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STAT(2) BSD System Calls Manual STAT(2)
NAME
fstat, fstat64, lstat, lstat64, stat, stat64 -- get file status
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/stat.h>
int
fstat(int fildes, struct stat *buf);
int
lstat(const char *restrict path, struct stat *restrict buf);
int
stat(const char *restrict path, struct stat *restrict buf);
TRANSITIIONAL SYNOPSIS (NOW DEPRECATED)
int
fstat64(int fildes, struct stat64 *buf);
int
lstat64(const char *restrict path, struct stat64 *restrict buf);
int
stat64(const char *restrict path, struct stat64 *restrict buf);
DESCRIPTION
The stat() function obtains information about the file pointed to by path. Read, write or execute per-mission permission
mission of the named file is not required, but all directories listed in the path name leading to the
file must be searchable.
The lstat() function is like stat() except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link; lstat()
returns information about the link, while stat() returns information about the file the link refer-ences. references.
ences. Unlike other filesystem objects, symbolic links may not have an owner, group, access mode,
times, etc. Instead, these attributes may be taken from the directory that contains the link. In this
case, the only attributes returned from an lstat() that refer to the symbolic link itself are the file
type (S_IFLNK), size, blocks, and link count (always 1).
The fstat() obtains the same information about an open file known by the file descriptor fildes.
The buf argument is a pointer to a stat structure as defined by <sys/stat.h> and into which information
is placed concerning the file. When the macro _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is not defined (see below
for more information about this macro), the stat structure is defined as:
struct stat { /* when _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is NOT defined */
dev_t st_dev; /* device inode resides on */
ino_t st_ino; /* inode's number */
mode_t st_mode; /* inode protection mode */
nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links to the file */
uid_t st_uid; /* user-id of owner */
gid_t st_gid; /* group-id of owner */
dev_t st_rdev; /* device type, for special file inode */
struct timespec st_atimespec; /* time of last access */
struct timespec st_mtimespec; /* time of last data modification */
struct timespec st_ctimespec; /* time of last file status change */
off_t st_size; /* file size, in bytes */
quad_t st_blocks; /* blocks allocated for file */
u_long st_blksize;/* optimal file sys I/O ops blocksize */
u_long st_flags; /* user defined flags for file */
u_long st_gen; /* file generation number */
};
However, when the macro _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is defined, the stat structure will now be defined
as:
struct stat { /* when _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is defined */
dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file */
mode_t st_mode; /* Mode of file (see below) */
nlink_t st_nlink; /* Number of hard links */
ino_t st_ino; /* File serial number */
uid_t st_uid; /* User ID of the file */
gid_t st_gid; /* Group ID of the file */
dev_t st_rdev; /* Device ID */
struct timespec st_atimespec; /* time of last access */
struct timespec st_mtimespec; /* time of last data modification */
struct timespec st_ctimespec; /* time of last status change */
struct timespec st_birthtimespec; /* time of file creation(birth) */
off_t st_size; /* file size, in bytes */
blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* blocks allocated for file */
blksize_t st_blksize; /* optimal blocksize for I/O */
uint32_t st_flags; /* user defined flags for file */
uint32_t st_gen; /* file generation number */
int32_t st_lspare; /* RESERVED: DO NOT USE! */
int64_t st_qspare[2]; /* RESERVED: DO NOT USE! */
};
The time-related fields of struct stat are as follows:
st_atime Time when file data last accessed. Changed by the mknod(2), utimes(2) and read(2)
system calls.
st_mtime Time when file data last modified. Changed by the mknod(2), utimes(2) and write(2)
system calls.
st_ctime Time when file status was last changed (inode data modification). Changed by the
chmod(2), chown(2), link(2), mknod(2), rename(2), unlink(2), utimes(2) and write(2)
system calls.
st_birthtime Time of file creation. Only set once when the file is created. This field is only
available in the 64 bit inode variants. On filesystems where birthtime is not avail-able, available,
able, this field holds the ctime instead.
The size-related fields of the structures are as follows:
st_blksize The optimal I/O block size for the file.
st_blocks The actual number of blocks allocated for the file in 512-byte units. As short symbolic
links are stored in the inode, this number may be zero.
The status information word st_mode has the following bits:
#define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file */
#define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe (fifo) */
#define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */
#define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */
#define S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */
#define S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */
#define S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */
#define S_IFSOCK 0140000 /* socket */
#define S_IFWHT 0160000 /* whiteout */
#define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
#define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
#define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* save swapped text even after use */
#define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* read permission, owner */
#define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* write permission, owner */
#define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* execute/search permission, owner */
For a list of access modes, see <sys/stat.h>, access(2) and chmod(2).
For a list of the file flags in the st_flags field, see <sys/stat.h> and chflags(2).
_DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE
In order to accommodate advanced capabilities of newer file systems, the struct stat, struct statfs,
and struct dirent data structures were updated in Mac OSX 10.5.
The most obvious change is the increased size of ino_t from 32 bits to 64 bits. As a consequence,
storing an ino_t in an int is no longer safe, and file formats storing ino_t as 32-bit values may need
to be updated. There are other changes as well, such as the widening of f_fstypename, f_mntonname, and
f_mntfromname in struct statfs. Please refer to stat(2) and dir(5) for more detail on the specific
changes to the other affected data structures.
On platforms that existed before these updates were available, ABI compatibility is achieved by provid-ing providing
ing two implementations for related functions: one using the legacy data structures and one using the
updated data structures. Variants which make use of the newer structures have their symbols suffixed
with $INODE64. These $INODE64 suffixes are automatically appended by the compiler tool-chain and
should not be used directly.
Platforms that were released after these updates only have the newer variants available to them. These
platforms have the macro _DARWIN_FEATURE_ONLY_64_BIT_INODE defined.
The _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE macro should not be set directly. Instead, developers should make use
of the _DARWIN_NO_64_BIT_INODE or _DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE macros when the default variant is not
desired. The following table details the effects of defining these macros for different deployment
targets.
_DARWIN_FEATURE_ONLY_64_BIT_INODE not defined
-------------------------+-------------------------------| -------------------------+------------------------------|
| Deployment Target
user defines: | < 10.5 10.5 > 10.5
-------------------------+-------------------------------(none) -------------------------+------------------------------(none)
(none) | 32-bit 32-bit 64-bit
_DARWIN_NO_64_BIT_INODE | 32-bit 32-bit 32-bit
_DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE | 32-bit 64-bit 64-bit
-------------------------+-------------------------------_DARWIN_FEATURE_ONLY_64_BIT_INODE -------------------------+------------------------------_DARWIN_FEATURE_ONLY_64_BIT_INODE
_DARWIN_FEATURE_ONLY_64_BIT_INODE defined
-------------------------+-------------------------------user -------------------------+------------------------------user
user defines: | Any Deployment Target
-------------------------+-------------------------------(none) -------------------------+------------------------------(none)
(none) | 64-bit-only
_DARWIN_NO_64_BIT_INODE | (error)
_DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE | 64-bit-only
-------------------------+-------------------------------32-bit -------------------------+------------------------------32-bit
32-bit 32-bit inode values are enabled, and the legacy structures involving the ino_t type
are in use. The macro _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is not defined.
64-bit 64-bit inode values are enabled, and the expanded structures involving the ino_t
type are in use. The macro _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is defined, and loader sym-bols symbols
bols will contain the $INODE64 suffix.
64-bit-only Like 64-bit, except loader symbols do not have the $INODE64 suffix.
(error) A compile time error is generated.
Due to the increased benefits of the larger structure, it is highly recommended that developers not
define _DARWIN_NO_64_BIT_INODE and make use of _DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE when targeting Mac OSX 10.5.
In addition to the $INODE64 suffixed symbols, variants suffixed with 64 are also available for related
functions. These functions were provided as a way for developers to use the updated structures in code
that also made use of the legacy structures. The enlarged stat structures were also prefixed with 64
to distinguish them from their legacy variants. These functions have been deprecated and should be
avoided.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and errno is
set to indicate the error.
COMPATIBILITY
Previous versions of the system used different types for the st_dev, st_uid, st_gid, st_rdev, st_size,
st_blksize and st_blocks fields.
ERRORS
The fstat() system call will fail if:
[EBADF] fildes is not a valid open file descriptor.
[EFAULT] Sb points to an invalid address.
[EIO] An I/O error occurs while reading from or writing to the file system.
The lstat() and stat() system calls will fail if:
[EACCES] Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
[EFAULT] Sb or name points to an invalid address.
[EIO] An I/O error occurs while reading from or writing to the file system.
[ELOOP] Too many symbolic links are encountered in translating the pathname. This is taken
to be indicative of a looping symbolic link.
[ENAMETOOLONG] A component of a pathname exceeds {NAME_MAX} characters, or an entire path name
exceeds {PATH_MAX} characters.
[ENOENT] The named file does not exist.
[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
The fstat(), lstat(), and stat() system calls will fail if:
[EOVERFLOW] The file size in bytes or the number of blocks allocated to the file or the file
serial number cannot be represented correctly in the structure pointed to by buf.
CAVEATS
The file generation number, st_gen, is only available to the super-user.
The fields in the stat structure currently marked st_spare1, st_spare2, and st_spare3 are present in
preparation for inode time stamps expanding to 64 bits. This, however, can break certain programs that
depend on the time stamps being contiguous (in calls to utimes(2)).
TRANSITIONAL DESCRIPTION (NOW DEPRECATED)
The fstat64, lstat64 and stat64 routines are equivalent to their corresponding non-64-suffixed routine,
when 64-bit inodes are in effect. They were added before there was support for the symbol variants,
and so are now deprecated. Instead of using these, set the _DARWIN_USE_64_BIT_INODE macro before
including header files to force 64-bit inode support.
The stat64 structure used by these deprecated routines is the same as the stat structure when 64-bit
inodes are in effect (see above).
SEE ALSO
chflags(2), chmod(2), chown(2), utimes(2), compat(5), statfs(2), symlink(7)
BUGS
Applying fstat to a socket (and thus to a pipe) returns a zero'd buffer, except for the blocksize
field, and a unique device and inode number.
STANDARDS
The stat() and fstat() function calls are expected to conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 (``POSIX.1'').
HISTORY
An lstat() function call appeared in 4.2BSD. The stat64(), fstat64(), and lstat64() system calls first
appeared in Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) and are now deprecated in favor of the corresponding symbol vari-ants. variants.
ants.
4th Berkeley Distribution May 15, 2008 4th Berkeley Distribution
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