CharacterData: свойство previousElementSibling

<div id="div-01">Here is div-01</div>
TEXT
<div id="div-02">Here is div-02</div>
SOME TEXT
<div id="div-03">Here is div-03</div>
<pre>Result</pre>

// Initially set node to the Text node with `SOME TEXT`
let node = document.getElementById("div-02").nextSibling;

let result = "Previous element siblings of SOME TEXT:\n";

while (node) {
  result += `${node.nodeName}\n`;
  node = node.previousElementSibling;
}

document.querySelector("pre").textContent = result;