Страницы справочника OS X

Эта страница руководства для  версии 10.9 Mac OS X

Читать страницы руководства

darwinup(1)               BSD General Commands Manual              darwinup(1)

NAME
     darwinup -- Install, uninstall, and manage roots

SYNOPSIS
     darwinup [-dfnv] [-p path] subcommand [arguments ...]

DESCRIPTION
     darwinup allows you to manage roots, or archives, of files that replace parts of your system. This is
     useful for installing a new version of a library or tool on your system while allowing you to uninstall
     the files and revert back to the originals safely and easily.

OPTIONS
     -d       Do not run helpful automation. See HELPFUL AUTOMATION below.

     -f       Force. Some operations will fail gracefully due to potentially unsafe situations, such as a
              root that installs a file where a directory is.  In order to have darwinup continue through
              such a situation, you can pass the -f option.

     -n       Dry run. Darwinup will go through an operation, including analyzing the root(s) and printing
              the state/change symbol, but no files will be modified on your system and no records will be
              added to the depot.  This option implies -d.

     -p [path]
              Prefix path. Normally, darwinup will operate on the boot partition. You can use the -p option
              to have darwinup work on another partition. You can provide any arbitrary path, it does not
              need to be a mount point.

     -r       Restart. Gracefully restart after all operations are complete by telling Finder to restart.

     -v       Verbose. This option causes darwinup to print extra information. You can pass 2 or 3 v's for
              even more information, but that is usually only needed for development and debugging of dar-winup darwinup
              winup itself.

SUBCOMMANDS
     Note that the path and archive options listed below support globbing and multiple items. See the EXAM-PLES EXAMPLES
     PLES section below for more details.

     files archives
              List the files and directories in the archive.

     install path
              Install the root at path.

     list [archive]
              List archives that are installed. You may optionally provide an archive specification to limit
              which archives get listed.

     rename archive name
              Rename an archive.

     uninstall archives
              Uninstall the specified archive.

     upgrade path
              Find the last archive that was installed with the same name (basename of path), and replace it
              with the root at path.

     verify archive
              List all of the information about archive.  This includes status letters detailing how the ar-chive archive
              chive differs from whats on disk

STATE/CHANGE SYMBOLS
     ?        Unknown state. Probably a bug.

     !        Missing file during uninstall. Darwinup expected a file or directory to exist, but it did not.
              This could be a bug in darwinup, but most likely another tool or software update removed a
              file that darwinup had been tracking. It can also be caused by an installation failing due to
              an object changing type (see FORCING OPERATIONS below), and the subsequent rollback finding
              the root only partially installed. Since these all happen during uninstall, they are typically
              safe to ignore, since darwinup was going to delete the object anyway.

     A        Added. No previous file or directory existed so the file or directory was added to your sys-tem. system.
              tem.

     E        External change. The file you are installing is different than the last file you installed,
              but it is identical to what was actually found on disk. This probably means something manually
              installed a root or software update without darwinup knowing about it. This is usually harm-less. harmless.
              less.

     M        Mode change. Only changes to permission or ownership were needed to uninstall the file or
              directory.

     R        Removed. No previous file or directory existed, so the uninstall process removed the file.

     U        Updated. During installation, the file or directory replaces an existing object at the same
              path. During uninstallation, the previous version of the file was restored.

SUPPORTED PATHS
     /path/to/file-or-directory
              You can install archive files or directories by specifying a relative or absolute path. If the
              path is a directory, all files below it will be installed as a single root. If the path points
              to a file, it must be one of the suported archive file types as described in the usage state-ment. statement.
              ment.

     user@host:/path/to/file-or-directory
              You can install files or directories from another host via rsync/ssh.  The files/directories
              will be downloaded to your machine and then installed like any other root.

     http[s]://host/path/to/file
              You can install files from an archive hosted on an HTTP/HTTPS server. The archive file will be
              downloaded using curl to your machine and then installed like any other archive file. You can
              not point darwinup at a directory hosted via HTTP or HTTPS, only archive files such as tar-balls. tarballs.
              balls.

ARCHIVE SPECIFICATIONS
     When running a subcommand which takes an archive argument, you can use one or more of the following
     items to specify which archive to operate on. You can mix and match any of them as needed.  You can use
     the list subcommand with these specifications to see what will match.

     serial   You can specify an archive with its serial number, which can be found using the list subcom-mand. subcommand.
              mand.

     uuid     You can specify an archive with its UUID, which can be found using the list subcommand.

     name     You can specify an archive with its name, which can be found using the list subcommand.

     newest   The newest keyword will match the one archive which was most recently installed. This should
              always be the first archive listed.

     oldest   The oldest keyword will match the one archive which was installed the longest time ago. This
              should always be the last archive listed.

     superseded
              The superseded keyword will match zero or more archives. An archive is superseded if every
              file it contains is contained in an archive that was (and still is) installed after it. A file
              in an archive can also be superseded by external changes, such as operating system updates.
              When uninstalling a superseded archive, you should never see any status symbols, since being
              superseded means there is a newer file on disk.

     all      The all keyword will match all archives. If you specify extra verbosity with -vv, then roll-back rollback
              back archives will also be matched by the all keyword. This means that darwinup -vv uninstall
              all will attempt to uninstall rollback archives, which will print a message about not being
              able to uninstall rollback archives. This is normal and not a problem.

FORCING OPERATIONS
     There are 2 cases where darwinup will require you to pass the force (-f) option before proceeding with
     an operation.

     Object Type Change
              If you install an archive which contains a file with the same path as a directory on your sys-tem, system,
              tem, or vice versa, darwinup will give you a error about not doing that unless you really want
              to force it. If you do force the operation, darwinup will delete the existing object and
              replace it with the object from the root. This can happen when a directory full of files gets
              packaged up in some opaque file, like xibs/nibs. If you expect this "type change", then it is
              probably safe to force the operation.

     Uninstall a root from an older base system
              Darwinup remembers the version (build) of the operating system when a root is installed. The
              reason for this is darwinup saves the old (replaced) files during the installation procedure.
              Those backups may have come from the older operating system, and thus are not necessarily com-patible compatible
              patible with the current build of the operating system. So if you try to uninstall an archive
              that had been installed on a different version of the operating system, darwinup will stop and
              provide a message asking you to force the operation if you really want to. If the files you
              are uninstalling are all superseded, then you should not get this error as the backup copies
              will not be used anyway.

HELPFUL AUTOMATION
     Darwinup tries to detect common situations and run external tools that you would otherwise have to
     remember to run yourself. The "dry run" (-n) and "disable automation" (-d) options prevent any of the
     following from happening.

     Dyld Cache
              If a root modifies any file, then darwinup will run update_dyld_shared_cache unless the -d
              option is specified.

     Kernel Extensions
              If a root modifies a file under /System/Library/Extensions, then darwinup will update the
              mtime of /System/Library/Extensions to ensure that the kext cache is updated during the next
              boot.

EXAMPLES
     Install files from a tarball
              $ darwinup install library-1.2.3.tar.gz

     Install several directories from /tmp/
              $ darwinup install /tmp/*/*~dst/

     Uninstall everything
              $ darwinup uninstall all

     See what archives have been superseded and then uninstall them
              $ darwinup list superseded $ darwinup uninstall superseded

     Uninstall several archives by serial, the oldest one, and one named myroot
              $ darwinup uninstall 9 16 myroot oldest

     Install a root from src.macosforge.org
              $ darwinup install http://src.macosforge.org/Roots/10D573/zlib.root.tar.gz

SEE ALSO
     rsync(1), curl(1), tar(1), gzip(1), ditto(1), update_dyld_shared_cache(1)

Darwin                           16 Apr, 2010                           Darwin