compact1, compact2, compact3

java.util.concurrent

Class ThreadLocalRandom

java.lang.Object

java.util.Random

java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom

All Implemented Interfaces:

Serializable

public class ThreadLocalRandom
extends Random

A random number generator isolated to the current thread. Like the global Random generator used by the Math class, a ThreadLocalRandom is initialized with an internally generated seed that may not otherwise be modified. When applicable, use of ThreadLocalRandom rather than shared Random objects in concurrent programs will typically encounter much less overhead and contention. Use of ThreadLocalRandom is particularly appropriate when multiple tasks (for example, each a ForkJoinTask) use random numbers in parallel in thread pools.

Usages of this class should typically be of the form: ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextX(...) (where X is Int, Long, etc). When all usages are of this form, it is never possible to accidently share a ThreadLocalRandom across multiple threads.

This class also provides additional commonly used bounded random generation methods.

Since:

1.7

See Also:

Serialized Form

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
static ThreadLocalRandom	current() Returns the current thread's ThreadLocalRandom.
DoubleStream	doubles() Returns a stream of pseudorandom, uniformly distributed double values between 0.0 and 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence.
DoubleStream	gaussians() Returns a stream of pseudorandom, Gaussian ("normally") distributed double values with mean 0.0 and standard deviation 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence.
IntStream	ints() Returns a stream of pseudorandom, uniformly distributed integer values from this random number generator's sequence.
LongStream	longs() Returns a stream of pseudorandom, uniformly distributed long values from this random number generator's sequence.
protected int	next(int bits) Generates the next pseudorandom number.
double	nextDouble(double n) Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed double value between 0 (inclusive) and the specified value (exclusive).
double	nextDouble(double least, double bound) Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
double	nextGaussian() Returns the next pseudorandom, Gaussian ("normally") distributed double value with mean 0.0 and standard deviation 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence.
int	nextInt(int least, int bound) Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
long	nextLong(long n) Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between 0 (inclusive) and the specified value (exclusive).
long	nextLong(long least, long bound) Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).
void	setSeed(long seed) Throws UnsupportedOperationException.

Methods inherited from class java.util.Random

nextBoolean, nextBytes, nextDouble, nextFloat, nextInt, nextInt, nextLong

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Method Detail

current

public static ThreadLocalRandom current()

Returns the current thread's ThreadLocalRandom.

Returns:

the current thread's ThreadLocalRandom

setSeed

public void setSeed(long seed)

Throws UnsupportedOperationException. Setting seeds in this generator is not supported.

Overrides:

setSeed in class Random

Parameters:

seed - the initial seed

Throws:

UnsupportedOperationException - always

next

protected int next(int bits)

Description copied from class: Random

Generates the next pseudorandom number. Subclasses should override this, as this is used by all other methods.

The general contract of next is that it returns an int value and if the argument bits is between 1 and 32 (inclusive), then that many low-order bits of the returned value will be (approximately) independently chosen bit values, each of which is (approximately) equally likely to be 0 or 1. The method next is implemented by class Random by atomically updating the seed to

 (seed * 0x5DEECE66DL + 0xBL) & ((1L << 48) - 1)

and returning

 (int)(seed >>> (48 - bits)).

This is a linear congruential pseudorandom number generator, as defined by D. H. Lehmer and described by Donald E. Knuth in The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3: Seminumerical Algorithms, section 3.2.1.

Overrides:

next in class Random

Parameters:

bits - random bits

Returns:

the next pseudorandom value from this random number generator's sequence

nextInt

public int nextInt(int least,
                   int bound)

Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Parameters:

least - the least value returned

bound - the upper bound (exclusive)

Returns:

the next value

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if least greater than or equal to bound

nextLong

public long nextLong(long n)

Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between 0 (inclusive) and the specified value (exclusive).

Parameters:

n - the bound on the random number to be returned. Must be positive.

Returns:

the next value

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if n is not positive

ints

public IntStream ints()

Description copied from class: Random

Returns a stream of pseudorandom, uniformly distributed integer values from this random number generator's sequence. Values are obtained as needed by calling Random.nextInt().

Overrides:

ints in class Random

Returns:

an infinite stream of integer values

longs

public LongStream longs()

Description copied from class: Random

Returns a stream of pseudorandom, uniformly distributed long values from this random number generator's sequence. Values are obtained as needed by calling Random.nextLong().

Overrides:

longs in class Random

Returns:

an infinite stream of long values

doubles

public DoubleStream doubles()

Description copied from class: Random

Returns a stream of pseudorandom, uniformly distributed double values between 0.0 and 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence. Values are obtained as needed by calling Random.nextDouble().

Overrides:

doubles in class Random

Returns:

an infinite stream of double values

gaussians

public DoubleStream gaussians()

Description copied from class: Random

Returns a stream of pseudorandom, Gaussian ("normally") distributed double values with mean 0.0 and standard deviation 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence. Values are obtained as needed by calling Random.nextGaussian().

Overrides:

gaussians in class Random

Returns:

an infinite stream of double values

nextLong

public long nextLong(long least,
                     long bound)

Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Parameters:

least - the least value returned

bound - the upper bound (exclusive)

Returns:

the next value

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if least greater than or equal to bound

nextDouble

public double nextDouble(double n)

Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed double value between 0 (inclusive) and the specified value (exclusive).

Parameters:

n - the bound on the random number to be returned. Must be positive.

Returns:

the next value

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if n is not positive

nextDouble

public double nextDouble(double least,
                         double bound)

Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed value between the given least value (inclusive) and bound (exclusive).

Parameters:

least - the least value returned

bound - the upper bound (exclusive)

Returns:

the next value

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if least greater than or equal to bound

nextGaussian

public double nextGaussian()

Description copied from class: Random

Returns the next pseudorandom, Gaussian ("normally") distributed double value with mean 0.0 and standard deviation 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence.

The general contract of nextGaussian is that one double value, chosen from (approximately) the usual normal distribution with mean 0.0 and standard deviation 1.0, is pseudorandomly generated and returned.

The method nextGaussian is implemented by class Random as if by a threadsafe version of the following:

 
 private double nextNextGaussian;
 private boolean haveNextNextGaussian = false;

 public double nextGaussian() {
   if (haveNextNextGaussian) {
     haveNextNextGaussian = false;
     return nextNextGaussian;
   } else {
     double v1, v2, s;
     do {
       v1 = 2 * nextDouble() - 1;   // between -1.0 and 1.0
       v2 = 2 * nextDouble() - 1;   // between -1.0 and 1.0
       s = v1 * v1 + v2 * v2;
     } while (s >= 1 || s == 0);
     double multiplier = StrictMath.sqrt(-2 * StrictMath.log(s)/s);
     nextNextGaussian = v2 * multiplier;
     haveNextNextGaussian = true;
     return v1 * multiplier;
   }
 }

This uses the polar method of G. E. P. Box, M. E. Muller, and G. Marsaglia, as described by Donald E. Knuth in The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3: Seminumerical Algorithms, section 3.4.1, subsection C, algorithm P. Note that it generates two independent values at the cost of only one call to StrictMath.log and one call to StrictMath.sqrt.

Overrides:

nextGaussian in class Random

Returns:

the next pseudorandom, Gaussian ("normally") distributed double value with mean 0.0 and standard deviation 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence