17.5.11.3. MySQL Cluster and MySQL Security Procedures

In this section, we discuss MySQL standard security procedures as they apply to running MySQL Cluster.

In general, any standard procedure for running MySQL securely also applies to running a MySQL Server as part of a MySQL Cluster. First and foremost, you should always run a MySQL Server as the mysql system user; this is no different from running MySQL in a standard (non-Cluster) environment. The mysql system account should be uniquely and clearly defined. Fortunately, this is the default behavior for a new MySQL installation. You can verify that the mysqld process is running as the system user mysql by using the system command such as the one shown here:

shell> ps aux | grep mysqlroot     10467  0.0  0.1   3616  1380 pts/3    S    11:53   0:00 \  /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe --ndbcluster --ndb-connectstring=localhost:1186mysql    10512  0.2  2.5  58528 26636 pts/3    Sl   11:53   0:00 \  /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \  --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var --user=mysql --ndbcluster \  --ndb-connectstring=localhost:1186 --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/var/mothra.pid \  --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/var/mothra.errjon      10579  0.0  0.0   2736   688 pts/0    S+   11:54   0:00 grep mysql

If the mysqld process is running as any other user than mysql, you should immediately shut it down and restart it as the mysql user. If this user does not exist on the system, the mysql user account should be created, and this user should be part of the mysql user group; in this case, you should also make sure that the MySQL data directory on this system (as set using the --datadir option for mysqld) is owned by the mysql user, and that the SQL node's my.cnf file includes user=mysql in the [mysqld] section. Alternatively, you can start the MySQL server process with --user=mysql on the command line, but it is preferable to use the my.cnf option, since you might forget to use the command-line option and so have mysqld running as another user unintentionally. The mysqld_safe startup script forces MySQL to run as the mysql user.

As mentioned in the previous section (see Section 17.5.11.2, "MySQL Cluster and MySQL Privileges"), you should always set a root password for the MySQL Server as soon as you have it running. You should also delete the anonymous user account that is installed by default. You can accomplish these tasks using the following statements:

shell> mysql -u rootmysql> UPDATE mysql.user    ->     SET
        Password=PASSWORD('secure_password')    ->     WHERE User='root';mysql> DELETE
        FROM mysql.user    ->     WHERE User='';mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Be very careful when executing the DELETE statement not to omit the WHERE clause, or you risk deleting all MySQL users. Be sure to run the FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement as soon as you have modified the mysql.user table, so that the changes take immediate effect. Without FLUSH PRIVILEGES, the changes do not take effect until the next time that the server is restarted.