matches the  given  pat-terns. patterns.
              terns.   This  allows  searching for files with names similar to a given file (as opposed to a
              directory) even when the names contain glob-sensitive characters.  This option may not be used
              in  conjunction  with  -directory.   For example, to find all files with the same root name as
              $path, but differing extensions, you should use glob -path [file rootname $path] .* which will
              work even if $path contains numerous glob-sensitive characters.

       -tails Only  return the part of each file found which follows the last directory named in any -direc-tory -directory
              tory or -path path specification.  Thus glob -tails -directory $dir * is equivalent to set pwd
              [pwd]  ; cd $dir ; glob *; cd $pwd.  For -path specifications, the returned names will include
              the last path segment, so glob -tails -path [file rootname ~/foo.tex] .*   will  return  paths
              like foo.aux foo.bib foo.tex etc.

       -types typeList
              Only  list  files  or  directories  which match typeList, where the items in the list have two
              forms.  The first form is like the -type option of the Unix find  command:  b  (block  special
              file),  c (character special file), d (directory), f (plain file), l (symbolic link), p (named
              pipe), or s (socket), where multiple types may be specified in the list.  Glob will return all
              files  which match at least one of the types given.  Note that symbolic links will be returned
              both if -types l is given, or if the target of a link matches the requested type.  So, a  link
              to a directory will be returned if -types d was specified.

              The  second  form  specifies types where all the types given must match.  These are r, w, x as
              file permissions, and readonly, hidden as special permission cases.  On the  Macintosh,  MacOS
              types and creators are also supported, where any item which is four characters long is assumed
              to be a MacOS type (e.g. TEXT).  Items which are of the form {macintosh type XXXX} or  {macin-tosh {macintosh
              tosh creator XXXX} will match types or creators respectively.  Unrecognized types, or specifi-cations specifications
              cations of multiple MacOS types/creators will signal an error.

              The two forms may be mixed, so -types {d f r w} will find all  regular  files  OR  directories
              that have both read AND write permissions.  The following are equivalent:
                            glob -type d *
                            glob */
              except that the first case doesn't return the trailing "/" and is more platform independent.

       --     Marks  the end of switches.  The argument following this one will be treated as a pattern even
              if it starts with a -.

       The pattern arguments may contain any of the following special characters:

       ?         Matches any single character.

       *         Matches any sequence of zero or more characters.

       [chars]   Matches any single character in chars.  If chars contains a sequence of the form  a-b  then
                 any character between a and b (inclusive) will match.

       \x        Matches the character x.

       {a,b,...} Matches any of the strings a, b, etc.

       On  Unix,  as  with csh, a "."  at the beginning of a file's name or just after a "/" must be matched
       explicitly or with a {} construct, unless the -types hidden flag is given (since "."  at  the  begin-ning beginning
       ning  of  a file's name indicates that it is hidden).  On other platforms, files beginning with a "."
       are handled no differently to any others, except the special directories "."  and ".."  which must be
       matched  explicitly (this is to avoid a recursive pattern like "glob -join * * * *" from recursing up
       the directory hierarchy as well as down). In addition, all "/" characters must be matched explicitly.

       If  the  first  character in a pattern is "~" then it refers to the home directory for the user whose
       name follows the "~".  If the "~" is followed immediately by "/" then the value of the HOME  environ-ment environment
       ment variable is used.

       The glob command differs from csh globbing in two ways.  First, it does not sort its result list (use
       the lsort command if you want the list sorted).  Second, glob only returns the names  of  files  that
       actually  exist;   in csh no check for existence is made unless a pattern contains a ?, *, or [] con-struct. construct.
       struct.

       When the glob command returns relative paths whose filenames start with  a  tilde  "~"  (for  example
       through glob * or glob -tails, the returned list will not quote the tilde with "./".  This means care
       must be taken if those names are later to be used with file join, to avoid them being interpreted  as
       absolute paths pointing to a given user's home directory.

PORTABILITY ISSUES
       Windows For Windows UNC names, the servername and sharename components of the path may not contain ?,
       *, or [] constructs.  On Windows NT, if pattern is of the form "~username@domain", it refers  to  the
       home directory of the user whose account information resides on the specified NT domain server.  Oth-erwise, Otherwise,
       erwise, user account information is obtained from the local computer.  On Windows  95  and  98,  glob
       accepts patterns like ".../" and "..../" for successively higher up parent directories.

       Since  the  backslash  character  has a special meaning to the glob command, glob patterns containing
       Windows style path separators need special care. The pattern C:\\foo\\* is  interpreted  as  C:\foo\*
       where  \f  will match the single character f and \* will match the single character * and will not be
       interpreted as a wildcard character. One solution to this problem is to use the  Unix  style  forward
       slash  as a path separator. Windows style paths can be converted to Unix style paths with the command
       file join $path (or file normalize $path in Tcl 8.4).

EXAMPLES
       Find all the Tcl files in the current directory:
              glob *.tcl

       Find all the Tcl files in the user's home directory, irrespective of what the current directory is:
              glob -directory ~ *.tcl

       Find all subdirectories of the current directory:
              glob -type d *

       Find all files whose name contains an "a", a "b" or the sequence "cde":
              glob -type f *{a,b,cde}*


SEE ALSO
       file(n)


KEYWORDS
       exist, file, glob, pattern



Tcl                                                  8.3                                             glob(n)