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pt::pe::op(n) Parser Tools pt::pe::op(n)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NAME
pt::pe::op - Parsing Expression Utilities
SYNOPSIS
package require Tcl 8.5
package require pt::pe::op ?1?
package require pt::pe ?1?
package require struct::set
::pt::pe::op drop dropset pe
::pt::pe::op rename nt ntnew pe
::pt::pe::op called pe
::pt::pe::op flatten pe
::pt::pe::op fusechars pe
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
Are you lost ? Do you have trouble understanding this document ? In that case please read the over-view overview
view provided by the Introduction to Parser Tools. This document is the entrypoint to the whole sys-tem system
tem the current package is a part of.
This package provides additional commands to work with the serializations of parsing expressions as
managed by the PEG and related packages, and specified in section PE serialization format.
This is an internal package, for use by the higher level packages handling PEGs, their conversion
into and out of various other formats, or other uses.
API
::pt::pe::op drop dropset pe
This command removes all occurences of any of the nonterminals symbols in the set dropset from
the parsing expression pe, and simplifies it. This may result in the expression becoming
"epsilon", i.e. matching nothing.
::pt::pe::op rename nt ntnew pe
This command renames all occurences of the nonterminal nt in the parsing expression pe into
ntnew.
::pt::pe::op called pe
This command extracts the set of all nonterminal symbols used, i.e. 'called', in the parsing
expression pe.
::pt::pe::op flatten pe
This command transforms the parsing expression by eliminating sequences nested in sequences,
and choices in choices, lifting the children of the nested expression into the parent. It fur-ther further
ther eliminates all sequences and choices with only one child, as these are redundant.
The resulting parsing expression is returned as the result of the command.
::pt::pe::op fusechars pe
This command transforms the parsing expression by fusing adjacent terminals in sequences and
adjacent terminals and ranges in choices, it (re)constructs highlevel strings and character
classes.
The resulting pseudo-parsing expression is returned as the result of the command and may con-tain contain
tain the pseudo-operators str for character sequences, aka strings, and cl for character
choices, aka character classes.
The result is called a pseudo-parsing expression because it is not a true parsing expression
anymore, and will fail a check with ::pt::peg verify if the new pseudo-operators are present
in the result, but is otherwise of sound structure for a parsing expression. Notably, the
commands ::pt::peg bottomup and ::pt::peg topdown will process them without trouble.
PE SERIALIZATION FORMAT
Here we specify the format used by the Parser Tools to serialize Parsing Expressions as immutable
values for transport, comparison, etc.
We distinguish between regular and canonical serializations. While a parsing expression may have
more than one regular serialization only exactly one of them will be canonical.
Regular serialization
Atomic Parsing Expressions
[1] The string epsilon is an atomic parsing expression. It matches the empty string.
[2] The string dot is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any character.
[3] The string alnum is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode alpha-bet alphabet
bet or digit character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin
command string is.
[4] The string alpha is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode alpha-bet alphabet
bet character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin command
string is.
[5] The string ascii is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode charac-ter character
ter below U0080. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin com-mand command
mand string is.
[6] The string control is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode con-trol control
trol character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin command
string is.
[7] The string digit is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode digit
character. Note that this includes characters outside of the [0..9] range. This
is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin command string is.
[8] The string graph is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode print-ing printing
ing character, except for space. This is a custom extension of PEs based on
Tcl's builtin command string is.
[9] The string lower is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode lower-case lowercase
case alphabet character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's
builtin command string is.
[10] The string print is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode print-ing printing
ing character, including space. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's
builtin command string is.
[11] The string punct is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode punctu-ation punctuation
ation character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin com-mand command
mand string is.
[12] The string space is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode space
character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin command
string is.
[13] The string upper is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode upper-case uppercase
case alphabet character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's
builtin command string is.
[14] The string wordchar is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any Unicode word
character. This is any alphanumeric character (see alnum), and any connector
punctuation characters (e.g. underscore). This is a custom extension of PEs
based on Tcl's builtin command string is.
[15] The string xdigit is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any hexadecimal
digit character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin com-mand command
mand string is.
[16] The string ddigit is an atomic parsing expression. It matches any decimal digit
character. This is a custom extension of PEs based on Tcl's builtin command reg-exp. regexp.
exp.
[17] The expression [list t x] is an atomic parsing expression. It matches the termi-nal terminal
nal string x.
[18] The expression [list n A] is an atomic parsing expression. It matches the non-terminal nonterminal
terminal A.
Combined Parsing Expressions
[1] For parsing expressions e1, e2, ... the result of [list / e1 e2 ... ] is a pars-ing parsing
ing expression as well. This is the ordered choice, aka prioritized choice.
[2] For parsing expressions e1, e2, ... the result of [list x e1 e2 ... ] is a pars-ing parsing
ing expression as well. This is the sequence.
[3] For a parsing expression e the result of [list * e] is a parsing expression as
well. This is the kleene closure, describing zero or more repetitions.
[4] For a parsing expression e the result of [list + e] is a parsing expression as
well. This is the positive kleene closure, describing one or more repetitions.
[5] For a parsing expression e the result of [list & e] is a parsing expression as
well. This is the and lookahead predicate.
[6] For a parsing expression e the result of [list ! e] is a parsing expression as
well. This is the not lookahead predicate.
[7] For a parsing expression e the result of [list ? e] is a parsing expression as
well. This is the optional input.
Canonical serialization
The canonical serialization of a parsing expression has the format as specified in the previ-ous previous
ous item, and then additionally satisfies the constraints below, which make it unique among
all the possible serializations of this parsing expression.
[1] The string representation of the value is the canonical representation of a pure Tcl
list. I.e. it does not contain superfluous whitespace.
[2] Terminals are not encoded as ranges (where start and end of the range are identical).
EXAMPLE
Assuming the parsing expression shown on the right-hand side of the rule
Expression <- '(' Expression ')'
/ Factor (MulOp Factor)*
then its canonical serialization (except for whitespace) is
{/ {x {t (} {n Expression} {t )}} {x {n Factor} {* {x {n MulOp} {n Factor}}}}}
BUGS, IDEAS, FEEDBACK
This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain bugs and other problems.
Please report such in the category pt of the Tcllib SF Trackers [http://source -
forge.net/tracker/? group_id=12883]. Please also report any ideas for enhancements you may have for
either package and/or documentation.
KEYWORDS
EBNF, LL(k), PEG, TDPL, context-free languages, expression, grammar, matching, parser, parsing
expression, parsing expression grammar, push down automaton, recursive descent, state, top-down pars-ing parsing
ing languages, transducer
CATEGORY
Parsing and Grammars
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2009 Andreas Kupries <andreas_kupries@users.sourceforge.net>
pt 1 pt::pe::op(n)
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