|
|
Эта страница руководства для версии 10.9 Mac OS XЕсли Вы выполняете различную версию Mac OS X, просматриваете документацию локально:
Читать страницы руководстваСтраницы руководства предназначаются как справочник для людей, уже понимающих технологию.
|
ZIPINFO(1L) ZIPINFO(1L)
NAME
zipinfo - list detailed information about a ZIP archive
SYNOPSIS
zipinfo [-12smlvhMtTz] file[.zip] [file(s) ...] [-x xfile(s) ...]
unzip -Z [-12smlvhMtTz] file[.zip] [file(s) ...] [-x xfile(s) ...]
DESCRIPTION
zipinfo lists technical information about files in a ZIP archive, most commonly found on MS-DOS sys-tems. systems.
tems. Such information includes file access permissions, encryption status, type of compression,
version and operating system or file system of compressing program, and the like. The default behav-ior behavior
ior (with no options) is to list single-line entries for each file in the archive, with header and
trailer lines providing summary information for the entire archive. The format is a cross between
Unix ``ls -l'' and ``unzip -v'' output. See DETAILED DESCRIPTION below. Note that zipinfo is the
same program as unzip (under Unix, a link to it); on some systems, however, zipinfo support may have
been omitted when unzip was compiled.
ARGUMENTS
file[.zip]
Path of the ZIP archive(s). If the file specification is a wildcard, each matching file is
processed in an order determined by the operating system (or file system). Only the filename
can be a wildcard; the path itself cannot. Wildcard expressions are similar to Unix egrep(1)
(regular) expressions and may contain:
* matches a sequence of 0 or more characters
? matches exactly 1 character
[...] matches any single character found inside the brackets; ranges are specified by a
beginning character, a hyphen, and an ending character. If an exclamation point or a
caret (`!' or `^') follows the left bracket, then the range of characters within the
brackets is complemented (that is, anything except the characters inside the brackets
is considered a match). To specify a verbatim left bracket, the three-character
sequence ``[[]'' has to be used.
(Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be interpreted or modified by the operat-ing operating
ing system, particularly under Unix and VMS.) If no matches are found, the specification is
assumed to be a literal filename; and if that also fails, the suffix .zip is appended. Note
that self-extracting ZIP files are supported, as with any other ZIP archive; just specify the
.exe suffix (if any) explicitly.
[file(s)]
An optional list of archive members to be processed, separated by spaces. (VMS versions com-piled compiled
piled with VMSCLI defined must delimit files with commas instead.) Regular expressions (wild-cards) (wildcards)
cards) may be used to match multiple members; see above. Again, be sure to quote expressions
that would otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating system.
[-x xfile(s)]
An optional list of archive members to be excluded from processing.
OPTIONS
-1 list filenames only, one per line. This option excludes all others; headers, trailers and
zipfile comments are never printed. It is intended for use in Unix shell scripts.
-2 list filenames only, one per line, but allow headers (-h), trailers (-t) and zipfile comments
(-z), as well. This option may be useful in cases where the stored filenames are particularly
long.
-s list zipfile info in short Unix ``ls -l'' format. This is the default behavior; see below.
-m list zipfile info in medium Unix ``ls -l'' format. Identical to the -s output, except that
the compression factor, expressed as a percentage, is also listed.
-l list zipfile info in long Unix ``ls -l'' format. As with -m except that the compressed size
(in bytes) is printed instead of the compression ratio.
-v list zipfile information in verbose, multi-page format.
-h list header line. The archive name, actual size (in bytes) and total number of files is
printed.
-M pipe all output through an internal pager similar to the Unix more(1) command. At the end of
a screenful of output, zipinfo pauses with a ``--More--'' prompt; the next screenful may be
viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the space bar. zipinfo can be terminated by
pressing the ``q'' key and, on some systems, the Enter/Return key. Unlike Unix more(1), there
is no forward-searching or editing capability. Also, zipinfo doesn't notice if long lines
wrap at the edge of the screen, effectively resulting in the printing of two or more lines and
the likelihood that some text will scroll off the top of the screen before being viewed. On
some systems the number of available lines on the screen is not detected, in which case zip-info zipinfo
info assumes the height is 24 lines.
-t list totals for files listed or for all files. The number of files listed, their uncompressed
and compressed total sizes , and their overall compression factor is printed; or, if only the
totals line is being printed, the values for the entire archive are given. The compressed
total size does not include the 12 additional header bytes of each encrypted entry. Note that
the total compressed (data) size will never match the actual zipfile size, since the latter
includes all of the internal zipfile headers in addition to the compressed data.
-T print the file dates and times in a sortable decimal format (yymmdd.hhmmss). The default date
format is a more standard, human-readable version with abbreviated month names (see examples
below).
-z include the archive comment (if any) in the listing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
zipinfo has a number of modes, and its behavior can be rather difficult to fathom if one isn't famil-iar familiar
iar with Unix ls(1) (or even if one is). The default behavior is to list files in the following for-mat: format:
mat:
-rw-rws--- 1.9 unx 2802 t- defX 11-Aug-91 13:48 perms.2660
The last three fields are the modification date and time of the file, and its name. The case of the
filename is respected; thus files that come from MS-DOS PKZIP are always capitalized. If the file
was zipped with a stored directory name, that is also displayed as part of the filename.
The second and third fields indicate that the file was zipped under Unix with version 1.9 of zip.
Since it comes from Unix, the file permissions at the beginning of the line are printed in Unix for-mat. format.
mat. The uncompressed file-size (2802 in this example) is the fourth field.
The fifth field consists of two characters, either of which may take on several values. The first
character may be either `t' or `b', indicating that zip believes the file to be text or binary,
respectively; but if the file is encrypted, zipinfo notes this fact by capitalizing the character
(`T' or `B'). The second character may also take on four values, depending on whether there is an
extended local header and/or an ``extra field'' associated with the file (fully explained in PKWare's
APPNOTE.TXT, but basically analogous to pragmas in ANSI C--i.e., they provide a standard way to
include non-standard information in the archive). If neither exists, the character will be a hyphen
(`-'); if there is an extended local header but no extra field, `l'; if the reverse, `x'; and if both
exist, `X'. Thus the file in this example is (probably) a text file, is not encrypted, and has nei-ther neither
ther an extra field nor an extended local header associated with it. The example below, on the other
hand, is an encrypted binary file with an extra field:
RWD,R,R 0.9 vms 168 Bx shrk 9-Aug-91 19:15 perms.0644
Extra fields are used for various purposes (see discussion of the -v option below) including the
storage of VMS file attributes, which is presumably the case here. Note that the file attributes are
listed in VMS format. Some other possibilities for the host operating system (which is actually a
misnomer--host file system is more correct) include OS/2 or NT with High Performance File System
(HPFS), MS-DOS, OS/2 or NT with File Allocation Table (FAT) file system, and Macintosh. These are
denoted as follows:
-rw-a-- 1.0 hpf 5358 Tl i4:3 4-Dec-91 11:33 longfilename.hpfs
-r--ahs 1.1 fat 4096 b- i4:2 14-Jul-91 12:58 EA DATA. SF
--w------- 1.0 mac 17357 bx i8:2 4-May-92 04:02 unzip.macr
File attributes in the first two cases are indicated in a Unix-like format, where the seven subfields
indicate whether the file: (1) is a directory, (2) is readable (always true), (3) is writable, (4)
is executable (guessed on the basis of the extension--.exe, .com, .bat, .cmd and .btm files are
assumed to be so), (5) has its archive bit set, (6) is hidden, and (7) is a system file. Interpreta-tion Interpretation
tion of Macintosh file attributes is unreliable because some Macintosh archivers don't store any
attributes in the archive.
Finally, the sixth field indicates the compression method and possible sub-method used. There are
six methods known at present: storing (no compression), reducing, shrinking, imploding, tokenizing
(never publicly released), and deflating. In addition, there are four levels of reducing (1 through
4); four types of imploding (4K or 8K sliding dictionary, and 2 or 3 Shannon-Fano trees); and four
levels of deflating (superfast, fast, normal, maximum compression). zipinfo represents these methods
and their sub-methods as follows: stor; re:1, re:2, etc.; shrk; i4:2, i8:3, etc.; tokn; and defS,
defF, defN, and defX.
The medium and long listings are almost identical to the short format except that they add informa-tion information
tion on the file's compression. The medium format lists the file's compression factor as a percent-age percentage
age indicating the amount of space that has been ``removed'':
-rw-rws--- 1.5 unx 2802 t- 81% defX 11-Aug-91 13:48 perms.2660
In this example, the file has been compressed by more than a factor of five; the compressed data are
only 19% of the original size. The long format gives the compressed file's size in bytes, instead:
-rw-rws--- 1.5 unx 2802 t- 538 defX 11-Aug-91 13:48 perms.2660
In contrast to the unzip listings, the compressed size figures in this listing format denote the com-plete complete
plete size of compressed data, including the 12 extra header bytes in case of encrypted entries.
Adding the -T option changes the file date and time to decimal format:
-rw-rws--- 1.5 unx 2802 t- 538 defX 910811.134804 perms.2660
Note that because of limitations in the MS-DOS format used to store file times, the seconds field is
always rounded to the nearest even second. For Unix files this is expected to change in the next
major releases of zip(1L) and unzip.
In addition to individual file information, a default zipfile listing also includes header and
trailer lines:
Archive: OS2.zip 5453 bytes 5 files
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 730 b- i4:3 26-Jun-92 23:40 Contents
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 3710 b- i4:3 26-Jun-92 23:33 makefile.os2
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 8753 b- i8:3 26-Jun-92 15:29 os2unzip.c
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 98 b- stor 21-Aug-91 15:34 unzip.def
,,rw, 1.0 hpf 95 b- stor 21-Aug-91 17:51 zipinfo.def
5 files, 13386 bytes uncompressed, 4951 bytes compressed: 63.0%
The header line gives the name of the archive, its total size, and the total number of files; the
trailer gives the number of files listed, their total uncompressed size, and their total compressed
size (not including any of zip's internal overhead). If, however, one or more file(s) are provided,
the header and trailer lines are not listed. This behavior is also similar to that of Unix's ``ls
-l''; it may be overridden by specifying the -h and -t options explicitly. In such a case the list-ing listing
ing format must also be specified explicitly, since -h or -t (or both) in the absence of other
options implies that ONLY the header or trailer line (or both) is listed. See the EXAMPLES section
below for a semi-intelligible translation of this nonsense.
The verbose listing is mostly self-explanatory. It also lists file comments and the zipfile comment,
if any, and the type and number of bytes in any stored extra fields. Currently known types of extra
fields include PKWARE's authentication (``AV'') info; OS/2 extended attributes; VMS filesystem info,
both PKWARE and Info-ZIP versions; Macintosh resource forks; Acorn/Archimedes SparkFS info; and so
on. (Note that in the case of OS/2 extended attributes--perhaps the most common use of zipfile extra
fields--the size of the stored EAs as reported by zipinfo may not match the number given by OS/2's
dir command: OS/2 always reports the number of bytes required in 16-bit format, whereas zipinfo
always reports the 32-bit storage.)
Again, the compressed size figures of the individual entries include the 12 extra header bytes for
encrypted entries. In contrast, the archive total compressed size and the average compression ratio
shown in the summary bottom line are calculated without the extra 12 header bytes of encrypted
entries.
ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS
Modifying zipinfo's default behavior via options placed in an environment variable can be a bit com-plicated complicated
plicated to explain, due to zipinfo's attempts to handle various defaults in an intuitive, yet Unix-like, Unixlike,
like, manner. (Try not to laugh.) Nevertheless, there is some underlying logic. In brief, there
are three ``priority levels'' of options: the default options; environment options, which can over-ride override
ride or add to the defaults; and explicit options given by the user, which can override or add to
either of the above.
The default listing format, as noted above, corresponds roughly to the "zipinfo -hst" command (except
when individual zipfile members are specified). A user who prefers the long-listing format (-l) can
make use of the zipinfo's environment variable to change this default:
Unix Bourne shell:
ZIPINFO=-l; export ZIPINFO
Unix C shell:
setenv ZIPINFO -l
OS/2 or MS-DOS:
set ZIPINFO=-l
VMS (quotes for lowercase):
define ZIPINFO_OPTS "-l"
If, in addition, the user dislikes the trailer line, zipinfo's concept of ``negative options'' may be
used to override the default inclusion of the line. This is accomplished by preceding the undesired
option with one or more minuses: e.g., ``-l-t'' or ``--tl'', in this example. The first hyphen is
the regular switch character, but the one before the `t' is a minus sign. The dual use of hyphens
may seem a little awkward, but it's reasonably intuitive nonetheless: simply ignore the first hyphen
and go from there. It is also consistent with the behavior of the Unix command nice(1).
As suggested above, the default variable names are ZIPINFO_OPTS for VMS (where the symbol used to
install zipinfo as a foreign command would otherwise be confused with the environment variable), and
ZIPINFO for all other operating systems. For compatibility with zip(1L), ZIPINFOOPT is also accepted
(don't ask). If both ZIPINFO and ZIPINFOOPT are defined, however, ZIPINFO takes precedence. unzip's
diagnostic option (-v with no zipfile name) can be used to check the values of all four possible
unzip and zipinfo environment variables.
EXAMPLES
To get a basic, short-format listing of the complete contents of a ZIP archive storage.zip, with both
header and totals lines, use only the archive name as an argument to zipinfo:
zipinfo storage
To produce a basic, long-format listing (not verbose), including header and totals lines, use -l:
zipinfo -l storage
To list the complete contents of the archive without header and totals lines, either negate the -h
and -t options or else specify the contents explicitly:
zipinfo --h-t storage
zipinfo storage \*
(where the backslash is required only if the shell would otherwise expand the `*' wildcard, as in
Unix when globbing is turned on--double quotes around the asterisk would have worked as well). To
turn off the totals line by default, use the environment variable (C shell is assumed here):
setenv ZIPINFO --t
zipinfo storage
To get the full, short-format listing of the first example again, given that the environment variable
is set as in the previous example, it is necessary to specify the -s option explicitly, since the -t
option by itself implies that ONLY the footer line is to be printed:
setenv ZIPINFO --t
zipinfo -t storage [only totals line]
zipinfo -st storage [full listing]
The -s option, like -m and -l, includes headers and footers by default, unless otherwise specified.
Since the environment variable specified no footers and that has a higher precedence than the default
behavior of -s, an explicit -t option was necessary to produce the full listing. Nothing was indi-cated indicated
cated about the header, however, so the -s option was sufficient. Note that both the -h and -t
options, when used by themselves or with each other, override any default listing of member files;
only the header and/or footer are printed. This behavior is useful when zipinfo is used with a wild-card wildcard
card zipfile specification; the contents of all zipfiles are then summarized with a single command.
To list information on a single file within the archive, in medium format, specify the filename
explicitly:
zipinfo -m storage unshrink.c
The specification of any member file, as in this example, will override the default header and totals
lines; only the single line of information about the requested file will be printed. This is intu-itively intuitively
itively what one would expect when requesting information about a single file. For multiple files,
it is often useful to know the total compressed and uncompressed size; in such cases -t may be speci-fied specified
fied explicitly:
zipinfo -mt storage "*.[ch]" Mak\*
To get maximal information about the ZIP archive, use the verbose option. It is usually wise to pipe
the output into a filter such as Unix more(1) if the operating system allows it:
zipinfo -v storage | more
Finally, to see the most recently modified files in the archive, use the -T option in conjunction
with an external sorting utility such as Unix sort(1) (and sed(1) as well, in this example):
zipinfo -T storage | sort -nr -k 7 | sed 15q
The -nr option to sort(1) tells it to sort numerically in reverse order rather than in textual order,
and the -k 7 option tells it to sort on the seventh field. This assumes the default short-listing
format; if -m or -l is used, the proper sort(1) option would be -k 8. Older versions of sort(1) do
not support the -k option, but you can use the traditional + option instead, e.g., +6 instead of
-k 7. The sed(1) command filters out all but the first 15 lines of the listing. Future releases of
zipinfo may incorporate date/time and filename sorting as built-in options.
TIPS
The author finds it convenient to define an alias ii for zipinfo on systems that allow aliases (or,
on other systems, copy/rename the executable, create a link or create a command file with the name
ii). The ii usage parallels the common ll alias for long listings in Unix, and the similarity
between the outputs of the two commands was intentional.
BUGS
As with unzip, zipinfo's -M (``more'') option is overly simplistic in its handling of screen output;
as noted above, it fails to detect the wrapping of long lines and may thereby cause lines at the top
of the screen to be scrolled off before being read. zipinfo should detect and treat each occurrence
of line-wrap as one additional line printed. This requires knowledge of the screen's width as well
as its height. In addition, zipinfo should detect the true screen geometry on all systems.
zipinfo's listing-format behavior is unnecessarily complex and should be simplified. (This is not to
say that it will be.)
SEE ALSO
ls(1), funzip(1L), unzip(1L), unzipsfx(1L), zip(1L), zipcloak(1L), zipnote(1L), zipsplit(1L)
URL
The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/
or
ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .
AUTHOR
Greg ``Cave Newt'' Roelofs. ZipInfo contains pattern-matching code by Mark Adler and fixes/improve-ments fixes/improvements
ments by many others. Please refer to the CONTRIBS file in the UnZip source distribution for a more
complete list.
Info-ZIP 28 February 2005 (v2.42) ZIPINFO(1L)
|
Сообщение о проблемах
Способ сообщить о проблеме с этой страницей руководства зависит от типа проблемы:
- Ошибки содержания
- Ошибки отчета в содержании этой документации со ссылками на отзыв ниже.
- Отчеты об ошибках
- Сообщите об ошибках в функциональности описанного инструмента или API через Генератор отчетов Ошибки.
- Форматирование проблем
- Отчет, форматирующий ошибки в интерактивной версии этих страниц со ссылками на отзыв ниже.