|
|
Эта страница руководства для версии 10.9 Mac OS XЕсли Вы выполняете различную версию Mac OS X, просматриваете документацию локально:
Читать страницы руководстваСтраницы руководства предназначаются как справочник для людей, уже понимающих технологию.
|
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
NAME
unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
SYNOPSIS
unzip [-Z] [-cflptTuvz[abjnoqsCKLMVWX$/:]] file[.zip] [file(s) ...] [-x xfile(s) ...] [-d exdir]
DESCRIPTION
unzip will list, test, or extract files from a ZIP archive, commonly found on MS-DOS systems. The
default behavior (with no options) is to extract into the current directory (and subdirectories below
it) all files from the specified ZIP archive. A companion program, zip(1L), creates ZIP archives;
both programs are compatible with archives created by PKWARE's PKZIP and PKUNZIP for MS-DOS, but in
many cases the program options or default behaviors differ.
ARGUMENTS
file[.zip]
Path of the ZIP archive(s). If the file specification is a wildcard, each matching file is
processed in an order determined by the operating system (or file system). Only the filename
can be a wildcard; the path itself cannot. Wildcard expressions are similar to those sup-ported supported
ported in commonly used Unix shells (sh, ksh, csh) and may contain:
* matches a sequence of 0 or more characters
? matches exactly 1 character
[...] matches any single character found inside the brackets; ranges are specified by a
beginning character, a hyphen, and an ending character. If an exclamation point or a
caret (`!' or `^') follows the left bracket, then the range of characters within the
brackets is complemented (that is, anything except the characters inside the brackets
is considered a match). To specify a verbatim left bracket, the three-character
sequence ``[[]'' has to be used.
(Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be interpreted or modified by the operat-ing operating
ing system, particularly under Unix and VMS.) If no matches are found, the specification is
assumed to be a literal filename; and if that also fails, the suffix .zip is appended. Note
that self-extracting ZIP files are supported, as with any other ZIP archive; just specify the
.exe suffix (if any) explicitly.
[file(s)]
An optional list of archive members to be processed, separated by spaces. (VMS versions com-piled compiled
piled with VMSCLI defined must delimit files with commas instead. See -v in OPTIONS below.)
Regular expressions (wildcards) may be used to match multiple members; see above. Again, be
sure to quote expressions that would otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating sys-tem. system.
tem.
[-x xfile(s)]
An optional list of archive members to be excluded from processing. Since wildcard characters
normally match (`/') directory separators (for exeptions see the option -W, this option may be
used to exclude any files that are in subdirectories. For example, ``unzip foo *.[ch] -x
*/*'' would extract all C source files in the main directory, but none in any subdirectories.
Without the -x option, all C source files in all directories within the zipfile would be
extracted.
[-d exdir]
An optional directory to which to extract files. By default, all files and subdirectories are
recreated in the current directory; the -d option allows extraction in an arbitrary directory
(always assuming one has permission to write to the directory). This option need not appear
at the end of the command line; it is also accepted before the zipfile specification (with the
normal options), immediately after the zipfile specification, or between the file(s) and the
-x option. The option and directory may be concatenated without any white space between them,
but note that this may cause normal shell behavior to be suppressed. In particular, ``-d ~''
(tilde) is expanded by Unix C shells into the name of the user's home directory, but ``-d~''
is treated as a literal subdirectory ``~'' of the current directory.
OPTIONS
Note that, in order to support obsolescent hardware, unzip's usage screen is limited to 22 or 23
lines and should therefore be considered only a reminder of the basic unzip syntax rather than an
exhaustive list of all possible flags. The exhaustive list follows:
-Z zipinfo(1L) mode. If the first option on the command line is -Z, the remaining options are
taken to be zipinfo(1L) options. See the appropriate manual page for a description of these
options.
-A [OS/2, Unix DLL] print extended help for the DLL's programming interface (API).
-c extract files to stdout/screen (``CRT''). This option is similar to the -p option except that
the name of each file is printed as it is extracted, the -a option is allowed, and ASCII-EBCDIC ASCIIEBCDIC
EBCDIC conversion is automatically performed if appropriate. This option is not listed in the
unzip usage screen.
-f freshen existing files, i.e., extract only those files that already exist on disk and that are
newer than the disk copies. By default unzip queries before overwriting, but the -o option
may be used to suppress the queries. Note that under many operating systems, the TZ (time-zone) (timezone)
zone) environment variable must be set correctly in order for -f and -u to work properly
(under Unix the variable is usually set automatically). The reasons for this are somewhat
subtle but have to do with the differences between DOS-format file times (always local time)
and Unix-format times (always in GMT/UTC) and the necessity to compare the two. A typical TZ
value is ``PST8PDT'' (US Pacific time with automatic adjustment for Daylight Savings Time or
``summer time'').
-l list archive files (short format). The names, uncompressed file sizes and modification dates
and times of the specified files are printed, along with totals for all files specified. If
UnZip was compiled with OS2_EAS defined, the -l option also lists columns for the sizes of
stored OS/2 extended attributes (EAs) and OS/2 access control lists (ACLs). In addition, the
zipfile comment and individual file comments (if any) are displayed. If a file was archived
from a single-case file system (for example, the old MS-DOS FAT file system) and the -L option
was given, the filename is converted to lowercase and is prefixed with a caret (^).
-p extract files to pipe (stdout). Nothing but the file data is sent to stdout, and the files
are always extracted in binary format, just as they are stored (no conversions).
-t test archive files. This option extracts each specified file in memory and compares the CRC
(cyclic redundancy check, an enhanced checksum) of the expanded file with the original file's
stored CRC value.
-T [most OSes] set the timestamp on the archive(s) to that of the newest file in each one. This
corresponds to zip's -go option except that it can be used on wildcard zipfiles (e.g., ``unzip
-T \*.zip'') and is much faster.
-u update existing files and create new ones if needed. This option performs the same function
as the -f option, extracting (with query) files that are newer than those with the same name
on disk, and in addition it extracts those files that do not already exist on disk. See -f
above for information on setting the timezone properly.
-v be verbose or print diagnostic version info. This option has evolved and now behaves as both
an option and a modifier. As an option it has two purposes: when a zipfile is specified with
no other options, -v lists archive files verbosely, adding to the basic -l info the compres-sion compression
sion method, compressed size, compression ratio and 32-bit CRC. In contrast to most of the
competing utilities, unzip removes the 12 additional header bytes of encrypted entries from
the compressed size numbers. Therefore, compressed size and compression ratio figures are
independent of the entry's encryption status and show the correct compression performance.
(The complete size of the encryped compressed data stream for zipfile entries is reported by
the more verbose zipinfo(1L) reports, see the separate manual.) When no zipfile is specified
(that is, the complete command is simply ``unzip -v''), a diagnostic screen is printed. In
addition to the normal header with release date and version, unzip lists the home Info-ZIP ftp
site and where to find a list of other ftp and non-ftp sites; the target operating system for
which it was compiled, as well as (possibly) the hardware on which it was compiled, the com-piler compiler
piler and version used, and the compilation date; any special compilation options that might
affect the program's operation (see also DECRYPTION below); and any options stored in environ-ment environment
ment variables that might do the same (see ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS below). As a modifier it works
in conjunction with other options (e.g., -t) to produce more verbose or debugging output; this
is not yet fully implemented but will be in future releases.
-z display only the archive comment.
MODIFIERS
-a convert text files. Ordinarily all files are extracted exactly as they are stored (as
``binary'' files). The -a option causes files identified by zip as text files (those with the
`t' label in zipinfo listings, rather than `b') to be automatically extracted as such, con-verting converting
verting line endings, end-of-file characters and the character set itself as necessary. (For
example, Unix files use line feeds (LFs) for end-of-line (EOL) and have no end-of-file (EOF)
marker; Macintoshes use carriage returns (CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use
CR+LF for EOLs and control-Z for EOF. In addition, IBM mainframes and the Michigan Terminal
System use EBCDIC rather than the more common ASCII character set, and NT supports Unicode.)
Note that zip's identification of text files is by no means perfect; some ``text'' files may
actually be binary and vice versa. unzip therefore prints ``[text]'' or ``[binary]'' as a
visual check for each file it extracts when using the -a option. The -aa option forces all
files to be extracted as text, regardless of the supposed file type.
-b [general] treat all files as binary (no text conversions). This is a shortcut for ---a.
-b [Tandem] force the creation files with filecode type 180 ('C') when extracting Zip entries
marked as "text". (On Tandem, -a is enabled by default, see above).
-b [VMS] auto-convert binary files (see -a above) to fixed-length, 512-byte record format. Dou-bling Doubling
bling the option (-bb) forces all files to be extracted in this format. When extracting to
standard output (-c or -p option in effect), the default conversion of text record delimiters
is disabled for binary (-b) resp. all (-bb) files.
-B [Unix only, and only if compiled with UNIXBACKUP defined] save a backup copy of each overwrit-ten overwritten
ten file with a tilde appended (e.g., the old copy of ``foo'' is renamed to ``foo~''). This
is similar to the default behavior of emacs(1) in many locations.
-C use case-insensitive matching for the selection of archive entries from the command-line list
of extract selection patterns. unzip's philosophy is ``you get what you ask for'' (this is
also responsible for the -L/-U change; see the relevant options below). Because some file
systems are fully case-sensitive (notably those under the Unix operating system) and because
both ZIP archives and unzip itself are portable across platforms, unzip's default behavior is
to match both wildcard and literal filenames case-sensitively. That is, specifying ``make-file'' ``makefile''
file'' on the command line will only match ``makefile'' in the archive, not ``Makefile'' or
``MAKEFILE'' (and similarly for wildcard specifications). Since this does not correspond to
the behavior of many other operating/file systems (for example, OS/2 HPFS, which preserves
mixed case but is not sensitive to it), the -C option may be used to force all filename
matches to be case-insensitive. In the example above, all three files would then match
``makefile'' (or ``make*'', or similar). The -C option affects file specs in both the normal
file list and the excluded-file list (xlist).
Please note that the -L option does neither affect the search for the zipfile(s) nor the
matching of archive entries to existing files on the extraction path. On a case-sensitive
file system, unzip will never try to overwrite a file ``FOO'' when extracting an entry
``foo''!
-E [MacOS only] display contents of MacOS extra field during restore operation.
-F [Acorn only] suppress removal of NFS filetype extension from stored filenames.
-F [non-Acorn systems supporting long filenames with embedded commas, and only if compiled with
ACORN_FTYPE_NFS defined] translate filetype information from ACORN RISC OS extra field blocks
into a NFS filetype extension and append it to the names of the extracted files. (When the
stored filename appears to already have an appended NFS filetype extension, it is replaced by
the info from the extra field.)
-i [MacOS only] ignore filenames stored in MacOS extra fields. Instead, the most compatible file-name filename
name stored in the generic part of the entry's header is used.
-j junk paths. The archive's directory structure is not recreated; all files are deposited in
the extraction directory (by default, the current one).
-J [BeOS only] junk file attributes. The file's BeOS file attributes are not restored, just the
file's data.
-J [MacOS only] ignore MacOS extra fields. All Macintosh specific info is skipped. Data-fork and
resource-fork are restored as separate files.
-K [AtheOS, BeOS, Unix only] retain SUID/SGID/Tacky file attributes. Without this flag, these
attribute bits are cleared for security reasons.
-L convert to lowercase any filename originating on an uppercase-only operating system or file
system. (This was unzip's default behavior in releases prior to 5.11; the new default behav-ior behavior
ior is identical to the old behavior with the -U option, which is now obsolete and will be
removed in a future release.) Depending on the archiver, files archived under single-case
file systems (VMS, old MS-DOS FAT, etc.) may be stored as all-uppercase names; this can be
ugly or inconvenient when extracting to a case-preserving file system such as OS/2 HPFS or a
case-sensitive one such as under Unix. By default unzip lists and extracts such filenames
exactly as they're stored (excepting truncation, conversion of unsupported characters, etc.);
this option causes the names of all files from certain systems to be converted to lowercase.
The -LL option forces conversion of every filename to lowercase, regardless of the originating
file system.
-M pipe all output through an internal pager similar to the Unix more(1) command. At the end of
a screenful of output, unzip pauses with a ``--More--'' prompt; the next screenful may be
viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the space bar. unzip can be terminated by press-ing pressing
ing the ``q'' key and, on some systems, the Enter/Return key. Unlike Unix more(1), there is
no forward-searching or editing capability. Also, unzip doesn't notice if long lines wrap at
the edge of the screen, effectively resulting in the printing of two or more lines and the
likelihood that some text will scroll off the top of the screen before being viewed. On some
systems the number of available lines on the screen is not detected, in which case unzip
assumes the height is 24 lines.
-n never overwrite existing files. If a file already exists, skip the extraction of that file
without prompting. By default unzip queries before extracting any file that already exists;
the user may choose to overwrite only the current file, overwrite all files, skip extraction
of the current file, skip extraction of all existing files, or rename the current file.
-N [Amiga] extract file comments as Amiga filenotes. File comments are created with the -c
option of zip(1L), or with the -N option of the Amiga port of zip(1L), which stores filenotes
as comments.
-o overwrite existing files without prompting. This is a dangerous option, so use it with care.
(It is often used with -f, however, and is the only way to overwrite directory EAs under
OS/2.)
-P password
use password to decrypt encrypted zipfile entries (if any). THIS IS INSECURE! Many multi-user multiuser
user operating systems provide ways for any user to see the current command line of any other
user; even on stand-alone systems there is always the threat of over-the-shoulder peeking.
Storing the plaintext password as part of a command line in an automated script is even worse.
Whenever possible, use the non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter passwords. (And where
security is truly important, use strong encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the
relatively weak encryption provided by standard zipfile utilities.)
-q perform operations quietly (-qq = even quieter). Ordinarily unzip prints the names of the
files it's extracting or testing, the extraction methods, any file or zipfile comments that
may be stored in the archive, and possibly a summary when finished with each archive. The
-q[q] options suppress the printing of some or all of these messages.
-s [OS/2, NT, MS-DOS] convert spaces in filenames to underscores. Since all PC operating systems
allow spaces in filenames, unzip by default extracts filenames with spaces intact (e.g.,
``EA DATA. SF''). This can be awkward, however, since MS-DOS in particular does not grace-fully gracefully
fully support spaces in filenames. Conversion of spaces to underscores can eliminate the awk-wardness awkwardness
wardness in some cases.
-U (obsolete; to be removed in a future release) leave filenames uppercase if created under MS-DOS, MSDOS,
DOS, VMS, etc. See -L above.
-V retain (VMS) file version numbers. VMS files can be stored with a version number, in the for-mat format
mat file.ext;##. By default the ``;##'' version numbers are stripped, but this option allows
them to be retained. (On file systems that limit filenames to particularly short lengths, the
version numbers may be truncated or stripped regardless of this option.)
-W [only when WILD_STOP_AT_DIR compile-time option enabled] modifies the pattern matching routine
so that both `?' (single-char wildcard) and `*' (multi-char wildcard) do not match the direc-tory directory
tory separator character `/'. (The two-character sequence ``**'' acts as a multi-char wild-card wildcard
card that includes the directory separator in its matched characters.) Examples:
"*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
"**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
"*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
"??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo"
but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"
This modified behaviour is equivalent to the pattern matching style used by the shells of some
of UnZip's supported target OSs (one example is Acorn RISC OS). This option may not be avail-able available
able on systems where the Zip archive's interal directory separator character `/' is allowed
as regular character in native operating system filenames. (Currently, UnZip uses the same
pattern matching rules for both wildcard zipfile specifications and zip entry selection pat-terns patterns
terns in most ports. For systems allowing `/' as regular filename character, the -W option
would not work as expected on a wildcard zipfile specification.)
-X [VMS, Unix, OS/2, NT] restore owner/protection info (UICs) under VMS, or user and group info
(UID/GID) under Unix, or access control lists (ACLs) under certain network-enabled versions of
OS/2 (Warp Server with IBM LAN Server/Requester 3.0 to 5.0; Warp Connect with IBM Peer 1.0),
or security ACLs under Windows NT. In most cases this will require special system privileges,
and doubling the option (-XX) under NT instructs unzip to use privileges for extraction; but
under Unix, for example, a user who belongs to several groups can restore files owned by any
of those groups, as long as the user IDs match his or her own. Note that ordinary file
attributes are always restored--this option applies only to optional, extra ownership info
available on some operating systems. [NT's access control lists do not appear to be espe-cially especially
cially compatible with OS/2's, so no attempt is made at cross-platform portability of access
privileges. It is not clear under what conditions this would ever be useful anyway.]
-$ [MS-DOS, OS/2, NT] restore the volume label if the extraction medium is removable (e.g., a
diskette). Doubling the option (-$$) allows fixed media (hard disks) to be labelled as well.
By default, volume labels are ignored.
-/ extensions
[Acorn only] overrides the extension list supplied by Unzip$Ext environment variable. During
extraction, filename extensions that match one of the items in this extension list are swapped
in front of the base name of the extracted file.
-: [all but Acorn, VM/CMS, MVS, Tandem] allows to extract archive members into locations outside
of the current `` extraction root folder''. For security reasons, unzip normally removes
``parent dir'' path components (``../'') from the names of extracted file. This safety fea-ture feature
ture (new for version 5.50) prevents unzip from accidentally writing files to ``sensitive''
areas outside the active extraction folder tree head. The -: option lets unzip switch back to
its previous, more liberal behaviour, to allow exact extraction of (older) archives that used
``../'' components to create multiple directory trees at the level of the current extraction
folder. This option does not enable writing explicitly to the root directory (``/''). To
achieve this, it is necessary to set the extraction target folder to root (e.g. -d / ). How-ever, However,
ever, when the -: option is specified, it is still possible to implicitly write to the root
directory by specifiying enough ``../'' path components within the zip archive. Use this
option with extreme caution.
ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS
unzip's default behavior may be modified via options placed in an environment variable. This can be
done with any option, but it is probably most useful with the -a, -L, -C, -q, -o, or -n modifiers:
make unzip auto-convert text files by default, make it convert filenames from uppercase systems to
lowercase, make it match names case-insensitively, make it quieter, or make it always overwrite or
never overwrite files as it extracts them. For example, to make unzip act as quietly as possible,
only reporting errors, one would use one of the following commands:
Unix Bourne shell:
UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP
Unix C shell:
setenv UNZIP -qq
OS/2 or MS-DOS:
set UNZIP=-qq
VMS (quotes for lowercase):
define UNZIP_OPTS ""-qq""
Environment options are, in effect, considered to be just like any other command-line options, except
that they are effectively the first options on the command line. To override an environment option,
one may use the ``minus operator'' to remove it. For instance, to override one of the quiet-flags in
the example above, use the command
unzip --q[other options] zipfile
The first hyphen is the normal switch character, and the second is a minus sign, acting on the q
option. Thus the effect here is to cancel one quantum of quietness. To cancel both quiet flags, two
(or more) minuses may be used:
unzip -t--q zipfile
unzip ---qt zipfile
(the two are equivalent). This may seem awkward or confusing, but it is reasonably intuitive: just
ignore the first hyphen and go from there. It is also consistent with the behavior of Unix nice(1).
As suggested by the examples above, the default variable names are UNZIP_OPTS for VMS (where the sym-bol symbol
bol used to install unzip as a foreign command would otherwise be confused with the environment vari-able), variable),
able), and UNZIP for all other operating systems. For compatibility with zip(1L), UNZIPOPT is also
accepted (don't ask). If both UNZIP and UNZIPOPT are defined, however, UNZIP takes precedence.
unzip's diagnostic option (-v with no zipfile name) can be used to check the values of all four pos-sible possible
sible unzip and zipinfo environment variables.
The timezone variable (TZ) should be set according to the local timezone in order for the -f and -u
to operate correctly. See the description of -f above for details. This variable may also be neces-sary necessary
sary to get timestamps of extracted files to be set correctly. The WIN32 (Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3)
port of unzip gets the timezone configuration from the registry, assuming it is correctly set in the
Control Panel. The TZ variable is ignored for this port.
DECRYPTION
Encrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP software, but due to United States export restric-tions, restrictions,
tions, de-/encryption support might be disabled in your compiled binary. However, since spring 2000,
US export restrictions have been liberated, and our source archives do now include full crypt code.
In case you need binary distributions with crypt support enabled, see the file ``WHERE'' in any Info-ZIP InfoZIP
ZIP source or binary distribution for locations both inside and outside the US.
Some compiled versions of unzip may not support decryption. To check a version for crypt support,
either attempt to test or extract an encrypted archive, or else check unzip's diagnostic screen (see
the -v option above) for ``[decryption]'' as one of the special compilation options.
As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a password on the command line, but at a cost in
security. The preferred decryption method is simply to extract normally; if a zipfile member is
encrypted, unzip will prompt for the password without echoing what is typed. unzip continues to use
the same password as long as it appears to be valid, by testing a 12-byte header on each file. The
correct password will always check out against the header, but there is a 1-in-256 chance that an
incorrect password will as well. (This is a security feature of the PKWARE zipfile format; it helps
prevent brute-force attacks that might otherwise gain a large speed advantage by testing only the
header.) In the case that an incorrect password is given but it passes the header test anyway,
either an incorrect CRC will be generated for the extracted data or else unzip will fail during the
extraction because the ``decrypted'' bytes do not constitute a valid compressed data stream.
If the first password fails the header check on some file, unzip will prompt for another password,
and so on until all files are extracted. If a password is not known, entering a null password (that
is, just a carriage return or ``Enter'') is taken as a signal to skip all further prompting. Only
unencrypted files in the archive(s) will thereafter be extracted. (In fact, that's not quite true;
older versions of zip(1L) and zipcloak(1L) allowed null passwords, so unzip checks each encrypted
file to see if the null password works. This may result in ``false positives'' and extraction
errors, as noted above.)
Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example, passwords with accented European characters)
may not be portable across systems and/or other archivers. This problem stems from the use of multi-ple multiple
ple encoding methods for such characters, including Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) and OEM code page 850. DOS
PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code page; Windows PKZIP 2.50 uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible
with DOS PKZIP); Info-ZIP uses the OEM code page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x ports but Latin-1 everywhere
else; and Nico Mak's WinZip 6.x does not allow 8-bit passwords at all. UnZip 5.3 (or newer) attempts
to use the default character set first (e.g., Latin-1), followed by the alternate one (e.g., OEM code
page) to test passwords. On EBCDIC systems, if both of these fail, EBCDIC encoding will be tested as
a last resort. (EBCDIC is not tested on non-EBCDIC systems, because there are no known archivers
that encrypt using EBCDIC encoding.) ISO character encodings other than Latin-1 are not supported.
EXAMPLES
To use unzip to extract all members of the archive letters.zip into the current directory and subdi-rectories subdirectories
rectories below it, creating any subdirectories as necessary:
unzip letters
To extract all members of letters.zip into the current directory only:
unzip -j letters
To test letters.zip, printing only a summary message indicating whether the archive is OK or not:
unzip -tq letters
To test all zipfiles in the current directory, printing only the summaries:
unzip -tq \*.zip
(The backslash before the asterisk is only required if the shell expands wildcards, as in Unix; dou-ble double
ble quotes could have been used instead, as in the source examples below.) To extract to standard
output all members of letters.zip whose names end in .tex, auto-converting to the local end-of-line
convention and piping the output into more(1):
unzip -ca letters \*.tex | more
To extract the binary file paper1.dvi to standard output and pipe it to a printing program:
unzip -p articles paper1.dvi | dvips
To extract all FORTRAN and C source files--*.f, *.c, *.h, and Makefile--into the /tmp directory:
unzip source.zip "*.[fch]" Makefile -d /tmp
(the double quotes are necessary only in Unix and only if globbing is turned on). To extract all
FORTRAN and C source files, regardless of case (e.g., both *.c and *.C, and any makefile, Makefile,
MAKEFILE or similar):
unzip -C source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
To extract any such files but convert any uppercase MS-DOS or VMS names to lowercase and convert the
line-endings of all of the files to the local standard (without respect to any files that might be
marked ``binary''):
unzip -aaCL source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
To extract only newer versions of the files already in the current directory, without querying (NOTE:
be careful of unzipping in one timezone a zipfile created in another--ZIP archives other than those
created by Zip 2.1 or later contain no timezone information, and a ``newer'' file from an eastern
timezone may, in fact, be older):
unzip -fo sources
To extract newer versions of the files already in the current directory and to create any files not
already there (same caveat as previous example):
unzip -uo sources
To display a diagnostic screen showing which unzip and zipinfo options are stored in environment
variables, whether decryption support was compiled in, the compiler with which unzip was compiled,
etc.:
unzip -v
In the last five examples, assume that UNZIP or UNZIP_OPTS is set to -q. To do a singly quiet list-ing: listing:
ing:
unzip -l file.zip
To do a doubly quiet listing:
unzip -ql file.zip
(Note that the ``.zip'' is generally not necessary.) To do a standard listing:
unzip --ql file.zip
or
unzip -l-q file.zip
or
unzip -l--q file.zip
(Extra minuses in options don't hurt.)
TIPS
The current maintainer, being a lazy sort, finds it very useful to define a pair of aliases: tt for
``unzip -tq'' and ii for ``unzip -Z'' (or ``zipinfo''). One may then simply type ``tt zipfile'' to
test an archive, something that is worth making a habit of doing. With luck unzip will report ``No
errors detected in compressed data of zipfile.zip,'' after which one may breathe a sigh of relief.
The maintainer also finds it useful to set the UNZIP environment variable to ``-aL'' and is tempted
to add ``-C'' as well. His ZIPINFO variable is set to ``-z''.
DIAGNOSTICS
The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by PKWARE and takes on the fol-lowing following
lowing values, except under VMS:
0 normal; no errors or warnings detected.
1 one or more warning errors were encountered, but processing completed successfully any-way. anyway.
way. This includes zipfiles where one or more files was skipped due to unsupported
compression method or encryption with an unknown password.
2 a generic error in the zipfile format was detected. Processing may have completed suc-cessfully successfully
cessfully anyway; some broken zipfiles created by other archivers have simple work-arounds. workarounds.
arounds.
3 a severe error in the zipfile format was detected. Processing probably failed immedi-ately. immediately.
ately.
4 unzip was unable to allocate memory for one or more buffers during program initializa-tion. initialization.
tion.
5 unzip was unable to allocate memory or unable to obtain a tty to read the decryption
password(s).
6 unzip was unable to allocate memory during decompression to disk.
7 unzip was unable to allocate memory during in-memory decompression.
8 [currently not used]
9 the specified zipfiles were not found.
10 invalid options were specified on the command line.
11 no matching files were found.
50 the disk is (or was) full during extraction.
51 the end of the ZIP archive was encountered prematurely.
80 the user aborted unzip prematurely with control-C (or similar)
81 testing or extraction of one or more files failed due to unsupported compression meth-ods methods
ods or unsupported decryption.
82 no files were found due to bad decryption password(s). (If even one file is success-fully successfully
fully processed, however, the exit status is 1.)
VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other, scarier-looking things, so unzip instead
maps them into VMS-style status codes. The current mapping is as follows: 1 (success) for normal
exit, 0x7fff0001 for warning errors, and (0x7fff000? + 16*normal_unzip_exit_status) for all other
errors, where the `?' is 2 (error) for unzip values 2, 9-11 and 80-82, and 4 (fatal error) for the
remaining ones (3-8, 50, 51). In addition, there is a compilation option to expand upon this behav-ior: behavior:
ior: defining RETURN_CODES results in a human-readable explanation of what the error status means.
BUGS
Multi-part archives are not yet supported, except in conjunction with zip. (All parts must be con-catenated concatenated
catenated together in order, and then ``zip -F'' must be performed on the concatenated archive in
order to ``fix'' it.) This will definitely be corrected in the next major release.
Archives read from standard input are not yet supported, except with funzip (and then only the first
member of the archive can be extracted).
Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (e.g., passwords with accented European characters) may not
be portable across systems and/or other archivers. See the discussion in DECRYPTION above.
unzip's -M (``more'') option tries to take into account automatic wrapping of long lines. However,
the code may fail to detect the correct wrapping locations. First, TAB characters (and similar con-trol control
trol sequences) are not taken into account, they are handled as ordinary printable characters. Sec-ond, Second,
ond, depending on the actual system / OS port, unzip may not detect the true screen geometry but
rather rely on "commonly used" default dimensions. The correct handling of tabs would require the
implementation of a query for the actual tabulator setup on the output console.
Dates, times and permissions of stored directories are not restored except under Unix. (On Windows NT
and successors, timestamps are now restored.)
[MS-DOS] When extracting or testing files from an archive on a defective floppy diskette, if the
``Fail'' option is chosen from DOS's ``Abort, Retry, Fail?'' message, older versions of unzip may
hang the system, requiring a reboot. This problem appears to be fixed, but control-C (or control-Break) controlBreak)
Break) can still be used to terminate unzip.
Under DEC Ultrix, unzip would sometimes fail on long zipfiles (bad CRC, not always reproducible).
This was apparently due either to a hardware bug (cache memory) or an operating system bug (improper
handling of page faults?). Since Ultrix has been abandoned in favor of Digital Unix (OSF/1), this
may not be an issue anymore.
[Unix] Unix special files such as FIFO buffers (named pipes), block devices and character devices are
not restored even if they are somehow represented in the zipfile, nor are hard-linked files relinked.
Basically the only file types restored by unzip are regular files, directories and symbolic (soft)
links.
[OS/2] Extended attributes for existing directories are only updated if the -o (``overwrite all'')
option is given. This is a limitation of the operating system; because directories only have a cre-ation creation
ation time associated with them, unzip has no way to determine whether the stored attributes are
newer or older than those on disk. In practice this may mean a two-pass approach is required: first
unpack the archive normally (with or without freshening/updating existing files), then overwrite just
the directory entries (e.g., ``unzip -o foo */'').
[VMS] When extracting to another directory, only the [.foo] syntax is accepted for the -d option; the
simple Unix foo syntax is silently ignored (as is the less common VMS foo.dir syntax).
[VMS] When the file being extracted already exists, unzip's query only allows skipping, overwriting
or renaming; there should additionally be a choice for creating a new version of the file. In fact,
the ``overwrite'' choice does create a new version; the old version is not overwritten or deleted.
SEE ALSO
funzip(1L), zip(1L), zipcloak(1L), zipgrep(1L), zipinfo(1L), zipnote(1L), zipsplit(1L)
URL
The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/
or
ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .
AUTHORS
The primary Info-ZIP authors (current semi-active members of the Zip-Bugs workgroup) are: Ed Gordon
(Zip, general maintenance, shared code, Zip64, Win32, Unix); Christian Spieler (UnZip maintenance
coordination, VMS, MS-DOS, Win32, shared code, general Zip and UnZip integration and optimization);
Onno van der Linden (Zip); Mike White (Win32, Windows GUI, Windows DLLs); Kai Uwe Rommel (OS/2,
Win32); Steven M. Schweda (VMS, support of new features); Paul Kienitz (Amiga, Win32); Chris Herborth
(BeOS, QNX, Atari); Jonathan Hudson (SMS/QDOS); Sergio Monesi (Acorn RISC OS); Harald Denker (Atari,
MVS); John Bush (Solaris, Amiga); Hunter Goatley (VMS, Info-ZIP Site maintenance); Steve Salisbury
(Win32); Steve Miller (Windows CE GUI), Johnny Lee (MS-DOS, Win32, Zip64); and Dave Smith (Tandem
NSK).
The following people were former members of the Info-ZIP development group and provided major contri-butions contributions
butions to key parts of the current code: Greg ``Cave Newt'' Roelofs (UnZip, unshrink decompression);
Jean-loup Gailly (deflate compression); Mark Adler (inflate decompression, fUnZip).
The author of the original unzip code upon which Info-ZIP's was based is Samuel H. Smith; Carl Mas-cott Mascott
cott did the first Unix port; and David P. Kirschbaum organized and led Info-ZIP in its early days
with Keith Petersen hosting the original mailing list at WSMR-SimTel20. The full list of contribu-tors contributors
tors to UnZip has grown quite large; please refer to the CONTRIBS file in the UnZip source distribu-tion distribution
tion for a relatively complete version.
VERSIONS
v1.2 15 Mar 89 Samuel H. Smith
v2.0 9 Sep 89 Samuel H. Smith
v2.x fall 1989 many Usenet contributors
v3.0 1 May 90 Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
v3.1 15 Aug 90 Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
v4.0 1 Dec 90 Info-ZIP (GRR, maintainer)
v4.1 12 May 91 Info-ZIP
v4.2 20 Mar 92 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.0 21 Aug 92 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.01 15 Jan 93 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.1 7 Feb 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.11 2 Aug 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.12 28 Aug 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.2 30 Apr 96 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.3 22 Apr 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.31 31 May 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.32 3 Nov 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.4 28 Nov 98 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.41 16 Apr 00 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.42 14 Jan 01 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.5 17 Feb 02 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.51 22 May 04 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.52 28 Feb 05 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
Info-ZIP 28 February 2005 (v5.52) UNZIP(1L)
|
Сообщение о проблемах
Способ сообщить о проблеме с этой страницей руководства зависит от типа проблемы:
- Ошибки содержания
- Ошибки отчета в содержании этой документации со ссылками на отзыв ниже.
- Отчеты об ошибках
- Сообщите об ошибках в функциональности описанного инструмента или API через Генератор отчетов Ошибки.
- Форматирование проблем
- Отчет, форматирующий ошибки в интерактивной версии этих страниц со ссылками на отзыв ниже.