спецификации, руководства, описания, API

jar-The Java Archive Tool

Combines multiple files into a single JAR archive file.

SYNOPSIS


jar [ options ] [manifest] destination input-file [input-files]

DESCRIPTION

The jar tool is a java application that combines multiple files into a single JAR archive file. jar is a general-purpose archiving and compression tool, based on ZIP and the ZLIB compression format. However, jar was designed mainly to facilitate the packaging of java applets or applications into a single archive. When the components of an applet or application (.class files, images and sounds) are combined into a single archive, they may be downloaded by a java agent (like a browser) in a single HTTP transaction, rather than requiring a new connection for each piece. This dramatically improves download times. jar also compresses files and so further improves download time. In addition, it allows individual entries in a file to be signed by the applet author so that their origin can be authenticated. The syntax for the jar tool is almost identical to the syntax for the tar command. A jar archive can be use as a class path entry, whether it is compressed or not.
The 3 types of input files for the jar tool are

manifest file (optional)
destination jar file
files to be archived

Typical usage is
	% jar cf myjarfile *.class 
In this example, all the class files in the current directory are placed into the file named "myjarfile". A manifest file is automatically generated by the jar tool and is always the first entry in the jar file. By default, it is named META-INF/MANIFEST.MF. The manifest file is the place where any meta-information about the archive is stored. Refer to the manifest specification for details about how meta-information is stored in the manifest file.
If you have a pre-existing manifest file that you want the jar tool to use for the new jar archive, you can specify it using the -m option:
	% jar cmf myManifestFile myJarFile *.class
Note that when you specify "cfm" instead of "cmf" (i.e., you invert the order of the "m" and "f" options), you need to specify the name of the jar archive first, followed by the name of the manifest file:
	% jar cfm myJarFile myManifestFile *.class
The manifest uses RFC822 ascii format, so it is easy to view and process the manifest-file contents.
Examples of using the Jar tool to operate on Jar files and Jar file manifests are provided below and in the Jar trail of the Java Tutorial.

OPTIONS

You can use an argument beginning with the character '@' to specify a file containing additional arguments, one argument per line. These arguments are inserted into the command line at the position of the '@<filename>' argument.
c
Creates a new or empty archive on the standard output.

t
Lists the table of contents from standard output.

x file
Extracts all files, or just the named files, from standard input. If file is omitted, then all files are extracted; otherwise, only the specified file or files are extracted.

f
The second argument specifies a jar file to process. In the case of creation, this refers to the name of the jar file to be created (instead of on stdout). For table or xtract, the second argument identifies the jar file to be listed or extracted.

v
Generates verbose output on stderr.

m
Includes manifest information from specified pre-existing manifest file. Example use:
jar cmf myManifestFile myJarFile *.class
You can add special-purpose name-value attribute headers to the manifest file that aren't contained in the default manifest. Examples of such headers would be those for vendor information, version information, package sealing, and headers to make JAR-bundled applications executable. See the JAR Files trail in the Java Tutorial and the JRE Notes for Developers web page for examples of using the m option.
0
Store only, without using ZIP compression.

M
Do not create a manifest file for the entries.

u
Update an existing JAR file by adding files or changing the manifest. For example,
jar uf foo.jar foo.class
would add the file foo.class to the existing JAR file foo.jar, and
jar umf manifest foo.jar
would update foo.jar's manifest with the information in manifest.
-C
Temporaily changes directories during execution of jar command while processing the next argument. For example,
jar uf foo.jar -C classes bar.class
would change to the classes directory and add the bar.class from that directory to foo.jar. The following command,
jar uf foo.jar -C classes . -C bin xyz.class
would change to the classes directory and add to foo.jar all f iles within the classes directory, but not the classes directory itself, and then change to the bin directory and add xyz.class to foo.jar.

If any of "files" is a directory, then that directory is processed recursively.

EXAMPLES

To add all the files in a particular directory to an archive:

C:\WWWROOT\JAVA> ls
12/09/96  12:20a        <DIR>          .    
12/09/96  12:17a        <DIR>          ..  
12/09/96  12:18a                 1,010 0.au
12/09/96  12:18a                   946 1.au
12/09/96  12:18a                 1,039 2.au
12/09/96  12:18a                   993 3.au
12/09/96  12:18a                 1,006 4.au
12/09/96  12:18a                 1,016 5.au
12/09/96  12:18a                 1,048 6.au
12/09/96  12:18a                   980 7.au
12/09/96  12:18a                 1,064 8.au
12/09/96  12:18a                   989 9.au  
12/09/96  12:19a                48,072 spacemusic.au
12/09/96  12:19a                   527 at_work.gif
12/09/96  12:19a                12,818 monkey.jpg
12/09/96  12:19a                16,242 Animator.class
12/09/96  12:20a                 3,368 Wave.class
              17 File(s)         91,118 bytes
                            414,983,168 bytes free

C:\WWWROOT\JAVA> jar cvf bundle.jar *
adding: 0.au
adding: 1.au
adding: 2.au
adding: 3.au
adding: 4.au
adding: 5.au
adding: 6.au
adding: 7.au
adding: 8.au
adding: 9.au
adding: Animator.class
adding: Wave.class
adding: at_work.gif
adding: monkey.jpg
adding: spacemusic.au
C:\WWWROOT\JAVA>

If you already have subdirectories for images, audio files and classes in your html directory, you might jar up each directory into a single jar file:

C:\WWWROOT\JAVA> DIR
12/09/96  12:11a        <DIR>          .
12/09/96  12:17a        <DIR>          ..
12/03/96  06:54p        <DIR>          audio
12/06/96  02:02p        <DIR>          images
12/09/96  12:10a        <DIR>          classes
               6 File(s)        207,360 bytes
                            414,983,168 bytes free

C:\WWWROOT\JAVA> jar cvf bundle.jar audio classes images
adding: audio/1.au
adding: audio/2.au
adding: audio/3.au
adding: audio/spacemusic.au
adding: classes/Animator.class
adding: classes/Wave.class
adding: images/monkey.jpg
adding: images/at_work.gif
C:\WWWROOT\JAVA\Animator> dir
12/09/96  12:11a        <DIR>          .
12/09/96  12:17a        <DIR>          ..
12/09/96  12:11a               207,360 bundle.tar
12/03/96  06:54p        <DIR>          audio
12/06/96  02:02p        <DIR>          images
12/09/96  12:10a        <DIR>          classes
               6 File(s)        207,360 bytes
                            414,983,168 bytes free

C:\WWWROOT\JAVA\Animator>

You can then see the entry names in the jarfile using the jar tool and the "t" option:

C:\WWWROOT\JAVA\Animator> jar tf bundle.jar
META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
audio/1.au
audio/2.au
audio/3.au
audio/spacemusic.au
classes/Animator.class
classes/Wave.class
images/monkey.jpg
images/at_work.gif
C:\WWWROOT\JAVA\Animator>

Enumerating verbosely (with the "v" option) will tell you more information about the files in the archive, such as their size and last modified date:

C:\WWWROOT\JAVA\Animator> jar tvf bundle.jar
   145 Thu Aug 01 22:27:00 PDT 1996 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
   946 Thu Aug 01 22:24:22 PDT 1996 audio/1.au
  1039 Thu Aug 01 22:24:22 PDT 1996 audio/2.au
   993 Thu Aug 01 22:24:22 PDT 1996 audio/3.au
 48072 Thu Aug 01 22:24:23 PDT 1996 audio/spacemusic.au
 16711 Thu Aug 01 22:25:50 PDT 1996 classes/Animator.class
  3368 Thu Aug 01 22:26:02 PDT 1996 classes/Wave.class
 12809 Thu Aug 01 22:24:48 PDT 1996 images/monkey.jpg
   527 Thu Aug 01 22:25:20 PDT 1996 images/at_work.gif
C:\WWWROOT\JAVA\Animator>

jar-The Java Archive Tool

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

EXAMPLES

SEE ALSO