17.6.10. MySQL Cluster Replication: Multi-Master and Circular Replication

It is possible to use MySQL Cluster in multi-master replication, including circular replication between a number of MySQL Clusters.

Circular replication example. In the next few paragraphs we consider the example of a replication setup involving three MySQL Clusters numbered 1, 2, and 3, in which Cluster 1 acts as the replication master for Cluster 2, Cluster 2 acts as the master for Cluster 3, and Cluster 3 acts as the master for Cluster 1. Each cluster has two SQL nodes, with SQL nodes A and B belonging to Cluster 1, SQL nodes C and D belonging to Cluster 2, and SQL nodes E and F belonging to Cluster 3.

Circular replication using these clusters is supported as long as the following conditions are met:

This type of circular replication setup is shown in the following diagram:

In this scenario, SQL node A in Cluster 1 replicates to SQL node C in Cluster 2; SQL node C replicates to SQL node E in Cluster 3; SQL node E replicates to SQL node A. In other words, the replication line (indicated by the red arrows in the diagram) directly connects all SQL nodes used as replication masters and slaves.

It is also possible to set up circular replication in such a way that not all master SQL nodes are also slaves, as shown here:

In this case, different SQL nodes in each cluster are used as replication masters and slaves. However, you must not start any of the SQL nodes using --log-slave-updates. This type of circular replication scheme for MySQL Cluster, in which the line of replication (again indicated by the red arrows in the diagram) is discontinuous, should be possible, but it should be noted that it has not yet been thoroughly tested and must therefore still be considered experimental.

mysql> SET GLOBAL SLAVE_EXEC_MODE =
            'IDEMPOTENT';

Using NDB-native backup and restore to initialize a slave MySQL Cluster. When setting up circular replication, it is possible to initialize the slave cluster by using the management client BACKUP command on one MySQL Cluster to create a backup and then applying this backup on another MySQL Cluster using ndb_restore. However, this does not automatically create binary logs on the second MySQL Cluster's SQL node acting as the replication slave. In order to cause the binary logs to be created, you must issue a SHOW TABLES statement on that SQL node; this should be done prior to running START SLAVE.

This is a known issue which we intend to address in a future release.

Multi-master failover example. In this section, we discuss failover in a multi-master MySQL Cluster replication setup with three MySQL Clusters having server IDs 1, 2, and 3. In this scenario, Cluster 1 replicates to Clusters 2 and 3; Cluster 2 also replicates to Cluster 3. This relationship is shown here:

In other words, data replicates from Cluster 1 to Cluster 3 through 2 different routes: directly, and by way of Cluster 2.

Not all MySQL servers taking part in multi-master replication must act as both master and slave, and a given MySQL Cluster might use different SQL nodes for different replication channels. Such a case is shown here:

MySQL servers acting as replication slaves must be run with the --log-slave-updates option. Which mysqld processes require this option is also shown in the preceding diagram.

The need for failover arises when one of the replicating clusters goes down. In this example, we consider the case where Cluster 1 is lost to service, and so Cluster 3 loses 2 sources of updates from Cluster 1. Because replication between MySQL Clusters is asynchronous, there is no guarantee that Cluster 3's updates originating directly from Cluster 1 are more recent than those received through Cluster 2. You can handle this by ensuring that Cluster 3 catches up to Cluster 2 with regard to updates from Cluster 1. In terms of MySQL servers, this means that you need to replicate any outstanding updates from MySQL server C to server F.

On server C, perform the following queries:

mysqlC> SELECT @latest:=MAX(epoch)     ->     FROM mysql.ndb_apply_status     ->     WHERE server_id=1;mysqlC> SELECT     ->     @file:=SUBSTRING_INDEX(File, '/', -1),     ->     @pos:=Position     ->     FROM mysql.ndb_binlog_index     ->     WHERE orig_epoch >= @latest     ->     AND orig_server_id = 1->     ORDER BY epoch ASC LIMIT 1;

Copy over the values for @file and @pos manually from server C to server F (or have your application perform the equivalent). Then, on server F, execute the following CHANGE MASTER TO statement:

mysqlF> CHANGE MASTER TO     ->     MASTER_HOST = 'serverC'     ->     MASTER_LOG_FILE='@file',     ->     MASTER_LOG_POS=@pos;

Once this has been done, you can issue a START SLAVE statement on MySQL server F, and any missing updates originating from server B will be replicated to server F.

The CHANGE MASTER TO statement also supports an IGNORE_SERVER_IDS option which takes a comma-separated list of server IDs and causes events originating from the corresponding servers to be ignored. For more information, see Section 13.4.2.1, "CHANGE MASTER TO Syntax", and Section 13.7.5.35, "SHOW SLAVE STATUS Syntax".