std::optional<T>::emplace

#include <iostream>
#include <optional>

struct A
{
    std::string s;

    A(std::string str) : s(std::move(str)), id{n++} { note("+ constructed"); }
    ~A() { note("~ destructed"); }
    A(const A& o) : s(o.s), id{n++} { note("+ copy constructed"); }
    A(A&& o) : s(std::move(o.s)), id{n++} { note("+ move constructed"); }

    A& operator=(const A& other)
    {
        s = other.s;
        note("= copy assigned");
        return *this;
    }

    A& operator=(A&& other)
    {
        s = std::move(other.s);
        note("= move assigned");
        return *this;
    }

    inline static int n{};
    int id{};
    void note(auto s) { std::cout << "  " << s << " #" << id << '\n'; }
};

int main()
{
    std::optional<A> opt;

    std::cout << "Assign:\n";
    opt = A("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit nec.");

    std::cout << "Emplace:\n";
    // As opt contains a value it will also destroy that value
    opt.emplace("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur efficitur.");

    std::cout << "End example\n";
}

Вывод:

Assign:
  + constructed #0
  + move constructed #1
  ~ destructed #0
Emplace:
  ~ destructed #1
  + constructed #2
End example
  ~ destructed #2