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CHMOD(2)                    BSD System Calls Manual                   CHMOD(2)

NAME
     chmod, fchmod -- change mode of file

SYNOPSIS
     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <sys/stat.h>

     int
     chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode);

     int
     fchmod(int fildes, mode_t mode);

DESCRIPTION
     The function chmod() sets the file permission bits of the file specified by the pathname path to mode.
     Fchmod() sets the permission bits of the specified file descriptor fildes.  Chmod() verifies that the
     process owner (user) either owns the file specified by path (or fildes), or is the super-user.  A mode
     is created from or'd permission bit masks defined in <sys/stat.h>:
           #define S_IRWXU 0000700    /* RWX mask for owner */
           #define S_IRUSR 0000400    /* R for owner */
           #define S_IWUSR 0000200    /* W for owner */
           #define S_IXUSR 0000100    /* X for owner */

           #define S_IRWXG 0000070    /* RWX mask for group */
           #define S_IRGRP 0000040    /* R for group */
           #define S_IWGRP 0000020    /* W for group */
           #define S_IXGRP 0000010    /* X for group */

           #define S_IRWXO 0000007    /* RWX mask for other */
           #define S_IROTH 0000004    /* R for other */
           #define S_IWOTH 0000002    /* W for other */
           #define S_IXOTH 0000001    /* X for other */

           #define S_ISUID 0004000    /* set user id on execution */
           #define S_ISGID 0002000    /* set group id on execution */
           #define S_ISVTX 0001000    /* save swapped text even after use */

     The ISVTX (the sticky bit) indicates to the system which executable files are shareable (the default)
     and the system maintains the program text of the files in the swap area. The sticky bit may only be set
     by the super user on shareable executable files.

     If mode ISVTX (the `sticky bit') is set on a directory, an unprivileged user may not delete or rename
     files of other users in that directory. The sticky bit may be set by any user on a directory which the
     user owns or has appropriate permissions.  For more details of the properties of the sticky bit, see
     sticky(8).

     Writing or changing the owner of a file turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits unless the user
     is the super-user.  This makes the system somewhat more secure by protecting set-user-id (set-group-id)
     files from remaining set-user-id (set-group-id) if they are modified, at the expense of a degree of
     compatibility.

RETURN VALUES
     Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and errno
     is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
     The chmod() system call will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if:

     [EACCES]           Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.

     [EFAULT]           Path points outside the process's allocated address space.

     [EINTR]            Its execution was interrupted by a signal.

     [EIO]              An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.

     [ELOOP]            Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.  This is taken
                        to be indicative of a looping symbolic link.

     [ENAMETOOLONG]     A component of a pathname exceeded {NAME_MAX} characters, or an entire path name
                        exceeded {PATH_MAX} characters.

     [ENOENT]           The named file does not exist.

     [ENOTDIR]          A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

     [EPERM]            The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and the effective user ID
                        is not the super-user.

     [EROFS]            The named file resides on a read-only file system.

     fchmod() will fail if:

     [EBADF]            fildes is not a valid file descriptor.

     [EINVAL]           fildes refers to a socket, not to a file.

     [EINVAL]           mode is not a valid file mode.

     [EINTR]            Its execution was interrupted by a signal.

     [EIO]              An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.

     [EPERM]            The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and the effective user ID
                        is not the super-user.

     [EROFS]            The file resides on a read-only file system.

LEGACY SYNOPSIS
     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <sys/stat.h>

     The include file <sys/types.h> is necessary.

SEE ALSO
     chmod(1), chown(2), open(2), stat(2), compat(5), sticky(8)

STANDARDS
     The chmod() function is expected to conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 (``POSIX.1'').

HISTORY
     The fchmod() function call appeared in 4.2BSD.

4th Berkeley Distribution        June 4, 1993        4th Berkeley Distribution